Introduction Defining moments in the history of soccer

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kausik Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Souvik Naha
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
John Coakley ◽  
Jennifer Todd

This chapter traces the history of the relationship between the two communities in Northern Ireland and the tension between the British and Irish governments within which it was traditionally embedded. It documents the process of incremental—and sometimes radical—societal change that has transformed the nature of the conflict, as the overwhelmingly dominant position of the unionist community has been replaced by a more evenly balanced relationship. Associated with this has been the evolution of institutional machinery designed to facilitate conflict resolution and the emergence of effective channels of communication between British and Irish elites. The chapter describes the manner in which the testimonies of these elites were collected as part of research on the process of negotiation of peace in Northern Ireland. It assesses the value of elite interviews and witness seminars as significant source material for social science research.


2019 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 1950003
Author(s):  
Janko Šćepanović

The Six Day War was one of the most defining moments in the history of the Modern Middle East. This paper seeks to add to the existing scholarship on the subject by going beyond the structural explanation. It gives special attention to the role of unit-level variables like perception, personality, and political psychology of decision-makers. As one scholar noted, threats are not perceived in a vacuum, and are, instead, products of complex synthesis of subjective appraisal of events by the decision-makers. The focus will be on the beliefs and perceptions of the most impactful actor in this crisis: Egyptian President Nasser. As will be argued, his decision-making was shaped by his experience with foreign imperialism, a general misconception of super power intentions, an incorrect analogy between two crucial crisis situations with Israel: the February 1960 Rotem Crisis, and the build-up to the June War in 1967, and especially his complicated relations with the US leaders.


Author(s):  
Paweł Sasanka

The article is a brief survey and evaluation of historical research on Poznań 1956 protests, the political change in October 1956, and the year in general. An important gap was filled by the publication of Piotr Grzelczak’s book on the long-term consequences of the Poznań protests, and the conflict over its remembrance between government representatives and local inhabitants of the region, since the protests were one of the defining moments in recent history of Poznań. The article also includes a summary of the controversy between historians over the importance of 1956 as a watershed in Polish history, with some historians arguing that a more liberal image of the communist system in Poland was formed in 1956, while others argued that the communist dictatorship was stabilized by winning wider social support. The author has indicated an increasing separation between narratives about the Poznań protests in June and the political transformations in October, which has consequences and threats related to polarized perception of history, leading to meagre and simplified understanding of social realities of the Polish People’s Republic after 1956.


Author(s):  
Albanese Francesca P ◽  
Takkenberg Lex

This chapter traces the history of the Palestinian refugee question and discusses the main events that created the conditions that enabled the mass displacement of most of the Arab population of Mandate Palestine. The events that befell Palestine between 1947 and 1948, i.e. the decision of the United Nations to partition Palestine and the resultant war, are defining moments of the Palestinian refugee question. Its roots, however, are to be found in the events that preceded and enabled it–starting with the socio-political and economic transformation that occurred in Palestine during the Ottoman Empire (1808–1917) and intensified during the thirty years of the British control over Palestine (1918–1948). It can also be found in the way the League of Nations first, and the United Nations after, attempted to resolve the dispute over Palestine. This historical account is crucial to understanding how international law was central to early attempts at resolving the refugee issue, and how it subsequently became effectively side-lined. The chapter also identifies some elements of continuity between the original displacement (in 1948 and 1967) and the current situation of Palestinians in the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt) and beyond.


2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-355
Author(s):  
Brian E. Daley

It is always exciting to read the retelling of a familiar narrative, whether it is of the early life of Shakespeare, the political careers of Washington and Jefferson, or the story of the development of the classic Christian understanding of the person of Jesus Christ during the first seven or eight centuries of Christianity. In this last case, the reader feels liberated from the weight of inherited pieties, invited to look again at the existing documentation with fresh eyes, urged to reconceive what he imagines to be the implied agenda of the main actors, and their significance for the later history of Christian faith. Christopher Beeley's new book from Yale certainly has this effect on those trained by earlier tellings of the story of early Christology, from Newman to Harnack and Loofs, to Sellers and Grillmeier and Kelly. The heroes and villains, characteristic phrases and defining moments of heresy and orthodoxy, all take on a slightly new form in Christopher's reconstruction – a form centred on the question of how the personal and ontological unity of the Saviour is conceived and emphasised by key Christian authors and principal church synods from the third to the eighth centuries.


2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Chris Powici

AbstractSigmund Freud's analysis of the childhood dream of the Wolf Man, in The History of an Infantile Neurosis, has come to be seen as one of the defining moments of psychoanalysis. Freud interpreted this dream in terms of the Oedipus complex, concluding that the wolves which threatened to devour his patient were, in effect, father-substitutes, the archaic trace in the unconscious of the individual of the threat posed by the tyrannical father of the 'original' human family. In this article I argue that this conclusion conceals a problematic reading, on Freud's part, of the human/animal border, which is evidenced, in The History of an Infantile Neurosis, as well as elsewhere in his writings, as an anxiety as to the ontological status of the human subject and the 'nature' of civilisation, and as a repressed acknowledgement of the animal as sublime presence. However, in trying to negotiate similar questions today, and despite this marked ambivalence toward the 'animal', I also argue that Freud's insight into the mechanisms of repression remains a valuable way of exploring the relationship of the human to the nonhuman.


2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-23
Author(s):  
Riccardo Regis

This paper deals with the concepts of focusing and diffusion and how they interact in the history of a language; whereas the former implies regularity and stability in the use of the code, the latter refers to a situation of great variability . Some defining moments in the history of the Italian language (the Late Middle Ages, the Renaissance and the Unifica- tion of Italy) are here analyzed and discussed in terms of the focusing / diffusion distinction . Moreover, the sociolinguistic situation of contemporary Italian is depicted by fitting these concepts into a Coserian framework, involving such notions as habla (speech), norma (norm) and sistema (system).


Physics World ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 47-48
Author(s):  
Andreas Bauch
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Geoffrey Nowell-Smith

Cinema was the first, and arguably the greatest, of the industrialized art forms that dominated the cultural life of the 20th century. It continues to adapt and grow as new technologies and viewing platforms become available, and remains an integral cultural and aesthetic entertainment experience for people the world over. Cinema developed against the backdrop of the two world wars, and over the years has seen smaller wars, revolutions, and profound social changes, with its history reflecting this. The History of Cinema: A Very Short Introduction looks at the defining moments of the industry, from silent to sound, black and white to colour, and considers its genres from intellectual art house to mass-market entertainment.


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