Micro/nanoplastic mediated pathophysiological changes in rodents, rabbits, and chicken

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrita Banerjee ◽  
Weilin Shelver
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Metabolic Alterations ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Societal Benefits ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Human Food Chain

Plastics provide tremendous societal benefits and are an indispensable part of our lives. However, fragmented plastics or those intentionally manufactured in small sizes (microplastics or nanoplastics) are of concern because they can infiltrate soils and enter the human food chain through trophic transfer. The pathophysiological impacts of micro/nanoplastics in humans are not characterized but their effects in terrestrial mammals may help elucidate their potential effects in human beings. Rodent studies have demonstrated that micro/nanoplastics can breach the intestinal barrier, accumulate in various organs, cause gut dysbosis, decrease mucus secretion, induce metabolic alterations, and cause neurotoxicity, amongst other pathophysiologic effects. Larger mammals such as rabbits can also absorb microplastics orally. In farm animals such as chicken, microplastics have been detected in the gut, thereby raising food safety concerns. This review mostly focuses on studies conducted to assess effects of micro/nanoplastic exposure through food and water in terrestrial mammals and farm animals including rodents, rabbit and chicken, identifies main knowledge gaps, and provides recommendations for further research to understand food-borne MP/NP toxicity in humans.

scholarly journals EnterohemorrhagicEscherichia coli- Its Control from a Viewpoint of Food Safety -

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-434
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Asakura ◽  
◽  
Yoshika Momose ◽  
Fumiko Kasuga
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Food Matrix ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Untreated Water ◽  
Sources Of Infection ◽  
Survival Mechanisms

This review focuses on the bacteriological nature and epidemics of enterohemorrhagicEscherichia coli(EHEC), a global scourge, from the viewpoint of food safety. Many human EHEC infections are linked to eating undercooked food and untreated water. We are still struggling to control this pathogen in the food chain, so we discuss current knowledge on sources of infection and EHEC distribution and survival mechanisms in foreign environments including the food matrix. We also introduce ways to effectively prevent food-borne EHEC infection.

Clones and the Human Food Chain

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
GREG FEERO
Keyword(s):  
Food Chain ◽  
Human Food ◽  
Human Food Chain

Analysis of Heavy Metal in Water used for Irrigation, Soil and Some Vegetables grown around Tin Mine Areas of Heipang District, Barkin-Ladi Local Government of Plateau State

2019 ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Agustina Onyebuchi Ijeomah ◽  
Rebecca Ngoholve Vesuwe ◽  
Bitrus Pam
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Green Pepper ◽  
Transfer Factors ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Plateau State

Vegetables growing in mining areas have become a serious food safety concern because of the high levels of heavy metals always associated with mining. In this study, water used for irrigation, soil, cabbage, green pepper and green beans grown in tin mine areas of Heipang District, Barkin-Ladi LGA of Plateau State were analyzed for lead, cadmium and zinc, using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The concentrations of the heavy metals in water, soil, vegetables were all in the order Pb, >> Cd > Zn. In the vegetables, the order was: Pb → cabbage > green beans > green pepper; Cd → green beans > cabbage > green pepper; Zn → cabbage > green pepper = green beans. The transfer factors for all the metals (heavy metal in plant / heavy metal in soil) ranged from 0.95 to 1.48. There were high levels of Pb and Cd in all the vegetables, which may be attributed to the metals in the water used for irrigation. Whilst the concentration of Zn in all the samples were lower than recommended limits, the levels of Pb and Cd in the water, soil and vegetables were higher than the WHO/FEPA standard recommended limits reported for vegetables. The Cd concentrations of the vegetables also exceeded the tolerance thresholds for animals and human beings and therefore consumption of vegetable from the area would endanger the health of the population.

A highly sensitive fluorescence biosensor for detection of Staphylococcus aureus based on HCR-mediated three-way DNA junction nicking enzyme assisted signal amplification

The Analyst ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuyan Zhang ◽  
Zewei Luo ◽  
Mengfan Wu ◽  
Wei Ning ◽  
Ziyi Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Signal Amplification ◽  
Sensitive Detection ◽  
Safety Control ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Fluorescence Biosensor ◽  
Highly Sensitive Detection ◽  
Nicking Enzyme

Sensitive and efficient monitoring of food-borne bacteria is of great importance for food safety control. Herein, a novel biosensor for highly sensitive detection of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was constructed...

Introduction to the Food Safety Concerns of Verotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli

2003 ◽  
Vol 228 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein S. Hussein ◽  
Stanley T. Omaye
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Past ◽  
Food Borne Pathogens ◽  
Food Borne

Verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) have emerged in the past two decades as food-borne pathogens that can cause major outbreaks of human illnesses worldwide. The number of outbreaks has increased in recent years due to changes in food production and processing systems, eating habits, microbial adaptation, and methods of VTEC transmission. The human illnesses range from mild diarrhea to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) that can lead to death. The VTEC outbreaks have been attributed to O157:H7 and non-O157:H7 serotypes of E. coli. These E. coli serotypes include motile (e.g., O26:H11 and O104:H21) and nonmotile (e.g., O111:H–,0145:H–, and O157:H–) strains. In the United States, E. coli O157:H7 has been the major cause of VTEC outbreaks. Worldwide, however, non-O157:H7 VTEC (e.g., members of the 026, O103, O111, O118, O145, and O166 serogroups) have caused approximately 30% of the HUS cases in the past decade. Because large numbers of the VTEC outbreaks have been attributed to consumption of ruminant products (e.g., ground beef), cattle and sheep are considered reservoirs of these food-borne pathogens. Because of the food safety concern of VTEC, a global perspective on this problem is addressed (Exp Biol Med Vol. 228, No. 4). The first objective was to evaluate the known non-O157:H7 VTEC strains and the limitations associated with their detection and characterization. The second objective was to identify the VTEC serotypes associated with outbreaks of human illnesses and to provide critical evaluation of their virulence. The third objective was to determine the rumen effect on survival of E. coli O157:H7 as a VTEC model. The fourth objective was to explore the role of intimins in promoting attaching and effacing lesions in humans. Finally, the ability of VTEC to cause persistent infections in cattle was evaluated.

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