scholarly journals Nikolai Nikolaevich Luzin at the crossroads of the dramatic events of the European history of the first half of the 20th century

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 317-335
Author(s):  
Sergeĭ S. Demidov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Arts And Sciences ◽  
Mathematical School ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Type ◽  
Analytic Sets ◽  
Moscow School ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Foreign Member

Nikolai Nikolaevich Luzin’s life (1883–1950) and work of this outstanding Russian mathematician, member of the USSR Academy of Sciences and foreign member of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences, coincides with a very difficult period in Russian history: two World Wars, the 1917 revolution in Russia, the coming to power of the Bolsheviks, the civil war of 1917–1922, and finally, the construction of a new type of state, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. This included collectivization in the agriculture and industrialization of the industry, accompanied by the mass terror that without exception affected all the strata of the Soviet society. Against the background of these dramatic events took place the proces of formation and flourishing of Luzin the scientist, the creator of one of the leading mathematical schools of the 20th century, the Moscow school of function theory, which became one of the cornerstones in the foundation of the Soviet mathematical school. Luzin’s work could be divided into two periods: the first one comprises the problems regarding the metric theory of functions, culminating in his famous dissertation Integral and Trigonometric Series (1915), and the second one that is mainly devoted to the development of problems arising from the theory of analytic sets. The underlying idea of Luzin’s research was the problem of the structure of the arithmetic continuum, which became the super task of his work. The destiny favored the master: the complex turns of history in which he was involved did not prevent, and sometimes even favored the successful development of his research. And even the catastrophe that broke out over him in 1936 – “the case of Academician Luzin” – ended successfully for him.

KAZAKH MUSIC CULTURE ON THE GLOBALIZATION CROSSROADS: ETHNIC TRADITIONS VERSUS COMPOSER SCHOOL IN INTERCULTURAL INTERACTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 384 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193
Author(s):  
A. Raimkulova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Music Culture ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Intercultural Interaction ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Type

At the present stage, Kazakh musical culture is heterogeneous. It represents traditions coexisting at the same time and interacting with each other: Kazakh ethnic and newly established composer school (tradition). Examining changes in cultural landscapes of the 20th century I reveal the peculiarities of interaction and dialogue between two kinds of culture: ethnic and global (endogenous and exogenous). The procedures include the complex study of the history of Kazakh culture in the 20th century, stylistic analysis of traditional and composer’s music, semiotic approach to intercultural interaction, as far as a comparative analysis of oral and written music of 19th and 20th centuries. On one hand, dramatic changes in the structure of music culture were caused by external objective reasons: new industrial and postindustrial civilization phases (urbanization and information technologies); intensification of interaction with western (mainly Russian) cultures, etc. On the other hand, some changes were inspired by inner factors: diverse development of local song and kui (dombyra piece) traditions; Soviet cultural policy. As a result new type (or layer) of national culture – Kazakh composers’ music – appeared. It was connected with the formation of a national style based on transcriptions and borrowing. Traditional music was influenced by new social institutions (philharmonic halls, theatres, radio, conservatoire) that caused changes in the creative process (decrease of oral transmission, lack of traditional social context) as well as in the style (virtuoso performance, new genres of songs).

scholarly journals BOOK REVIEW: V.S.BATCHENKO POWER AND FAITH: ANTIRELIGIOUS POLICY AND ITS PERCEPTION BY THE POPULATION OF THE WESTERN REGION, 1929-1934 (VLAST' I VERA: ANTIRELIGIOZNAYA POLITIKA I YEYE VOSPRIYATIYE NA-SELENIYEM ZAPADNOY OBLASTI, 1929 - 1934 GG) INSTITUTE OF RUSSIAN HISTORY OF RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. SPB.: PETROGLIF, 2019.-- 336 P.

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
Александр Викторович Сипейкин
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Soviet Policy ◽  
Religious Policy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Данная рецензия посвящена монографии В.С. Батченко об истории Советской политики в отношении религиозных организаций в западных регионах СССР в 1929-1934 гг. Исследование основано на широком круге источников, хранящихся как в центральных, так и местных архивных фондах. Автор монографии показывает, как существовавшие практики антицерковной работы приводили к результатам, которые были прямо обратно ожидавшимся: росту религиозности и недовольству советской властью, выливавшемуся иногда в инциденты, вплоть до вспышек насилия. Результативность этой политики автор монографии оценивает крайне низко, она приводила не к исчезновению, а трансформации религии. This review is devoted to the monograph by V.S. Batchenko about the Soviet Policy towards religion in the Western regions of USSR in 1929 - 1934 years. This research is based on a solid base of documents both from central and regional archives. V.S. Batchenko described paradoxical cases when frantic antireligious measures caused the opposite effect. They did not weaken faith, but even strengthened it. Disappointment with the Soviet religious policy sometimes lead even to riots. The results of this policy V.S. Batchenko estimates as very poor. Religion in Soviet Society did not disappear, but just transformed.

scholarly journals Tribute to Bagrat G. Seyranyan, Our Dear Friend, Colleague, and Teacher!

2021 ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Vasily A. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
90Th Birthday ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Oriental Studies ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The 19Th Century

On April 23, 2021, an outstanding Russian Arabist, Doctor of History, Principal Fellow of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences Bagrat Garegionovich Seyranyan celebrated his 90th birthday. His works on the recent history of Egypt and Yemen and the general problems of the socio-political development of the Arab countries in the 20th century have long become classic. Many of them were translated into Arabic and received well-deserved recognition abroad, and such books as “Egypt in the Struggle for Independence, 1945–1952” (Moscow, 1970) and “Evolution of the Social Structure of the Countries of the Arab East. Land Aristocracy in the 19th Century – the 60s of the 20th Century” (Moscow, 1991) entered the golden fund of world academy. The contribution of Bagrat Seyranyan to the training of new generations of orientalists is colossal. Under his leadership there were prepared more than 40 Ph.D. theses, he participated in authoring of numerous textbooks and teaching materials on the history of the Arab world. In this paper friends, colleagues and students address the hero of the day with words of recognition and gratitude.

scholarly journals Academician Jonas Kubilius: works dedicated to the history of Lithuanian mathematics

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Juozas Banionis
Keyword(s):  
Probability Theory ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
History Of Mathematics ◽  
Book Series ◽  
Informal Group ◽  
Mathematical School ◽  
Mathematics History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Fourth Book

The rise of the Lithuanian mathematical school in the second half of the 20th century is associated with the development of probability theory and its application, and the foundations of that school were insightfully laid by the famous Lithuanian mathematician Jonas Kubilius. However, the academician also had a second vocation – the history of mathematics. At the end of the 20th century, he purposefully researched the mathematical legacy of the poet, bishop A. Baranauskas, recognizing him as the first Lithuanian mathematician researcher of the second half of the 19th century. At the beginning of the 21st century, J. Kubilius undertook a detailed implementation of the idea of a work in the history of Lithuanian mathematics. For this purpose, an informal group of specialists was convened, the content of the work was planned, and the research-based book series ``From the History of Lithuanian Mathematics'' was published. The fourth book in this series, Mathematics in Lithuanian Higher Education Institutions in 1921–1944, presents the research of an academic who reveals the situation of mathematics in universities in Kaunas and Vilnius. In addition, the memoirs of mathematics history by J. Kubilius, dedicated to mathematicians Z. Žemaitis, G. Žilinskas and V. Statulevičius, should be mentioned. The article, at the end of which fragments of the author's memories are presented, is dedicated to the centenary of the birth of Academician J. Kubilius.

scholarly journals Profesor Kazimierz Nitsch i jego językoznawcze środowisko we wspomnieniach studentki z lat 50. XX w.

LingVaria ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (27) ◽  
pp. 331-338
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Zieniukowa
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Slavic Linguistics ◽  
Team Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Academic Teacher

Professor Kazimierz Nitsch and His Linguistic Milieu in the Memories of a Student from 1950sThe paper discusses the history of Polish and Slavic linguistics in Poland in the 20th century, with a special regard to dialectology. In the centre of its attention lies the Cracow (Cracow-Lviv) linguistic school of Professor Kazimierz Nitsch. The author describes it primarily on the basis of personal scientific contact (in the middle of the 20th century) with the father of Polish dialectology, Professor K. Nitsch, and a team of researchers from his Department of Atlas and Dictionary of Polish Dialects of the Polish Academy of Sciences (Cracow, Mikołajska street). She looks back at the seminar Nitsch held for researchers, which she attended as a Master’s student at the Jagiellonian University. She presents Professor as a researcher, organizer of team research, academic teacher, as well as a scientific guide, a scholar, and author of linguistic publications in various periods of the 20th century. She draws particular attention to Nitsch’s pioneering works on Kashubian and other Pomeranian dialects. The paper also talks about the long-term radiation of Professor Nitsch’s scientific school, and how his students from various generations – such as Zdzisław Stieber, Nitsch’s student from 1920s, his colleague, and later a creator of a linguistic school himself – as well as students of his students greatly contributed to the advancement of Polish linguistics in the 20th and early 21st century.

scholarly journals The concept of the Polish Biographical Dictionary

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (29) ◽  
pp. 115-128
Author(s):  
Agata Barzycka-Paździor
Keyword(s):  
Polish Academy ◽  
Arts And Sciences ◽  
Biographical Dictionary ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Grand Duchy

The aim of the article is to present a concept of the Polish Biographical Dictionary (Polski Słownik Biograficzny, PSB), which has been published in Krakow since 1935 as a multi-volume publication of the Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN) and the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences (PAU), and realised by the Tadeusz Manteuffel Institute of History of the PAN. Over 28,000 biographies of people associated with Poland (and with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Commonwealth of Both Nations, and their fiefs), who lived or operated in the country and abroad from the time of legendary Duke Popiel (9th century) to 2000, have been published in 52 volumes so far. The concept of the PSB is presented in the historiographic context as well as the context of contemporary problems and challenges that the PSB is facing.

scholarly journals NADIYA SHULGINA-ISCHUK: BIOGRAPHY, HERITAGE

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
I. Gryganska ◽  
N. Burmaka ◽  
I. Kalashnyk
Keyword(s):  
Ukrainian Academy ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Public Figure ◽  
Arts And Sciences ◽  
School Textbook ◽  
Mathematical School ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Working Out

In remembrance of Professor of Mathematics Nadiya Shulgina-Ishchuk, a scientist, teacher, public figure, author of the first Ukrainian mathematical school textbook on the Dnieper Ukraine, correspondent member of the Ukrainian Free Academy of Sciences.   On the basis of personal meetings with N.Ya. Shulgina-Ishchuk’s daughter Natalia Romanivna Ishchuk-Pazuniak in 2009 and 2010, and the working out of sources of special literature, including the little-known, the pages of the lifeway, professional, scientific and social activities of Professor of Mathematics N.Ya. Shulgina-Ishchuk – a well-known scientist, educator, public figure, author of the first Ukrainian mathematical school textbook, correspondent member of the Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the U.S.A., are illuminated.

scholarly journals Studies of Permafrost in the European Northeast of Russia in the First Half of the 20th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 173-181
Author(s):  
Tatyana P. Filippova ◽  
◽  
Nina G. Lisevich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

On the basis of a wide range of sources, the research analyzes the history of the study of permafrost in the territory of the European Northeast of Russia in the first half of the 20th century. The documentary sources revealed in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow), the National Archive of the Komi Republic (Syktyvkar), the Scientific Archive of the Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Syktyvkar), the Vorkuta Museum and Exhibition Center (Vorkuta) are introduced into the scientific use for the first time. The 1920s became the period of the birth of a new scientific direction – permafrostology. This science gave an impetus to the systematic study and development of the North and the Arctic. The beginning of systematic geocryologic studies was connected with the development of the European Northeast in the 1920s–1930s. It has been determined that the USSR Academy of Sciences played the leading role in carrying out these studies: it organized special scientific expeditions for studying the cryolithozone of this region. The main results of the studies and their motives interconnected with the government’s interests in the development of valuable northern mineral resources are shown. The results of the expeditions were conclusions about the possibility of constructing large industrial facilities in the regions of the explored reserves of natural raw material resources. Following scientists’ recommendation, the industrial development of the Pechora coal basin and the colonization of the polar region began. The climatic and natural features of the region demanded stationary scientific research in the field of design and construction. The Vorkuta Research Permafrost Station (VRPS) (1936–1958), created under the supervision of the USSR Academy of Sciences, began to carry out this research. Today, the history of this station’s activities is poorly studied. The article presents the main directions of VRPS research: engineering permafrostology and general issues of permafrost studies. The staff of the station were researchers of the Committee on Permafrost Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences and scientists from among prisoners of GULAG. The role of the staff who made a great contribution to permafrost studies is shown. Under the leadership of the scientists of the station, on the basis of their techniques, large industrial structures of Vorkuta District and Vorkuta, among them the first railroad in the conditions of permafrost, were designed. The conclusion is drawn on the leading role of scientists of the USSR Academy of Sciences in carrying out studies of permafrost soil in the European Northeast in the first half of the 20th century which became the basis in the successful solution of construction problems in the Arctic territory.

Epistemological Turn in European Scientific Rationality

1998 ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Andrew N. Pavlenko
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Vienna Circle ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
History Of Cosmology ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Type ◽  
Century Science

If the 17th century could be considered the century of the reformation of science, the present century is one of counterreformation in every sense of the word. The ideology of this century can be seen in the titanic efforts to complete the development of science which foundation was laid in the 17th and 18th centuries, in the outright failures, and in attempts at reconstructing the foundation (e.g., Hilbert's formalization program, Gödel's incompleteness theorem, Charlier's theory of a hierarchic universe, Fridman's evolutionary cosmology, Newton's mechanics, relativistic and/or quantum mechanics in physics, the logical turn of the Vienna circle and epistemological anarchism in methodology). Our task is to reveal the essence of the turning points in 20th century science and to determine at least the general outlines, if not the cause, of the new type of rationality that is replacing the old one. I will focus on the history of cosmology, or rather on its three paradigms that have succeeded each other in this century: Newtonian, Fridmanian and the inflationary paradigms. By outlining the problem, I will pose a possible solution from clarifying changes in the value orientations, ideals and norms of scientific research to their possible generalization.

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