Designing Integrated Interfaces that Stimulate Activity

2013 ◽  
pp. 229-252
Keyword(s):  
Stimulate Activity

scholarly journals Phosphorylation of rat kidney Na-K pump at Ser938 is required for rapid angiotensin II-dependent stimulation of activity and trafficking in proximal tubule cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (3) ◽  
pp. C227-C232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine J. Massey ◽  
Quanwen Li ◽  
Noreen F. Rossi ◽  
Susan M. Keezer ◽  
Raymond R. Mattingly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Proximal Tubules ◽  
Kidney Cells ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Stimulate Activity ◽  
Opossum Kidney ◽  
Opossum Kidney Cells ◽  
Stimulation Of

How angiotensin (ANG) II acutely stimulates the Na-K pump in proximal tubules is only partially understood, limiting insight into how ANG II increases blood pressure. First, we tested whether ANG II increases the number of pumps in plasma membranes of native rat proximal tubules under conditions of rapid activation. We found that exposure to 100 pM ANG II for 2 min, which was previously shown to increase affinity of the Na-K pump for Na and stimulate activity threefold, increased the amount of the Na-K pump in plasma membranes of native tubules by 33%. Second, we tested whether previously observed increases in phosphorylation of the Na-K pump at Ser938 were part of the stimulatory mechanism. These experiments were carried out in opossum kidney cells, cultured proximal tubules stably coexpressing the ANG type 1 (AT1) receptor, and either wild-type or a S938A mutant of rat kidney Na-K pump under conditions found by others to stimulate activity. We found that 10 min of incubation in 10 pM ANG II stimulated activity of wild-type pumps from 2.3 to 3.5 nmol K·mg protein−1·min−1 and increased the amount of the pump in the plasma membrane by 80% but had no effect on cells expressing the S938A mutant. We conclude that acute stimulation of Na-K pump activity in native rat proximal tubules includes increased trafficking to the plasma membrane and that phosphorylation at Ser938 is part of the mechanism by which ANG II directly stimulates activity and trafficking of the rat kidney Na-K pump in opossum kidney cells.

scholarly journals Fatty acids stimulate activity and restore respiratory control in a proton channel mutant of cytochromecoxidase

FEBS Letters ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 393 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Fetter ◽  
Martyn Sharpe ◽  
Jie Qian ◽  
Denise Mills ◽  
Shelagh Ferguson-Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Respiratory Control ◽  
Proton Channel ◽  
Stimulate Activity

scholarly journals Signalling: basics and evolution.

2004 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J P Williams
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Cellular Activity ◽  
Stimulate Activity ◽  
General Metabolism ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Transfer Of Information ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Source Of Information

Signalling concerns the transfer of information from one body, a source, to another, a receiver in order to stimulate activity. The problem arises with the word information. It is defined as what is transferred in a sequence of things, say between people, e.g. words or signs. The idea of signalling between people is then obvious but it is not clear in cell biology. Information transfer, signalling, is required for the organisation of all cellular activity but we must ask what is transferred and how is it transmitted and received? Sometimes it is assumed that all information, i.e. organisation in a cell, is represented in the DNA sequence. This is incorrect. We shall show that the environment is a second source of information concerning material and energy. The receiving party from both DNA and the environment is general metabolism. The metabolism then signals back and sends information to both DNA and uptake from the environment. Even then energy is needed with machinery to send out all signals. This paper examines the way signalling evolved from prokaryotes through to man. In this process the environmental information received increased to the extent that finally the brain is a phenotypic as much as a genotypic organ within a whole organism. By phenotypic we mean it is organised by and interactive with information from the environment.

scholarly journals Using a game computer to stimulate activity at home in heart failure patients. The study design

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonie Verheijden Klompstra ◽  
Anna Strömberg ◽  
Andrea Turolla ◽  
Tiny Jaarsma
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Stimulate Activity ◽  
Heart Failure Patients ◽  
At Home

Experimental modifications and changes with age in pineal succinic dehydrogenase activity

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (5) ◽  
pp. 951-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Quay
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Stimulate Activity ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Cortex Area ◽  
Increased Activity

Pineal succinic dehydrogenase was determined by means of reduction of 2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride and colorimetry. Studies employing over 3300 rats, primarily of the Long-Evans strain, demonstrate that: a) Al+++ and Ca++ promote and Cu++, malonate, iodine and hydroquinone inhibit enzyme activity in vitro; b) enzyme activity more than doubles in both sexes during the first 6 weeks postnatally with some reduction probable in about 1 year; c) pineal activity equals 50% of that of liver, 75% of tela chorioidea IV, 90% of cerebral cortex (area 18) and 160% of hypophyseal posterior lobe; d) norepinephrine or DOPA injection is usually followed (1–8 hours) by increased pineal activity; e) Dibenamine alone may depress activity after 18–19 hours but when followed by norepinephrine, DOPA, epinephrine, ephedrine, amphetamine or serotonin (4–6 hr. before autopsy) potentiates increased activity; f) Marsilid alone may stimulate activity (18 1/2–20 hr.) but when followed by norepinephrine, or DOPA potentiates decreased activity; g) extensive negative results with modifications in thyroid, adrenal cortical and gonadal endocrines do not support beliefs in pineal regulation by these pituitary-dependent systems. The hypothesis is advanced that the mammalian pineal is functionally involved with central mechanisms concerned with the metabolism and/or actions of certain neurohumoral amines.

GABAergic Agonists (“Anxiolytics”)

2018 ◽  
pp. 146-151
Author(s):  
S. Nassir Ghaemi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Pharmacology ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Gaba Receptors ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Gaba A ◽  
Stimulate Activity

The drug class of GABAergic agonists includes the agents that are benzodiazepines and most hypnotic agents. Gamma amino-butyric acid (GABA) receptors are distributed throughout the neocortex, and have a general inhibitory effect on brain activity. All benzodiazepines have the same basic mechanism of activity. Their differences involved their pharmacokinetics; namely, their half-life and speed of onset. They also differ in potency of affect. Benzodiazepines are the classic group of medications that have primarily anti-anxiety effects. Mechanistically, they are GABAergic agonists. In this effect, they stimulate activity at the GABA-a receptor. The clinical pharmacology of specific agents within each class, including efficacy and side effects, is explored. Specific phenomena surveyed include withdrawal, tolerance, and addiction. The limited efficacy of hypnotic agents is scrutinized.

scholarly journals GURU DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR AGAMA ANAK TUNA GRAHITA

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Etik Kurniawati
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Teacher Motivation ◽  
Religious Instruction ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Stimulate Activity ◽  
Mentally Disabled ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Important Character

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Religious Education given to children with intellectual challenges are di? erent from normal children in general. Th e di? erence is not in its subject matter, but in terms of the extent and development of materials of religious education tailored to the child’s ability. A Mentally dissabled child is not easy to be educated about the teaching of religion, because the limitations in capturing the religious instruction and behavior di? erent from normal children. Teachers have an important character such as a motivator. Teachers should be able to increase or stimulate activity, provide encouragement, as a good example, as well as providing facilities for students to have a passion in studying religion, especially in the process of learning in children with intellectual challenges who have mental conditions that are di? erent from normal children. Th erefore, it is important for teachers to give encouragement or stimulus that they have a passion and interest in the study of religion.</p><p>Keywords: <em>Teacher, Motivation, Mentally disabled.</em></p>

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