Luther, Martin (1483–1546)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Higton
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Good Works ◽  
Protestant Churches ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Church Hierarchy ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Justification By Faith ◽  
The Holy Spirit

Martin Luther was an Augustinian monk who found the theology and penitential practices of his times inadequate for overcoming fears about his salvation. He turned first to a theology of humility, whereby confession of one’s own utter sinfulness is all that God asks, and then to a theology of justification by faith, in which human beings are seen as incapable of any turning towards God by their own efforts. Without preparation on the part of sinners, God turns to them and destroys their trust in themselves, producing within them trust in his promises made manifest in Jesus Christ. Regarding them in unity with Christ, God treats them as if they had Christ’s righteousness: he ‘justifies’ them. Faith is produced in the sinner by the Word of God concerning Jesus Christ in the Bible, and by the work of the Holy Spirit internally showing the sinner the true subject matter of the Bible. It is not shaped by philosophy, since faith’s perspective transcends and overcomes natural reason. Faith, through the working of God’s Holy Spirit within the believer, naturally produces good works, but justification is not dependent upon them – they are free expressions of faith in love. Nevertheless, secular government with its laws and coercion is still necessary in this world because there are so few true Christians. Luther’s theology brought him into conflict with the Church hierarchy and was instrumental in the instigation of the Reformation, in which the Protestant churches split from Rome.

scholarly journals Pemahaman Guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen tentang Mempersembahkan Tubuh Roma 12:1-3

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Andrianus Nababan
Keyword(s):  
Christian Education ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Holy Spirit ◽  
The Body ◽  
Education Teacher ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
The Mind

AbstrackThe Christian religious education teacher is an educator who provides knowledge about Christianity based on the Bible, centered on Jesus Christ, and relied on the Holy Spirit. Christian Religious Education teachers must be able to offer their bodies in Romans 12:1-3. The understanding of offering the body include: 1)the Christian religious education teacher always i approaches the loving and generous God 2)give advice by encouraging, directing convey the truth of God's Words. 3). renewal of the mind by distinguishing which is good and pleasing to God. Thus, each Christian religious education teacher can understand that a true educator must surrender his/her body as a true offering according to will of God.Key word: Christian education teacher; Offering the body Romans 12:1-3.ABSTRAKGuru Pendidikan Agama Kristen merupakan seorang pendidik yang memberikan ilmu pengetahuan tentang agama Kristen yang berdasarkan Alkitab, berpusat pada Yesus Kristus, dan bergantung pada Roh Kudus kepada peserta didik dalam kegiatan belajarmengajar. Guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen harus mampu mempersembahkan tubuhnya dalam Roma 12:1-3 sebagai ibadah sejati. Pemahaman mempersembahkan tubuh yaitu 1)guru Pendidikan agama Kristen senantiasa menghampiri Allah yang penuh kasih dan kemurahan 2)memberikan nasihat dengan mendorong, mengarahkan dan berdasarkan kebenaran Firman Tuhan. 3)pembaharuan budi dengan membedakan mana yang baik dan yang berkenan kepada Allah. Demikian Guru Pendidikan Agama kristen mampu memahami mempersembahkan tubuh menyangkut kehendak Allah sebagai pendidik yang sejati.Kata Kunci: Guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen; Mempersembahkan tubuh.

scholarly journals Kristologi Biblika Menurut Kaum Reformed Sebagai Salah Satu Dasar Apologetika Dalam Menghadapi Pengajaran Gnostik Di Era Postmodern

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-128
Author(s):  
Marlon Butarbutar
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
God's Will ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
Correct Understanding ◽  
Eternal Salvation ◽  
The Church

Kristologi adalah merupakan pokok terpenting dalam ajaran iman Kristen. Kristologi juga bisa disebut sebagai pusat kekristenan itu sendiri, dengan itu kristologi adalah pusat dari ilmu theologia. Karenanya mempelajari Pribadi dan karya Kristus, berarti sedang berada pada pusat theologi Kristen. Yesus Kristuslah yang memberikan identitas kepada kekristenan, yang sekaligus membedakannya dari agama atau kepercayaan yang lain. Keistimewaan doktrin ini terletak dalam pribadi dan karya Yesus Kristus sebagai Tuhan yang menjadi finalitas jalan menuju kepada keselamatan yang kekal. Pemahaman yang benar terhadap doktrin kristologi tidak lepas dari pengetahuan yang sehat terhadap Alkitab, sebab Alkitablah satu-satunya sumber utama yang dengan jujur dan terbuka memberikan kesaksian mengenai pribadi Yesus sebagai juruselamat dunia. Memang realita historis tulisan-tulisan di dalam Alkitab itu ditulis oleh manusia, akan tetapi proses penulisannya diilhami oleh Allah melalui pimpinan Roh Kudus sehingga apa yang diucapkan atau ditulis sesuai dengan kehendak Tuhan (bnd. 2Tim 3:16). Alkitab secara keseluruhan dipercaya dengan akurat dalam mengambarkan Yesus Kristus. Akan tetapi dalam prosesnya banyak ditemukan bahwa kristologi yang dihasilkan bertentangan dengan Alkitab. Sejarah membuktikan bahwa gereja selalu berhadapan dengan pengajaran-pengajaran sesat yang menyerang gereja dari dalam. Dalam hal ini berbentuk ajaran-ajaran (doktrin) yang menyesatkan atau bidat-bidat yang menyelewengkan ajaran murni Alkitab. Bahaya ajaran-ajaran sesat ini tidak saja timbul pada abad-abad belakangan ini, melainkan sudah ada sejak gereja didirikan. Karenanya penulis hendak menguraikan kristologi yang akan menjadi dasar apologetika di era postmodern sekarang ini.   Christology is the most important point in the teachings of the Christian faith. Christology can also be called the center of Christianity itself, so that Christology is the center of theological science. Therefore studying the Person and work of Christ, means being at the center of Christian theology. It is Jesus Christ who gives identity to Christianity, which also distinguishes it from other religions or beliefs. The specialty of this doctrine lies in the person and work of Jesus Christ as Lord who becomes the finality of the path to eternal salvation. A correct understanding of the doctrine of Christology is inseparable from a healthy knowledge of the Bible, because the Bible is the only major source that honestly and openly testifies about the person of Jesus as the savior of the world. Indeed the historical reality of the writings in the Bible was written by humans, but the process of writing was inspired by God through the leadership of the Holy Spirit so that what was said or written was according to God's will (cf. 2Tim 3:16). The Bible as a whole is believed to be accurate in describing Jesus Christ. However, in the process it was found that the resulting christology was in conflict with the Bible. History proves that the church is always dealing with false teachings that attack the church from within. In this case the form of teachings (doctrines) are misleading or heretics who distort the pure teachings of the Bible. The danger of these heresies has not only arisen in recent centuries, but has existed since the church was founded. Therefore the author wants to elaborate on the Christology that will be the basis of apologetics in the current postmodern era.

The Spirit

2019 ◽  
pp. 293-308
Author(s):  
Wolf Krötke
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Karl Barth ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
Doctrine Of The Trinity ◽  
The One ◽  
Bear Witness ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Trinity

This chapter presents Barth’s understanding of the Holy Spirit as the Spirit of Jesus Christ. It demonstrates the way in which Barth’s pneumatology is anchored in his doctrine of the Trinity: the Holy Spirit is understood as the Spirit of the Father and of the Son, the One whose essence is love. But Barth can also speak of the Holy Spirit in such a way that it seems as if the Holy Spirit is identical to the work of the risen Jesus Christ and his ‘prophetic’ work. The reception of the pneumatology of Karl Barth thus confronts the task of relating these dimensions of Barth’s understanding of the Holy Spirit so that the Spirit’s distinct work is preserved. For Barth, this work consists in enabling human beings to respond in faith, with their human possibilities and their freedom, to God’s reconciliation in Jesus Christ. In this faith, the Holy Spirit incorporates human beings into the community of Jesus Christ—the community participates in the reconciling work of God in order to bear witness to God’s work to human beings, all of whom have been elected to ‘partnership’ with God. Barth also understood the ‘solidarity’ of the community with, and the advocacy of the community for, the non-believing world to be a nota ecclesiae (mark of the church). Further, to live from the Holy Spirit, according to Barth, is only possible in praying for the coming of the Holy Spirit.

Reply to Irving, “One Word, many wordings”

2019 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 257-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Holy Spirit ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Divine Inspiration ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
The Relationship

Alex Irving has written a considered and informed response, from the perspective of a systematic theologian, to my own initial article which challenged several British evangelical organisations to specify exactly which books and wordings are the products of divine inspiration. Irving’s response consists of two key arguments. Firstly, he argues that the theory of revelation which I think is held by evangelicals is flawed. However, as I think that my understanding of Evangelicalism’s view of the relationship between the Bible and revelation is correct, it seems to me that Irving is actually critiquing the movement he theoretically represents. Secondly, Irving argues for a ‘personalist’ theory of the relationship between the Bible and revelation. His theory parallels twentieth-century neo-orthodoxy in that it views the Bible as a witness to revelation and a vehicle through which the Holy Spirit reveals Jesus Christ; which stands in contrast to the evangelical belief that the Bible is itself revelation. Thus, whilst his own theory may be very good, it is decidedly not ‘evangelical’ and therefore misses the point of my initial article, i.e., it does not justify how the evangelical doctrine of scripture can be maintained in light of the challenges I raised.

scholarly journals ‘n Homilie oor geloofsonderskeiding in ‘n akkoord van drie

2012 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Christo Van der Merwe
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Peter 2 ◽  
The Road ◽  
1 Peter ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Cross

A homily on discernment of faith in a chord of three. This article reflects on discernment as a key Christian faith practice of the believing community that wants to live according to its vision and mission as articulated in 1 Peter 2:21: To this you were called, because Christ suffered for you, leaving you an example, that you should follow in his steps. This homily is presented as a chord consisting of three notes that entices the readers to contribute their own harmonies – to witness to their own contexts of tension between true and false prophecy, to choose for God’s presence in Jesus Christ and to perservere as followers of Jesus amid the coldness and cruelty of this world. These disciples choose Jesus in spite of the chaos in their own lives and in their world. A similar choice was made by one of the criminals on the cross alongside Jesus (Lk 23:42). The three notes that make up the chord are: discernment on the basis of the Bible with the guidance of the Holy Spirit in order to distinguish the will of God for the road ahead.

scholarly journals Die betroubaarheid van die apostels en hulle getuienis volgens 2 Petrus 1:3-4 en die betekenis daarvan vir die geskrifte van die Nuwe Testament: ‘n Eksegetiese studie

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Douw G. Breed
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Peter 1 ◽  
Divine Power ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
God's Grace ◽  
2 Peter

The reliability of the apostles and their testimony according to 2 Peter 1:3–4 and its significance for the writings of the New Testament: An exegetical study. In this exegetical article, it is shown that, in 2 Peter 1:3–4, Peter indicates that the apostles were reliable witnesses of Jesus Christ. As the New Testament writings are bearers of the apostolic testimony, 2 Peter 1:3–4 also provides important testimony regarding the Bible and, in particular, regarding the New Testament. The aim of this article is to show that, according to 2 Peter 1:3–4, the apostles and their testimony are reliable and that these testimonies are significant for the writings of the New Testament. This study follows an exegetical method and follows the grammatical-historical model. From 2 Peter 1:3–4, it is clear that the reliability of the apostles is the result of divine power. Jesus Christ worked through his Spirit with divine power in the apostles. Through the Holy Spirit, Jesus Christ provides the apostles with everything that leads to true life, as well as to godliness. To the apostles, this was all given within their intimate and personal relationship with the glorified Christ. According to 2 Peter 1:3–4, Jesus Christ himself called his apostles to proclaim the message of God’s grace. As eye- and earwitnesses of Jesus Christ’s divine power, they could reliably reveal the meaning of what they witnessed of him. In 2 Peter 1:3–4, Peter testifies that the apostles received promises from Jesus Christ. These are great promises that have profound significance for anyone who accepts them in faith.Contribution: The contribution of this article is to show that 2 Peter 1:3–4 gives important information about the reliability of the apostles and their testimony.

scholarly journals The Living Word

Kairos ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Monika Bajić
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Faith Community ◽  
Word Of God ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Church

The Bible, which is indisputable regarded as the inspired word of God, is written under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit. Man, as an earthen vessel, was used by the Holy Spirit to pen the revelation of God’s truth in Jesus Christ. The Holy Scriptures are “God breathed” words to the Church and are key in interpreting and fulfilling God’s telos for creation. This write-up wishes to emphasize and survey the critical role of the Holy Spirit in the Scriptures. Due to the inspiring role of the Spirit, the word of God is not a dead letter, rather a life-giving word that spills new life into the believer and the Church. Precisely this connection of Spirit and letter marks the Holy Scripture as living and active and conveys the desired transformative dimension for the individual believer and the faith community.

scholarly journals Peranan Emotional Spritual Quotient (ESQ) Dalam Doing Theology

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-87
Author(s):  
Obet Nego Nego ◽  
Debby Christ Mondolu
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Spiritual Intelligence ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
Name Of God

Dalam berteologi, Allah adalah sumber teologi, pokok teologi dan tujuan teologi. Dalam hal ini, Allah membuat manusia mempelajari-Nya di dalam Alkitab (Sola Scriptura), dan Roh Kudus yang menyingkapkan kebenaran-Nya sehingga menimbulkan iman di dalam diri umat-Nya (Sola Fide) kepada Allah dan kebenaran-Nya yang final, yaitu Tuhan Yesus Kristus saja (Sola Christo). Akhirnya, memimpin umat-Nya kepada diri-Nya sendiri dan demi kemuliaan nama Allah (Soli Deo Gloria). Dalam karya tulis memandang prinsip-prinsip dalam konsep Emotional Spiritual Quotient (ESQ) penting untuk diintegrasikan ke dalam doing theology atau berteologi. Dalam upaya mensinergiskan kecerdasan intelektual, emosi dan spiritual dalam berteologi yang teosentris, di mana kecerdasan spiritual (SQ) menjadi pusat kecerdasan.   In theology, God is the source of theology, theology and the aim of theology. In this case, God made people study Him in the Bible (Sola Scriptura), and the Holy Spirit who revealed His truth so as to cause faith in His people (Sola Fide) in God and His final truth, namely God Jesus Christ alone (Sola Christo). Finally, leading His people to Himself and for the glory of the name of God (Soli Deo Gloria). In writing, the principles in the concept of Emotional Spiritual Quotient (ESQ) are important to be integrated into doing theology or doing theology. In an effort to synergize intellectual, emotional and spiritual intelligence in a theocentric theology, where spiritual intelligence (SQ) becomes the center of intelligence.

scholarly journals Głoszenie ewangelii nadziei w świetle adhortacji „Ecclesia in Europa”

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Henryk Sławiński
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Worth Living ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Life Worth Living ◽  
Primary Element ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Waves ◽  
The Church

The article deals with the preaching of hope, taking into consideration the apostolic exhortation of John Paul II, Ecclesia in Europa. The main reasons of the spiritual crisis in Europe and the loss of hope among it’s inhabitants might be seen in: living as if God does not exist, hedonism and consumerism. In consequence a man more fears the future then desires it. In this situation the Church is being urged to fulfil her joyful duty of preaching the gospel of hope, i.e. Jesus Christ the Lord. He is the hope for the whole world. He allows the discovery of the truth and gives the ultimate reason for life worth living. The church gives witness of its hope in Jesus Christ. The preaching of the Church is to be understood not only as the deliverance of some religious information, but as the power of God, because Christ is present in his word and in the Church’s preaching. From a pastoral perspective, preaching is to be considered the primary action of the church, whereas from the perspective of intentionality, the primary element of the church’s activity must be the celebration of the sacraments. The weakness of our preaching lays not in the lack of the orthodoxy, but in too weak an emphasis of the positive aspects of the proclamation of the gospel. The most extensive danger for preaching is the concentration on evil in the world and the fruitless abomination. Only the preaching born with hope may set the preacher and his listeners on fire. Preaching of hope has in itself something from the Holy Spirit, it is dynamic and shows that Jesus is present in his Church and in the history of human beings, although it may seem otherwise, that He is not present or asleep, leaving the boat of the Church to the power of the wrath of the waves.

scholarly journals TINJAUAN KONSEP IMAGO DEI IRENAEUS DAN THOMAS DARI PERSPEKTIF YOHANES CALVIN SERTA DAMPAKNYA BAGI ZAMAN PASCA MILLENIAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-182
Author(s):  
Tumpal Hutahaean
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Imago Dei ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
The Right

This article seeks to express the uniqueness of John Calvin's understanding of the meaning of Imago Dei as his reaction to the understanding of the theologians of Irenaeus and Medieval Scholastic Aquinas, then to explain the implications of Imago Dei theologically in the context of God's creation along with its significance on self-identity in the digital age. Calvin restores Imago Dei's view back to the bible. His thesis is human must have the right knowledge about God and himself. It is only through Jesus Christ and His word can a man be renewed and knows himself as Imago Dei, so that he can glorify God again. And it is only through the work of the Holy Spirit can man reflects God in this world. KEYWORDS: Imago Dei; total depravity; redemption; renewal; knowing oneself.

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