The Average Worker and the Types

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-121
Author(s):  
F. Zweig
Keyword(s):  
Average Worker

scholarly journals Overcoming the capital investment hurdle in worker-controlled firms

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-150
Author(s):  
Guy Major ◽  
Jonathan Preminger
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Employee Ownership ◽  
Workplace Democracy ◽  
Equity Investment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Worker Ownership ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
Average Worker

Purpose Both the academic literature and practitioners have long noted the need for an equity investment mechanism for worker-controlled firms that alleviates investor anxieties without undermining internal workplace democracy. The purpose of this paper is to outline one such possible mechanism. Design/methodology/approach The proposal locks together the interests of workers and external investors, via non-voting shares with dividends set by a pre-agreed value-added sharing formula. Each worker is paid a base wage, with the average across the firm being a pre-defined multiple of the national minimum wage. Any additional surplus is split into a number of equal “slices”, with each share receiving one slice as its dividend, and the average worker receiving a pre-agreed number of slices as a bonus. Findings Workers have an incentive to maximise their own incomes, and in so doing, will also automatically maximise the dividends received by investors, obviating the need for the shares to have normal voting rights. Working on this principle of aligned interests, the authors also discuss reinvestment, worker ownership of non-voting shares and possibilities for a secondary share market. The authors show how this proposal will be a significant step in aligning the interests of investors with owner-workers in a democratic, negotiated way that shares both risk and returns, thus making worker-controlled firms more attractive to equity investment. Originality/value In light of the recognised problem of underinvestment in worker-controlled firms and the risk of their degeneration, this paper will interest both academics and practitioners in employee ownership, co-operatives and various forms of workplace democracy.

scholarly journals A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW: SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS FOR TIME-MANAGEMENT IN REMOTE WORK SETTINGS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Gjorgjievski ◽  
◽  
Daniela Karadakov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Virtual Work ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Work Location ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
Average Worker

Ever since the onset of the Internet and the rapid development in communications, a paradigm shift has been occurring between the human resources and the management systems in place. That shift has already rendered plenty of legacy management systems obsolete and ineffective. Evidently, the acceleration of data transfer speeds has produced a side effect in decreasing the location dependency of the average worker in certain industries, which in turn created a new challenge for the contemporary manager especially when dealing with remote teams and time-management of the same. This work-location decoupling meant that new systems had to be created, new studies to be introduced and plenty of modernization to the legacy control systems had to be implemented. And fast! This paper contains a systematic review of available software solutions for time management, location independency, virtual work and work teams and will provide analytic insight.

Exposure and Income: Preliminary Findings on Labor Supply on High Pollution Days

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget Hoffmann ◽  
Juan Pablo Rud
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Pm 2.5 ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
High Pollution ◽  
Average Worker

We study labor supply decisions on days with high levels of air pollution in Mexico City's metropolitan area using hourly levels of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) air pollution at the locality level. We document a negative, non-linear relationship between PM 2.5 levels and daily labor supply, with strong effects on days with extremely high pollution levels. On these days, the average worker experiences a reduction of around 7.5% of working hours. Workers partially compensate for lost hours by increasing their labor supply on days that follow high pollution days. We provide evidence that income constraints may play an important role in workers labor supply decisions, as we find more moderate responses among informal and low-income workers.

Impact of a workplace holiday weight gain prevention program

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark G Wilson ◽  
Heather M Padilla ◽  
Lu Meng ◽  
Carmen N Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
State Government ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Weight Gain Prevention ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Holiday Season ◽  
Average Worker ◽  
Workplace Setting

Background: The average worker gains 2–3 lb (0.9–1.4 kg) a year, about half of which is gained during the fall holiday season (Halloween through New Year’s). Aim: The aim of the study was to conduct a pilot test of a weight gain prevention program that was implemented in a workplace setting during the fall holiday season. Methods: 239 state government employees participated in a weight gain prevention program offered during the fall holiday season. The program was a 10-week, team-based program that consisted of self-monitoring, regular weigh-ins, a team challenge, and organizational support. Weight was measured at baseline, every two weeks during the program, and post-program. Results: Participants lost a significant amount of weight (from 196.7 lb/89.2 kg to 192.3 lb/87.2 kg) during the program. Positive changes were observed in physical activity and eating behaviors. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that a weight gain prevention program during a high risk period (fall holiday season) can be effective.

Accessibility Impacts of Park-and-Ride Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (9) ◽  
pp. 72-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Carlson ◽  
Andrew Owen
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mixed Mode ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Twin Cities ◽  
Park And Ride ◽  
Transit Accessibility ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Morning Commute ◽  
Average Worker

This work presents a methodology for calculating park-and-ride (PNR) accessibility and provides case study results for the Minneapolis–Saint Paul, Minnesota (Twin Cities) facility system. PNR is a form of mixed-mode transit travel which is studied for its impacts on access to opportunities. Regional PNR systems offer a long-standing and widespread example of the collective benefits of mixed-mode travel. The Twin Cities metropolitan region has over 100 PNR facilities that are primarily connected to business districts through express and limited-stop transit service. PNR trip types require automobile and transit travel time matrices to link across space and time to capture mixed-mode travel characteristics. The resulting matrix is used in a cumulative accessibility analysis in which total jobs accessible within a travel time threshold is the variable of interest. Experimental results indicate that PNR facilities affect the suburban transit accessibility profile more than exurban or urban areas during the morning commute. The average worker-weighted job accessibility for a 30-min PNR trip increases by 230% from the comparable walk-to-transit measure. The transit accessibility made available through PNR facilities highlights the need to include PNR trip types in transit accessibility analyses and suggests that current methods underestimate transit accessibility in suburban regions.

scholarly journals O1E.5 Short-term disability leave and employment termination: using marginal structural models to estimate counterfactual risks

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A12.1-A12
Author(s):  
Sally Picciotto ◽  
Andreas Neophytou ◽  
Mark Cullen ◽  
Ellen Eisen
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Light Metal ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Disability Leave ◽  
Employment Termination ◽  
Medical Issues ◽  
Hourly Employees ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Average Worker

IntroductionShort-term disability leave can be considered as a measure of not being well enough to work. The American Manufacturing Cohort, followed 1996–2013, consists of employees of a light-metal company that provided short-term disability insurance to all employees: coverage to replace wages for up to 6 months of work absence due to medical issues. We hypothesized that since brief short-term disability leave allows workers time to recover from illness or injury without losing their jobs, it should be protective against employment termination.MethodsWe analyzed 18 386 (83% male, 80% white) hourly employees. We censored workers once their accumulated disability leave exceeded 6 weeks because longer time spent on short-term disability leave suggests more serious illness or injury that may prevent return to work. To analyze the effect of short-term disability leave on employment termination, we applied a marginal structural pooled logistic model that allowed for a time-varying hazard function. We adjusted for time-varying confounding by occupational exposures and health-related variables using inverse probability weighting. Using the estimated coefficients, we compared the predicted probabilities (by person-month) of terminating employment with the corresponding counterfactual probabilities if the worker had never taken disability leave. These probabilities yielded estimated survival curves under the two scenarios.ResultsThe average worker was followed for 5.5 years. Approximately 42% of the workers took at least one day of disability leave, and 48% terminated employment during follow-up. We estimated that 1058 (29%) more workers would have terminated employment within 5 years from cohort entry if the company had had no disability leave benefit than were predicted under the natural course.ConclusionShort-term disability leave is a potentially relevant health variable for occupational epidemiologists. This analysis suggests that short-term disability leave can help employees retain their jobs when a temporary health issue prevents them from working.

Maximum permissible weight to be carried on the head by a male worker from eastern India

1975 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Datta ◽  
B. B. Chatterjee ◽  
B. N. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Male Worker ◽  
Healthy Adult Male ◽  
Average Worker ◽  
Indian Male

Six healthy adult male Indian workers whose physical characteristics resembled those of the average worker from eastern India, were required to carry compact loads of 20, 30, 40, and 50 kg at a speed of 5 km/h on separate days. From observations on energy expenditures, of peak pulse rates, and of the patterns of recovery pulse rates, it was decided that for the average eastern Indian male worker the permissible weight of a compact load for manual carriage on a hard, level terrain should not ordinarily be more than 30 kg.

Influence of Job Satisfaction on Employees’performance in MTN Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Adigun, A. O. ◽  
Rotimi, I. A ◽  
Hamzat, B. S
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Average Worker ◽  
Productivity Gains ◽  
The Relationship

Organization usually sees an average worker as the source of quality and productivity gains. Any organization that does not put the welfare of its employee first such organization is endangering its performance and productivity. The study examines the relationship between job satisfaction and employees’ performance and the relationship between job satisfaction and employees’ commitment. The sample size used for the study was drawn from the staff of MTN Nigeria. A structured questionnaires were then used to elicit data from these staff.The chi-square was used to analyse the elicited data and the study findings revealed that job satisfaction has significance influence on both employee performance andemployees’ commitment. Thus, the study recommends that organisations should intensify efforts in the area of non-financial rewards as a mean of influencing greater performance from the employees as well as getting the employees to be committed the organisation.

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