evacuation of blood occurred at a time when I was in great pain and already despaired of, I might even have died from suppuration. As it was, it was this that saved me, the evacuation of blood. To prove that in this too I am telling the truth, and that I was subjected to illness such as to reduce me to a desperate condition, as a result of the blows I received from these men, read the doctor’s deposition and that of the people who visited me. Depositions [13] So the fact that the blows I received were not slight or insignificant but that I found myself in extreme danger because of the outrageous behaviour and the violence of these people, and so the action I have brought is far less serious than they deserve, this has I think been made clear to you on many counts. And I imagine that some of you are wondering what on earth Konon will dare to say in reply to this. Now I want to warn you about the argument I am informed he has contrived; he will attempt to divert the issue away from the outrage of what was done and reduce it to laughter and ridicule. [14] And he will say that there are many individuals in the city, the sons of decent men, who in the playful manner of young people have given themselves titles, and they call some ‘Ithyphallics’, others ‘Down-and-outs’; that some of them love courtesans and have often suffered and inflicted blows over a courtesan, and that this is the way of young people. As for my brothers and myself, he will misrepresent all of us as drunken and violent but also as unreasonable and vindictive. [15] Personally, judges, though I have been angered by the treatment I have received, my indignation and feeling of having been outraged would be no less, if I may say so, if these statements about us by Konon here are regarded as the truth and your ignorance is such that each man is taken for whatever he claims or his neighbour alleges him to be, and decent men get no benefit at all from their normal life and habits. [16] We have not been seen either drunk or behaving violently by anyone in the world, nor do we think we are behaving unreasonably if we demand to receive satisfaction under the laws for the wrongs done to us. We agree that his sons are ‘Ithyphallics’ and ‘Down-and-outs’, and I for my part pray to the gods that this and all else of the sort may recoil upon Konon and his sons. [17] For these are the men who initiate each other into the rites of Ithyphallos and commit the sort of acts which decent people find it deeply shameful even to speak of, let alone do.

2002 ◽  
pp. 96-96
Author(s):  
Zyad Samir Al-Dabagh

The process of building peace and laying its foundations within the societies of the world, especially those newly emerging from the stage of conflict, are among the important and indispensable matters. Without peace, opportunities diminish in obtaining the essentials of a safe and normal life, and without peace, societies cannot It works and advances towards a better future. However, peacebuilding operations in many societies emerging from conflict or those in which they live may face a set of challenges and obstacles that constitute a major obstacle to them, which necessitates searching for the best ways and means by which these obstacles can be addressed in order to build a real and effective peace that is reflected Positively on the people of those societies.


2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 722-756
Author(s):  
Jon Adams ◽  
Edmund Ramsden

Nestled among E. M. Forster's careful studies of Edwardian social mores is a short story called “The Machine Stops.” Set many years in the future, it is a work of science fiction that imagines all humanity housed in giant high-density cities buried deep below a lifeless surface. With each citizen cocooned in an identical private chamber, all interaction is mediated through the workings of “the Machine,” a totalizing social system that controls every aspect of human life. Cultural variety has ceded to rigorous organization: everywhere is the same, everyone lives the same life. So hopelessly reliant is humanity upon the efficient operation of the Machine, that when the system begins to fail there is little the people can do, and so tightly ordered is the system that the failure spreads. At the story's conclusion, the collapse is total, and Forster's closing image offers a condemnation of the world they had built, and a hopeful glimpse of the world that might, in their absence, return: “The whole city was broken like a honeycomb. […] For a moment they saw the nations of the dead, and, before they joined them, scraps of the untainted sky” (2001: 123). In physically breaking apart the city, there is an extent to which Forster is literalizing the device of the broken society, but it is also the case that the infrastructure of the Machine is so inseparable from its social structure that the failure of one causes the failure of the other. The city has—in the vocabulary of present-day engineers—“failed badly.”


Author(s):  
Alphonso Groenewald
Keyword(s):  

This article focuses on the story of the transformation of the city called Zion. Isaiah 1:1–2:5 is the key to the book. This chapter describes the failure of Israel to be the people of God: Israel’s covenant breach, a corrupted cult and imminent punishment. It tells of the existence of two groups within Israel: the righteous remnant who would be saved and the wicked who would be judged. This chapter furthermore presents the reader with a picture of decadent Jerusalem whose sacrifices are rejected and whose prayers are no longer accepted. Isaiah 1 contains a warning of judgement against Jerusalem, whereas Isaiah 2:1–5 sketches the prophetic hope for Zion, which would lead to a pilgrimage of the nations to receive the Torah on Zion.


Author(s):  
Abigail Williams

This chapter summarizes key themes and presents some final thoughts. This book offered a series of vignettes of reading lives and practices. It presented a cluster of historical figures and a range of historical books, and used them to try to reconstruct what literature has meant and what it has been used for. It showed that the way in which people used the books they read are closely bound up with other aspects of amateur, domestic culture. This book also showed that anxieties about forms of reading are not new. Eighteenth-century commentators worried about learning bought too easily and readers who could no longer engage with whole texts. Families encouraged reading together because they feared that young people were losing their sense of reality through their immersion in addictive imaginative fictions. The world of eighteenth-century reading was a very different land, but in some ways, perhaps not so far from our own as we like to think.


Author(s):  
Clara Rübner Jørgensen

On the basis of data collected during fieldwork in the city of León, Nicaragua, this article discusses the paradox of many Nicaraguan parents describing their children’s school as being free of charge despite the fact that they are frequently asked to pay for it. The article shows that, in spite of the constitutional definition of education as free and equal for all Nicaraguans, parents are often asked for economic contributions. By analysing the values surrounding the school I suggest that values of responsibility and solidarity influence the way that parents conceptualize their school expenditures and, in relation to this, confirm the status of the school as free. Furthermore, the article describes how Nicaraguan parents often compare the school to their home and describe the relation between teacher and students by using family terms. Inspired by the theory of the American sociologist James Carrier, I argue that this comparison, in addition to the values of responsibility and solidarity, further influences the way Nicaraguan parents and children experience their economic contributions. Finally, I argue that even though the users of the school describe it as free of charge, it remains necessary to recognize its economic aspects, since a lack of recognition can turn out to have important individual and social consequences for the people involved, especially, for the most economically marginalized families.  


KALPATARU ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Retno Handini

Abstrak. Tulisan ini merupakan kajian tentang “balung buto”, sebuah mitos atau kepercayaan masyarakat yang menghuni wilayah penemuan fosil-fosil purba di Jawa. Penelitian ini difokuskan di Situs Sangiran sebagai Situs Warisan Dunia untuk memahami pola pikir dan persepsi masyarakat penghuni situs dalam memandang keberadaan fosil yang banyak ditemukan di sekitar lahan tegalan atau pekarangan mereka. Metode yang digunakan adalah wawancara mendalam pada masyarakat yang  tinggal di Sangiran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan walaupun saat ini sudah semakin ditinggalkan dan tidak lagi diturunkan pada generasi muda, namun mitos “balung buto” masih mempengaruhi pola pikir dan perilaku kalangan tertentu yang mempercayainya. Hal tersebut secara langsung ataupun tidak berdampak pada pencarian fosil dan pelestarian situs.Abstract. This article is a study on ‘balung buto’ (which means giant’s bone), a myth or belief shared by the communities that live in areas where prehistoric fossils are found in Java. The study is focused at the World Heritage Site of Sangiran to understand the way of thinking and perception of the inhabitants around the site in viewing the existence of fossils, which are found in abundance on their agricultural fields or house yards. The method used here is insightful interview with the people who live at Sangiran. The study reveals that although believed by less and less people and no longer inherited to the young generation, there are some people who still believe the myth. To them the myth of ‘balung buto’ still influences their pattern of thoughts and behaviour so that directly or indirectly it has impacts on fossil-collecting behaviour and site preservation. 


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 2.1-2.12
Author(s):  
Daniel Kauwila Mahi

Waikīkī is a world-renowned leisure destination; at least, that is the image flung vehemently around the world about Hawaii. This framing of Hawaii as paradisiac is parasitic, it eats away and denigrates the enduring relationship that Hawaii the land and the people have. During the COVID-19 pandemic, we have seen a shift in the way our home feels. Tourism, a self-proclaimed necessity of Hawaii’s economy, was not only put on hold, it was essentially eliminated. Through this project I would like to present pre/post-colonialist modalities of Hawaii, to contest and disarm this space densely affected by militourism. Hawaii has been framed as a leisure destination first by colonialists and much later by hip hop music. My approach to contesting these projections is to refuse this notion and feature lines from songs, chants and prayers related to Waikīkī which are pre/postcolonial and have been influenced by colonialism through hip hop.


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Linda Dwi Sholikhah ◽  
Saeful Hayat

<div><p class="ABSTRAKen">Young people are those who are so easily influenced by modern and primitive trends. They are a group of people who are quickly touched by change. The development felt fast in the city. Culture of young people who follow the modern trend needs supervision and guidance so as not to fall into the negative direction or even erode the identity of the nation. In its development the people should have opportunities in social life and an active role in government. However, in its development there are several problems that arise so that proper handling of self, family and school environment, and government is needed. This is done to improve the youth activism as the next generation of nation that is expected to bring this country more prosperous and prosperous.</p></div>


Author(s):  
Girish Shanbhogue

Education is the process of gaining knowledge, inculcating the values, developing skills. Education is also the way to enhance innovative ideas, develop potentials and build the judgment and understanding..Education enables the people know their rights; it expands the vision and outlook to see the world. Education enables us to fight against violence, injustice and corruption.


2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Iim Imadudin

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap kiprah dan pemikiran dari salah seorang ulama terkemuka yang berasal dari Lampung, yaitu H.M. Arief Mahya. Ulama Lampung kelahiran Gedungasin Liwa 6 Juni 1926 ini adalah saksi dari peralihan kolonialisme ke zaman revolusi kemerdekaan, terus berlanjut ke masa pembangunan dan reformasi. Penelitian ini mempergunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri dari heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitianmemperlihatkan bahwa H.M. Arief Mahya bukan hanya ulama yang mengembangkan dakwah di kalangan umat, namun juga pendidik yang telah melahirkan generasiLampung berikutnya. Selain itu, ia turut berjuang dalam upaya mempertahankan kemerdekaan. Ia pernah menjadi pimpinan Hizbullah melawan kolonialisme yang hendak merebut kemerdekaan. Selain berjuang secara fisik, ia juga mencurahkan pemikiran melalui media publik, seperti surat kabar. Ciri pokok dari tokoh Lampung ini adalah konsistensinya untuk terus berjuang di jalan yang diyakininya. Betapapun dunia sudah berubah dan terjadi krisis nilai, ia terus istiqomah melanjutkan kiprahnya mendidik umat. AbstractThis study aims to reveal the gait and the thought of one of the leading scholars from Lampung, namely KH M. Arief Mahya. Theologian Lampung who was born at Gedungasin Liwa on June 6, 1926 is the witness of the transition era of colonialism to independence revolution and continues to the development and reformation era. This study uses historical method consists of heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results showed that KH M. Arief Mahya was not only a scholar who developed the message among the people, but also an educator who had bridged to the next generation of Lampung. In addition, he participated in the effort tomaintain the independence struggle. He was once the leader of Hizbullah against colonialism who want to snatch the independence. Besides physically struggling, he also devoted ideas through public media, such as newspapers. The main characteristic of this Lampung figure was the consistency to keep fighting in the way he believed. No matter how the world has changed and there was a crisis of value, he persistently continued to educate people.


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