The Electoral (Dis)Advantage of the Independent Candidates in Different Electoral System (Comparative Study of Slovak and Czech Local Election)

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-546
Author(s):  
Viera Žubrova ◽  
Annmarie Gorenc Zoran ◽  
Lucija Mulej Mlakar
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Local Election ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Independent Candidates

In this paper we attempt to set some starting points for the comparative study on the position of independent local politics (candidates) in the relation with different electoral system, including choosing their strategies, alliances, steps, etc. We will compare two republics – Slovak republic and Czech Republic - which have not only common history and states, but transform after the split very differently, not only in the national level, but especially in the regional and local level.

scholarly journals Local-Level Democratic Backsliding? The Consolidation of Aspiring Dominant-Party Regimes in Hungary and Poland

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Conor O'Dwyer ◽  
Matthew Stenberg
Keyword(s):  
Local Politics ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Dominant Party ◽  
Mayoral Elections ◽  
Political Reforms ◽  
Strategic Coordination ◽  
The Future ◽  
Two Factors

Abstract Aspiring dominant-party regimes often institute major institutional and political reforms at the national level to ensure they retain control. However, subnational politics is an important, under-studied, component of regime consolidation. This study uses mayoral races in Hungary and Poland from 2006 to 2018 to examine two factors that may inhibit dominant-party regime consolidation in local politics: the use of two-round, i.e. runoff, electoral systems and strategic coordination among opposition parties. While we find little evidence that strategic coordination can lead to widespread opposition success in single-round systems, we do find that increasing the number of candidates decreases the likelihood of the nationally dominant party winning in the first round while not affecting the second round. As such, two-round mayoral elections may be an important buffer to dominant-party regime consolidation and may provide a training ground for the future opposition.

scholarly journals Personalizace na komunální úrovni: existuje a lze ji v českém prostředí zkoumat?

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-221
Author(s):  
Andrea Smolkova ◽  
Stanislav Balík
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Electoral Behaviour

Against the background of current research and literature, the article discusses local level-personalization in the Czech Republic as well as the ways it can be studied. Emphasising topics such as personalization of the electoral behaviour, electoral system, and political elites’ strategy, the authors present a novel research design aimed at identifying and better understanding the phenomenon of personalization on the local level. The research design develops some original identifiers such as popularity of the candidate, while also employing traditional criteria such as preferential voting or incumbency effect.

scholarly journals Effective tax rate for income from employment in the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic – a comparative study

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 2005-2020
Author(s):  
Karel Brychta
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
Effective Tax Rate ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
The Individual

The objective of this paper is primarily to compare and describe the development of the effective tax rate (relative tax burden) on the taxpayer earning only income from employment and emoluments in the Czech and Slovak Republics. The reason for choosing this type of income has been its importance in terms of the volume of tax collection in the area of natural persons income tax in the Czech Republic. The actual comparison has been performed for the years 2010, 2011 and 2012. In all cases, the legal status was considered that was valid and effective as of 31. 12. of particular year. Comparison of the effective tax rate was performed not only between the individual countries themselves, but also chronologically for individual countries (the Czech and Slovak Republics, respectively). After the general introduction, the relevant legislation as to incomes from employment and emoluments in both countries is explained. A separate chapter discusses the specification of the applied methodology, within which basic starting points and the simplifications applied are defined. Another part of the paper contains outputs from compiled mathematical models. These are presented in the form of graphic outputs and supplemented with commentary.

Feeling Represented

2020 ◽  
pp. 412-431
Author(s):  
Sören Holmberg
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
System Design ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Party Leader ◽  
Emerging Democracies ◽  
Institutional Learning ◽  
Mixed Electoral Systems ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Political Groups

Institutional learning works. Citizens in older and more mature democracies feel represented to a larger extent than people in new and emerging democracies. And as normatively expected, feelings of being represented are reasonably well spread across different social and political groups. Electoral system design turns out not to be consequential. Majoritarian, proportional or mixed electoral systems do about equally well when it comes to how well people feel they are being represented by a party or a party leader. The results are based on data from The Comparative Study of Electoral System’s (CSES) project covering forty-six countries and eighty-six elections between 2001 and 2011.

Race-ing Fargo

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Small City ◽  
American Population ◽  
History Of ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
The City

Tracing the history of refugee settlement in Fargo, North Dakota, from the 1980s to the present day, this book focuses on the role that gender, religion, and sociality play in everyday interactions between refugees from South Sudan and Bosnia-Herzegovina and the dominant white Euro-American population of the city. The book outlines the ways in which refugees have impacted this small city over the last thirty years, showing how culture, political economy, and institutional transformations collectively contribute to the racialization of white cities like Fargo in ways that complicate their demographics. The book shows that race, religion, and decorum prove to be powerful forces determining worthiness and belonging in the city and draws attention to the different roles that state and private sectors played in shaping ideas about race and citizenship on a local level. Through the comparative study of white secular Muslim Bosnians and Black Christian Southern Sudanese, the book demonstrates how cross-cultural and transnational understandings of race, ethnicity, class, and religion shape daily citizenship practices and belonging.

All Politics Is Local: The Reemergence of the Study of City Politics

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Trounstine
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
State Politics ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Political Outcomes

The study of local politics has been relegated to the periphery of political science and many explanations have been offered for the marginalization of the subfield. I offer three related arguments for why scholars should revisit the study of sub-state politics. First, the local level is the source of numerous political outcomes that matter because they represent a large proportion of political events in the United States. Secondly, there are methodological advantages to studying local politics. Finally, analyzing politics at the sub-state level can generate thoroughly different kinds of questions than a purely national-level focus and can offer different answers to questions that apply more generally. Research on local politics can and should contribute to broader debates in political science and ensure that we understand both how and why cities are unique.

scholarly journals The Role of Accountability Arrangements in Social Innovations: Evidence from the UK and Slovakia

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juraj Nemec ◽  
Marta Orviska ◽  
Colin Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Social Innovation ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Innovations ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Available Information

AbstractOur research focuses on selected accountability mechanisms in the two countries. In Slovakia these are the Supreme Audit Office (SAO) and the Ombudsman. In the UK, at the national level we chose the Committee of Public Accounts (PAC), the National Audit Office (NAO) and the Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman (PHSO) and on the local level the relatively recently introduced local government system of Scrutiny and Overview.The goal of our article is to assess the potential contribution of these accountability arrangements to the anchoring of social innovation in the public sector. The theory anticipates that accountability institutions such as the SAO and Ombudsman may create feedback loops supporting public innovations. We undertook detailed checks on the concrete situation in the Slovak Republic and in the UK. On the basis of the comprehensive set of data reviewed, including reports, interviews and more generally available information, we can confidently conclude that while in Slovakia such a feedback loop barely functions, in the UK it does function on a limited but still significant scale. In the last part we provide selected arguments why the Slovak situation is less positive.

scholarly journals OPINIONS OF SLOVAK ACADEMIC STAFF AND STUDENTS ON THE PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCES OF ACADEMIC TEACHERS

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Bronislava Kasáčová ◽  
Daniela Guffová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Academic Teachers

The paper is a result of comparative study conducted over the period 2017–2018 within the International Visegrad Fund project No. 21720008. Four countries are included in the project, namely Ukraine, Poland, Czech Republic and Slovak Republic. The opinions of university teachers and students on the competences of academic teachers are investigated and compared within the study. The specifcs of Slovak view and legislation of professional competences are presented in the paper. Moreover, the analysis of data obtained in Slovak universities based on comparison of teachers’ and students’ opinions on academic teachers’ competences are described.

Social enterprises as a tool for SDG implementation in slovakia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Bumbalová ◽  
Marcela Chreneková
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
National Level ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Territorial Development

The Slovak Republic as a member of the United Nations agreed to contribute to the fulfilment of 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) defined in the document Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Despite the efforts at the national level, the actual implementation of national priorities, derived from SDGs, at local level is lacking a systematic approach. When it comes to the territorial development, however, Slovakia has recognized the potential of social economy and social enterprises in particular. Concrete steps were taken to stimulate occurrence of this phenomenon especially in the lagging behind regions. The attempt to intersect these two aspects represents the main objective of the presented paper together with an answer to the research question – to what extent can social enterprises be considered as a tool for SDGs’ implementation in Slovakia. Through an extensive work with scientific and grey literature and through the analytical lenses when processing secondary data from the Registry of Social Enterprises of Slovakia, we identified numerous linkages between the reality of social enterprises and their contribution to the SDGs mainly in the area of poverty reduction and inclusion, education, job market, circular economy, usage of local resources and environmental protection.

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