The Functional Neuroarchitecture of Evaluative Processes

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary G. Berntson ◽  
John T. Cacioppo
Keyword(s):  
Evaluative Processes

Different Forms of Work Satisfaction

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Büssing ◽  
Thomas Bissels
Keyword(s):  
Work Satisfaction ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Work Situation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Global Satisfaction ◽  
Evaluative Processes ◽  
The Right ◽  
Level Of Aspiration

The extended model of different forms of work satisfaction ( Büssing, 1991 ), originally proposed by Bruggemann (1974) , is suggested as a distinctive qualitative approach to work satisfaction. Six forms of work satisfaction—progressive, stabilized, resigned satisfaction, constructive, fixated, resigned dissatisfaction—are derived from the constellation of four constituent variables: comparison of the actual work situation and personal aspirations, global satisfaction, changes in level of aspiration, controllability at work. Preliminary evidence from semi-structured interviews with 46 nurses shows that the dynamic model is headed in the right direction (qualitative differentiation of consistently high propertions of satisfied employees, uncovering processes of person-work situation interaction). Qualitative methods demonstrated their usefulness in accessing underlying cognitive and evaluative processes of the forms, which are often neglected by traditional attitude-based satisfaction research.

scholarly journals Mediating Access: The Utilization of Status Evaluation Processes in the Work of Bouncing

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-62
Author(s):  
Sarah McLennan-Dillabough
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Social World ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Violent Behaviour ◽  
Sociological Knowledge ◽  
Grounded Theory Study ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Status Characteristic ◽  
Evaluative Processes

Evaluative processes play a central role in our social world. These processes are especially salient in the work of bouncing, the work carried out by security staff at establishments licensed to serve alcohol. Bouncers have the power to admit or deny patrons who seek admittance to bars and nightclubs. Although the continual evaluation of patrons’ statuses (including their social status, race, and age) is common in this line of work, little sociological research has focused on these processes. Using interviews and participant observations, this article provides a grounded theory study that aims to expand the sociological knowledge about evaluative processes in the work of bouncing. This article argues that bouncers rely on socially constructed stereotypes in their evaluations of patron attitude and dress, associating certain attitudes and dress with violent behaviour. Bouncers’ reliance on status characteristic stereotypes systematically excludes classes and races of patrons who are perceived to have characteristics associated with violence.

scholarly journals Perceived fatigue does not alter effort-based decision making, but does undermine confidence in the ability to perform physical actions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Greenhouse-Tucknott ◽  
James Graeme Wrightson ◽  
Sam Berens ◽  
Jeanne Dekerle ◽  
Neil Andrew Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Monetary Incentives ◽  
Choice Behaviour ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Evaluative Processes

Introduction: Protracted physical exertion leads to the development of fatigue. The development of fatigue has previously been associated with increased effort costs, influencing decisions to engage in further physical activity. However, whether fatigue-associated changes to effort-based decisions are reflective of a global aversion to effort in response to fatiguing physical exertion, affecting the decision to engage in physical action performed in other parts of the body, is unclear. Methods: To investigate this, we tested whether effort-based choice behaviour was altered by fatigue, pre-induced through physical exertion of a different body part. Twenty-two healthy male participants made a series of choices between two rewarded actions, which varied in both the level of effort required (relative duration of a submaximal contraction of the dominant knee extensors) and reward obtained (monetary incentives). Participants made their choice under two conditions: 1) a pre-induced state of fatigue and 2) a rested (control) state. Results: Across conditions, participants’ choice behaviour demonstrated the anticipated aversion to effort that interacted with the level of reward on offer. However, though prior physical exertion increased the perception of fatigue, prolonged choice selection-time and reduced self-reported confidence in ability to perform chosen effort-demanding actions, participants choice behaviour did not significantly differ between the two conditions. Conclusions:. The findings suggest that a subjective state of fatigue does not increase the general cost of exerting effort across the body but does increase uncertainty within decision-making processes which may alter evaluative processes that precede changes in cost/benefit computations.

scholarly journals Red Brain, Blue Brain: Evaluative Processes Differ in Democrats and Republicans

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e52970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Schreiber ◽  
Greg Fonzo ◽  
Alan N. Simmons ◽  
Christopher T. Dawes ◽  
Taru Flagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evaluative Processes ◽  
Democrats And Republicans

Program evaluation practices and the training of PhD students in STEM

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip M. Reeves ◽  
Jennifer Claydon ◽  
Glen A. Davenport
Keyword(s):  
Program Evaluation ◽  
Graduate Program ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Training Models ◽  
Program Testing ◽  
Stem Programs ◽  
Evaluative Processes ◽  
Faculty And Administrators

Purpose Program evaluation stands as an evidence-based process that would allow institutions to document and improve the quality of graduate programs and determine how to respond to growing calls for aligning training models to economic realities. This paper aims to present the current state of evaluation in research-based doctoral programs in STEM fields. Design/methodology/approach To highlight the recent evaluative processes, the authors restricted the initial literature search to papers published in English between 2008 and 2019. As the authors were motivated by the shift at NIH, this review focuses on STEM programs, though papers on broader evaluation efforts were included as long as STEM-specific results could be identified. In total, 137 papers were included in the final review. Findings Only nine papers presented an evaluation of a full program. Instead, papers focused on evaluating individual components of a graduate program, testing small interventions or examining existing national data sets. The review did not find any documents that focused on the continual monitoring of training quality. Originality/value This review can serve as a resource, encourage transparency and provide motivation for faculty and administrators to gather and use assessment data to improve training models. By understanding how existing evaluations are conducted and implemented, administrators can apply evidence-based methodologies to ensure the highest quality training to best prepare students.

Evaluative Processes

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary G. Berntson ◽  
Greg J. Norman ◽  
John T. Cacioppo
Keyword(s):  
Evaluative Processes

scholarly journals Initial Networking Processes of Student Entrepreneurs: The Role of Action and Evaluation

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariëtte Kaandorp ◽  
Elco van Burg ◽  
Tomas Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Student Entrepreneurs ◽  
Emergent Literature ◽  
Evaluative Processes ◽  
Entrepreneurial Networking

We study initial entrepreneurial networking, and describe it as a process of initiating, reacting, and evaluating networking. Our study of student entrepreneurs’ weekly diaries particularly points at the interaction of networking actions and cognitive evaluations. We introduce the concept of network momentum, which refers to the entrepreneur’s perception that the network starts to exist without the immediate effort of the entrepreneur, and we analyze the processes that lead to the establishment of network momentum. Our study contributes to the emergent literature on entrepreneurial networking and the role of cognitive evaluative processes in particular.

Co-occurrence of social anxiety and depression symptoms in adolescence: differential links with implicit and explicit self-esteem?

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. de Jong ◽  
B. E. Sportel ◽  
E. de Hullu ◽  
M. H. Nauta
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Evaluative Processes ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

BackgroundSocial anxiety and depression often co-occur. As low self-esteem has been identified as a risk factor for both types of symptoms, it may help to explain their co-morbidity. Current dual process models of psychopathology differentiate between explicit and implicit self-esteem. Explicit self-esteem would reflect deliberate self-evaluative processes whereas implicit self-esteem would reflect simple associations in memory. Previous research suggests that low explicit self-esteem is involved in both social anxiety and depression whereas low implicit self-esteem is only involved in social anxiety. We tested whether the association between symptoms of social phobia and depression can indeed be explained by low explicit self-esteem, whereas low implicit self-esteem is only involved in social anxiety.MethodAdolescents during the first stage of secondary education (n=1806) completed the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) to measure symptoms of social anxiety and depression, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) to index explicit self-esteem and the Implicit Association Test (IAT) to measure implicit self-esteem.ResultsThere was a strong association between symptoms of depression and social anxiety that could be largely explained by participants' explicit self-esteem. Only for girls did implicit self-esteem and the interaction between implicit and explicit self-esteem show small cumulative predictive validity for social anxiety, indicating that the association between low implicit self-esteem and social anxiety was most evident for girls with relatively low explicit self-esteem. Implicit self-esteem showed no significant predictive validity for depressive symptoms.ConclusionsThe findings support the view that both shared and differential self-evaluative processes are involved in depression and social anxiety.

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