Communal Relations: Solidarities and Violence

Much research has sought to understand why mixed communities in Indonesia have been torn apart by violent conflict. By contrast, little is known about how people live together successfully in the mixed, low-conflict communities that exist in abundance throughout the Indonesian archipelago. This paper explores the inter-communal relations in the multiethnic, Christian-Muslim coastal village of Oelua in Roti, Nusa Tenggara Timur province. Mechanisms of agreement across ethnic, religious and livelihood differences have shaped and reproduced a low-conflict community — including transfers of land, labour, technology and surplus; use of customary law and conflict management; and social mixing and interpersonal relations. The findings suggest that there are lessons to be learned from communities like Oelua about how to foster social and economic inclusion, which could inform national and regional political agendas concerned with governing difference in a post-New Order Indonesia.

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Christians, Muslims and the State in Twentieth-Century Egypt and Indonesia

Studies in Church History ◽

10.1017/s0424208400050324 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 412-434

Author(s):

Brian Stanley

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Balance Of Power ◽

The State ◽

Religious Communities ◽

Modern World ◽

Christian Communities ◽

Communal Relations ◽

History Of ◽

Muslim Majority ◽

Historical Relationship

Surveys of the historical relationship between Christianity and other faiths often suggest that through a process of theological enlightenment the churches have moved from crusade to cooperation and from diatribe to dialogue. This trajectory is most marked in studies of Christian-Muslim relations, overshadowed as they are by the legacy of the Crusades. Hugh Goddard’sA History of Christian-Muslim Relationsproceeds from a focus on the frequently confrontational inter-communal relations of earlier periods to attempts by Western theologians over the last two centuries to define a more irenic stance towards Islam.1 For liberal-minded Western Christians this is an attractive thesis: who would not wish to assert that we have left bigotry and antagonism behind, and moved on to stances of mutual respect and tolerance? However laudable the concern to promote harmonious intercommunal relations today, dangers arise from trawling the oceans of history in order to catch in our nets only those episodes that will be most morally edifying for the present. What Herbert Butterfield famously labelled ‘the Whig interpretation of history’ is not irrelevant to the history of interreligious relations. In this essay I shall use the experience of Christian communities in twentieth-century Egypt and Indonesia to argue that the determinative influences on Christian-Muslim relations in the modern world have not been the progressive liberalization of stances among academic theologians but rather the changing views taken by governments in Muslim majority states towards both their majority and minority religious communities. Questions of the balance of power, and of the territorial integrity of the state, have affected Christian Muslim relations more deeply than questions of religious truth and concerns for interreligious dialogue.

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Spirit Cults in Yan’an

10.5406/illinois/9780252039881.003.0006 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Ka-ming Wu

Keyword(s):

Rural Area ◽

Spirit Possession ◽

Popular Religion ◽

Folk Religion ◽

Major Site ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

The Public ◽

Communal Relations ◽

New Form

This chapter examines the public secrecy and popularity of spirit cults in Yan'an in the context of the urbanization of the rural area. It first provides an overview of folk popular religion and spirit possession in and out of China before discussing how deity worship figures as a form of unspoken yet widely circulated knowledge, communal bonds, and spiritual services in rural Yan'an. It then considers how spirit cults in Yan'an produce what it calls a “surrogate rural subjectivity” and proceeds by turning to the emergence of women spirit mediums in the 1990s. The chapter argues that, in the context of rapid urbanization, spirit cults provide occasions for the expression of disappearing rural communal relations, folk values, and ritual memories. It also suggests that folk religion now constitutes a new form of rural discourse through which the urbanizing rural subject of China is recognized. Finally, it describes spirit cults as a major site through which rural norms, values, dispositions, and desires are de facto produced and reconstructed in the urbanization of the rural area.

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Elite rivalry could destabilise South Sudan's Dinka

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-db229516 ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Group ◽

Political Elites ◽

General Malaise ◽

Content Type ◽

South Sudanese ◽

Communal Relations ◽

The Government

Subject Tensions among South Sudanese political elites. Significance In January, President Salva Kiir accused his former army chief Paul Malong Awan of fomenting a new rebellion. Even if this latest escalation in the standoff between the former allies does not result in armed hostilities, it could still destabilise the government, as well as communal relations within South Sudan’s majority Dinka ethnic group, to which both men belong. Impacts Salary arrears could accelerate possible army fractures. Unrest in Greater Bahr el Ghazal could aggravate a fragile humanitarian situation. General malaise in government may see further political fissures emerge.

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Sharing the Sacra: The Politics and Pragmatics of Inter Communal Relations around Holy Places G. Bowman (ed.) London: Berghahn Books, 2012. viii + 169 pp. notes on contributors, index. ISBN 978-0857454867. Price US$75.00 (Hc.)

The Australian Journal of Anthropology ◽

10.1111/taja.12133 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 138-140

Author(s):

Erin Fitz-Henry

Keyword(s):

Communal Relations ◽

Holy Places

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RELASI SOSIAL DALAM PENGELOLAAN LAHAN REHABILITASI TAMAN NASIONAL MERU BETIRI (Studi Kasus Desa Wonoasri Kecamatan Tempurejo Kabupaten Jember)

JSEP (Journal of Social and Agricultural Economics) ◽

10.19184/jsep.v13i1.14780 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 99

Author(s):

Zulfidda Lillah ◽

Diah Puspaningrum

Keyword(s):

Social Relations ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

National Park ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Research Area ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Communal Relations ◽

Management Of Rehabilitation ◽

Forest Rehabilitation

Forest rehabilitation in Meru Betiri National Park is the main point in environmental sustainability. Forest land rehabilitation activities include breeding ecosystems for security in the forest. The method of determining the research area is done intentionally (purposive method) and the research method uses a qualitative approach. Determination of informants is done by snowball sampling method. The data collection method was carried out by observation, interview and document study and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman analysis method. The results showed that social relations that occur in the management of rehabilitation have 2 forms of domains, namely 1) interpersonal domains that can be seen with communal relations, collegial relations and hirearkis relations. Judging from its power relations are divided into symmetrical and asymmetrical relationships. Symmetrical relationship occurs between rehab land farmers where rehab land farmers have an equal position can be seen from daily relationships and friendly relations in managing rehabilitation land. Asymmetrical relationship that occurs in the rehabilitation of land management occurs between the TNMB and farmers of the rehabilitation land where the TNMB party has the highest authority in the management of rehabilitation land. Keywords : Social Relation, Rehabilitation land, Meru Betiri National Park

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LEADING INDIAN BUSINESS-GROUPS

MGIMO Review of International Relations ◽

10.24833/2071-8160-2016-3-48-265-272 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 265-272

Author(s):

M. A. Vorobyeva

Keyword(s):

Business Groups ◽

High Rate ◽

High Tech ◽

Horizontal Structure ◽

Goods And Services ◽

Top Managers ◽

Communal Relations ◽

Modern Business ◽

External Economy

The goal of this paper is to investigate the evolution of the leading Indian business-groups under the conditions of economical liberalization. It is shown that the role of modern business-groups in the Indian economy is determined by their high rate in the gross domestic product (GDP), huge overall actives, substantial pert in the e[port of goods and services, as well as by their activities in modern branch structure formatting, and developing labor-intensive and high-tech branches. They strongly influence upon economical national strategies, they became a locomotive of internationalization and of transnationalization of India, the basis of the external economy factor system, the promoters of Indian "economical miracle" on the world scene, and the dynamical segment of economical and social development of modern India. The tendencies of the development of the leading Indian business groups are: gradual concentration of production in few clue sectors, "horizontal" structure, incorporation of the enterprises into joint-stock structure, attraction of hired top-managers and transnationaliziation. But against this background the leading Indian business-groups keep main traditional peculiarities: they mostly still belong to the families of their founders, even today they observe caste or communal relations which are the basis of their non-formal backbone tides, they still remain highly diversificated structures with weak interrelations. Specific national ambivalence and combination of traditions and innovations of the leading Indian business-groups provide their high vitality and stability in the controversial, multiform, overloaded with caste and confessional remains Indian reality. We conclude that in contrast to the dominant opinion transformation of these groups into multisectoral corporations of the western type is far from completion, and in the nearest perspective they will still possess all their peculiarities and incident social and economical "colouring".

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‘A Black Knot’

J. M. Synge ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198862093.003.0004 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 81-108

Author(s):

Seán Hewitt

Keyword(s):

Time Pressure ◽

New Work ◽

Herbert Spencer ◽

Communal Relations ◽

Evolutionary Science ◽

Temporal Dimensions ◽

Literary Output ◽

Time Frames ◽

Formal Innovation ◽

One Act

This chapter develops the tensions inherent in Synge’s early works towards an understanding of his formal innovation, asserting the ‘time pressure’ of his one-act plays as a dimension of his response to modernity. Synge’s drafts for various articles, particularly ‘The Old and New in Ireland’, and an article on social change in Wicklow, combine with his notes on Herbert Spencer and evolutionary theory to show a writer deeply conscious of modernization and literature’s responsiveness to modernity. Contributing to and drawing on new work on the spatial and temporal dimensions of modernism, this chapter shows that the structures and plots and Synge’s one-act plays Riders to the Sea and The Shadow of the Glen are rooted in a battle of temporalities. By comparing the timescales of Synge’s one-act plays to those of his Revivalist contemporaries, this chapter shows that his reading in sociology, philosophy, and evolutionary science, alongside his experiences in the modernizing ‘Congested Districts’ of Ireland, fundamentally affected his literary output. Fractured communal relations are figured as fractures in the time frames of the drama, and the overlapping of temporalities and levels of modernization find their correlatives in the constant and unresolved competition for dominance from any one conception of time. These plays, far from being isolated from the concerns of modernization, or from reverting to a solely romanticized vision of the peasantry, in fact register a sense of formal instability as a result of their fraught and multiple conceptions of time and space.

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