Environmental Sociology and International Forestry: Historical Overview and Future Directions

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Ambrose-Oji
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sociology ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
International Forestry

Digital Development and International Aid

2016 ◽  
pp. 276-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolene Fisher
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Digital Games ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Current Development ◽  
Development Discourse ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Narrative Structures ◽  
Individual Attitude ◽  
Digital Development ◽  
And Behavior

This chapter constructs a historical overview of digital games used for international development. While the decade long use of digital games in this field has seen mixed results, a trend towards gamification has continued. The various approaches to international development taken in these games are analyzed alongside the gaming goals, platforms, and narrative structures. Broadly, this chapter argues that the field of digital development games breaks down into three categories: Developing Developers, Digital Interventions, and Critical Play. Because these games are tied to larger frameworks of development thought, they are an important part of the development discourse and should be critically analyzed, regardless of their success at the level of individual attitude and behavior change. Such an analysis presents a useful way to think about what's happening in the current development field and how the trend towards gamification may impact its future directions.

scholarly journals A Typology of Virtual Worlds: Historical Overview and Future Directions

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Messinger ◽  
Eleni Stroulia ◽  
Kelly Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking ◽  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Platform Design ◽  
Profit Model ◽  
Five Elements ◽  
Collaborative Play

Virtual worlds constitute a growing space for collaborative play, learning, work, and e-commerce. To promote study of this emerging realm of activity, we suggest a typology adapted from C. Porter’s (2004) typology of virtual communities. The five elements of the proposed typology include (1) purpose (content of interaction), (2) place (location of interaction), (3) platform (design of interaction), (4) population (participants in the interaction), and (5) profit model (return on interaction). We argue that this five-element typology facilitates identification of (a) the historic antecedents of virtual worlds in gaming and social networking, (b) future applications of virtual worlds for society, education, and business; and (c) topics for future research.

Identity in Written Discourse

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 140-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Kei Matsuda
Keyword(s):  
Academic Writing ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Written Discourse ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Writer Identity ◽  
Social Conventions ◽  
Social Perspectives ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACTThis article provides an overview of theoretical and research issues in the study of writer identity in written discourse. First, a historical overview explores how identity has been conceived, studied, and taught, followed by a discussion of how writer identity has been conceptualized. Next, three major orientations toward writer identity show how the focus of analysis has shifted from the individual to the social conventions and how it has been moving toward an equilibrium, in which the negotiation of individual and social perspectives is recognized. The next two sections discuss two of the key developments—identity in academic writing and the assessment of writer identity. The article concludes with a brief discussion of the implications and future directions for teaching and researching identity in written discourse.

Generic concepts within hornworts: historical review, contemporary insights and future directions

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Christine Cargill ◽  
Karen S. Renzaglia ◽  
Juan Carlos Villarreal ◽  
R. Joel Duff
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Classification Schemes ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
Rbcl Sequences

Although the hornworts (anthocerotes) are a relatively small assemblage of approximately 150 species, generic boundaries and relationships within the group are controversial. The four prevailing classification schemes are based mainly on morphology and show little congruency. Here we set the foundation for contemporary phylogenetic and taxonomic studies by presenting an historical overview of generic concepts within the anthocerotes. An overview of recent morphological and molecular studies that concentrate on hornworts points to intuitive, novel relationships and a degree of diversity hitherto unknown in the group. Phylogenetically informative characters at the morphological level are identified, with emphasis on newly acquired ultrastructural data. A recent molecular analysis based on rbcL sequences is presented and the levels of suitability of several molecular markers to answer phylogenetic questions within the group are explored. On-going intensive studies that sample a wider range of species and utilise multiple genes and comprehensive morphological data are likely to revolutionise interpretations of the taxonomic relationships and character evolution within hornworts.

Stress in Depression

2019 ◽  
pp. 96-126
Author(s):  
Suzanne Vrshek-Schallhorn ◽  
Maria Ditcheva ◽  
Gail Corneau
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
Early Adversity ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Stress Assessment ◽  
Effects Of Stress

That life stress precipitates depression is one of the most replicated findings in psychiatric research, but prior to Brown and Harris’s seminal contributions, insufficiently rigorous methods led to underestimates of the effects of stress and threatened the field. This chapter provides a methodological and historical overview, followed by a review of evidence that recent stress predicts depression across the life span. It also examines demographic vulnerability factors and research on early adversity and depression, closing with future directions. Two themes manifest throughout. First, stress assessment that uses investigator-rated severity, accounts for severity, establishes temporal precedence, and isolates the few months prior to depression onset remains critical to progress. Second, identifying the most potent forms of stress for depression is a key question that will facilitate both preventive/intervention efforts and more powerful tests in mechanistic research. Although evidence points to interpersonal forms of stress, few studies provide the necessary direct tests.

Affective Neuroscience: Past, Present, and Future

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Dalgleish ◽  
Barnaby D. Dunn ◽  
Dean Mobbs
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Affective Neuroscience ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Made In

The discipline of affective neuroscience is concerned with the underlying neural substrates of emotion and mood. This review presents an historical overview of the pioneering work in affective neuroscience of James and Lange, Cannon and Bard, and Hess, Papez, and MacLean before summarizing the current state of research on the brain regions identified by these seminal researchers. We also discuss the more recent strides made in the field of affective neuroscience. A final section considers different hypothetical organizations of affective neuroanatomy and highlights future directions for the discipline.

scholarly journals Historical overview of hip arthroplasty: From humble beginnings to a high-tech future

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolae Ciprian Bota ◽  
Dan-Viorel Nistor ◽  
Sergiu Caterev ◽  
Adrian Todor
Keyword(s):  
Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Easy Task ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
History Of

Surgery of the arthritic hip was not an easy task in the previous centuries, lots of operations being followed very closely by complications and failures. Nowadays, hip arthroplasty is considered “the operation of the century”. This review follows the evolution of surgery on the arthritic hip, with emphasis on arthroplasty. Acknowledging the history of this operation, one can better prepare its evolution and future directions of research. The final chapter briefly describes the current trends and future perspectives.

A survey of Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining process models

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUKASZ A. KURGAN ◽  
PETR MUSILEK
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Knowledge Discovery ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison ◽  
Development Area ◽  
Current Standards

Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining is a very dynamic research and development area that is reaching maturity. As such, it requires stable and well-defined foundations, which are well understood and popularized throughout the community. This survey presents a historical overview, description and future directions concerning a standard for a Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining process model. It presents a motivation for use and a comprehensive comparison of several leading process models, and discusses their applications to both academic and industrial problems. The main goal of this review is the consolidation of the research in this area. The survey also proposes to enhance existing models by embedding other current standards to enable automation and interoperability of the entire process.

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