Municipal Merger and Local Democracy: An Assessment of the Merger of Japanese Municipalities

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohei Suzuki ◽  
Hyesong Ha
Keyword(s):  
Service Provision ◽  
Administrative Reform ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Local Democracy ◽  
Japanese City ◽  
Legislative Performance

Municipal mergers have been widely used as a tool for administrative reform. The goal of most municipal mergers is to increase the efficiency of service provision, but their impact on local democracy has been neglected. In particular, little is known as to how mergers affect performance of local legislatures. In filling these gaps, this study uses a dataset of 754 Japanese city-level governments from 2008 to 2014 to examine how mergers influence legislative performance. After controlling for potential confounding factors, the analysis shows that municipal merger is negatively correlated to legislative performance.

scholarly journals MANAGING WASTEWATER IN DECENTRALIZED INDONESIA: COULD LOCAL DEMOCRACY IMPROVE PUBLIC SERVICE?

CosmoGov ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Diny Waskitawati
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Administrative Reform ◽  
Service Performance ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Local Democracy ◽  
External Funding ◽  
Governance Reform ◽  
Positive View ◽  
Funding Sources

ABSTRACT This article seeks the construal of sounds local democracy and public service improvements in Indonesian decentralization context by bringing the example of wastewater management in Bandung Municipality. Data collected through series of interviews with respected individuals involved in wastewater service, particularly those who directly engage in water and sanitation projects funded by local and external funding sources. Despite the positive view on decentralization could create a more powerful local government in overseeing local development for more effective public service delivery.  It also could be tested by the fragile administrative system and the immature local democracy. In the case of wastewater service in Bandung Municipality, for example, the respected institution called PDAM Tirtawening (Bandung Municipality Water Supply Agency) shows less efficient use of fund compared to the same project funded by the AusAID (Australian AID) as one of Indonesian development partners. Sound governance and administrative reform should be employed to achieve better public service performance. Keywords: local democracy, decentralized Indonesia, Bandung Municipality, wastewater management, governance reform

Reflections of the Multi-Level Governance Approach on the Turkish Metropolitan Municipality System

2019 ◽  
pp. 52-91
Author(s):  
Deniz Şahin Duran
Keyword(s):  
Service Provision ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Model Representation ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Local Democracy ◽  
Administrative Structure ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Law ◽  
Descriptive Survey

This chapter is conducted according to the descriptive survey model in order to analyze within the framework of the multi-level governance approach the new metropolitan model created and the changes introduced by the Law No 6360 with their positive and negative aspects. Based on the recent related theoretical and empirical literature, the study addresses three issues in a comprehensive and systematic way: concept of multi-level governance, the reflections of the multi-level governance approach in the field of metropolitans in Turkey, the new metropolitan model brought by the Law No 6360 will be analyzed together with all the innovations it has introduced. Changes created by the new metropolitan model (representation and participation, local democracy, administrative structure, fiscal decentralization service provision, etc.) are evaluated along both their positive and negative dimensions.

Committees and the legislature

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-106
Author(s):  
Bernadette Connaughton
Keyword(s):  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Administrative Reform ◽  
Reform Initiatives ◽  
Legislative Performance ◽  
Policy Failures ◽  
Building Policy

This chapter explores the historical and contemporary role of parliamentary and other political committees in policy analysis, and the institutional supports which enable their function in policy making. While the dearth of assistance and resources available to Teachtaí Dála (TDs) has contributed to underwhelming legislative performance, developments since 2011 provide an important context for amending relative deficiencies in earlier reform initiatives and the systemic policy failures highlighted by the 2008 crisis. The agenda to introduce political-administrative reform post 2011 included building policy analysis capacity within the Oireachtas and addressing the significant imbalances in executive-legislative relations.

scholarly journals Municipal amalgamations and their effects: a literature review

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio F. Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Service Provision ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Local Democracy ◽  
Government Service ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Managerial Implications

AbstractMunicipal amalgamation reforms have been advocated as ways to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance capacity in local government service provision. Research on the consequences of amalgamations has reached maturity in terms of theories, research designs and methods, justifying a systematic survey of results. This article provides a synthesis of the empirical literature published over the last 20 years, organizing the effects of amalgamations into three categories: economic efficiency and cost savings, managerial implications, and democratic outcomes. Despite the significant variation across countries and reforms, some regularities emerge: cost savings being primarily limited to general administration expenditures (wages, office supplies, and so on), few changes in the quality of local services, and the diminished quality of local democracy. Several studies point to amalgamation reforms experiencing a trade-off between efficiency and democracy.

American Speech-Language Pathologists' Training and Legislative Knowledge When Working With Immigrant and Refugee Populations: A Qualitative Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1148-1161
Author(s):  
Camilo Maldonado ◽  
Alejandro Ashe ◽  
Kerri Bubar ◽  
Jessica Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Limited English Proficiency ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Federal Mandates ◽  
Refugee Families ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Immigrant And Refugee

Background American educational legislation suggests culturally competent speech and language services should be provided in a child's native language, but the number of multilingual speech-language pathologists (SLPs) is negligible. Consequently, many monolingual English-speaking practitioners are being tasked with providing services to these populations. This requires that SLPs are educated about cultural and linguistic diversity as well as the legislation that concerns service provision to non-English or limited English proficiency speakers. Purpose This qualitative study explored the experiences of monolingual, American, English-speaking SLPs and clinical fellows who have worked with immigrant and refugee families within a preschool context. It investigated what training SLPs received to serve this population and what knowledge these SLPs possessed with regard to federal legislation governing the provision of services to culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) communities. Method Ten American clinicians with experience treating CLD children of refugee and immigrant families in the context of preschool service provision participated in the study. Semistructured interviews were utilized to better understand the type of training clinicians received prior to and during their service delivery for CLD populations. Additionally, questions were asked to explore the degree to which practitioners understood federal mandates for ethical and effective service provision. The data collected from these interviews were coded and analyzed using the principles of grounded theory. Findings The results of this study revealed that there was a general sense of unpreparedness when working with CLD clients. This lack of training also attributed to a deficiency of knowledge surrounding legislation governing service provision to CLD populations.

Autism and Neurodiversity: Addressing Concerns and Offering Implications for the School-Based Speech-Language Pathologist

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Laura S. DeThorne ◽  
Kelly Searsmith
Keyword(s):  
Service Provision ◽  
Individualized Education Program ◽  
Institutional Constraints ◽  
Individualized Education ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Eligibility Determination ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
School Based ◽  
Key Points ◽  
C Center

Purpose The purpose of this article is to address some common concerns associated with the neurodiversity paradigm and to offer related implications for service provision to school-age autistic students. In particular, we highlight the need to (a) view first-person autistic perspectives as an integral component of evidence-based practice, (b) use the individualized education plan as a means to actively address environmental contributions to communicative competence, and (c) center intervention around respect for autistic sociality and self-expression. We support these points with cross-disciplinary scholarship and writings from autistic individuals. Conclusions We recognize that school-based speech-language pathologists are bound by institutional constraints, such as eligibility determination and Individualized Education Program processes that are not inherently consistent with the neurodiversity paradigm. Consequently, we offer examples for implementing the neurodiversity paradigm while working within these existing structures. In sum, this article addresses key points of tension related to the neurodiversity paradigm in a way that we hope will directly translate into improved service provision for autistic students. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13345727

Service Provision Challenges and Opportunities in Rural Areas

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Hastings ◽  
Tracy J. Cohn ◽  
E. Janie Pinterits
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

A Strategy for Analysing Multiple Risk Factors with Application to Cervical Pain Syndrome

1989 ◽  
Vol 28 (01) ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Dartigues ◽  
Ph. Peytour ◽  
E. Puymirat ◽  
P. Henry ◽  
M. Gagnon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Cervical Pain ◽  
Extreme Form ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors

Abstract:When studying the possible effects of several factors in a given disease, two major problems arise: (1) confounding, and (2) multiplicity of tests. Frequently, in order to cope with the problem of confounding factors, models with multiple explanatory variables are used. However, the correlation structure of the variables may be such that the corresponding tests have low power: in its extreme form this situation is coined by the term “multicollinearity”. As the problem of multiplicity is still relevant in these models, the interpretation of results is, in most cases, very hazardous. We propose a strategy - based on a tree structure of the variables - which provides a guide to the interpretation and controls the risk of erroneously rejecting null hypotheses. The strategy was applied to a study of cervical pain syndrome involving 990 subjects and 17 variables. Age, sex, head trauma, posture at work and psychological status were all found to be important risk factors.

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