scholarly journals Heavy Metals in Air Emission and Assessment of Human Toxicity Footprint

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 614-622
Author(s):  
Junbeum Kim
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Human Toxicity ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
City Governments ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Metropolitan City

Objective : The purpose of this study is to propose the concept of the human toxicity (human cancer and non-cancer) footprint (µg 1,4 DCB (Dichlorobenzene) eqv./m3) using heavy metal concentration data in the air in Provincial and Metropolitan City governments. In addition, the final goal is to assess and compare the human carcinogenic toxicity footprint in Provincial and Metropolitan City Governments from 1991 to 2019.Method : To calculate the human carcinogenic toxicity footprint using heavy metal concentration in Provincial and Metropolitan City Governments, the ReCiPe 2016 life cycle impact assessment method in life cycle assessment (LCA) was used. For the human carcinogenic toxicity footprint calculation, the heavy metal concentration data in Provincial and Metropolitan City Governments are multiplied by the characterization factors of each heavy metal such as Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, and As (Cu, Mn, Fe, Al, Ca, and Mg are not included in the air monitoring data) data (µg/m3). The unit of human carcinogenic toxicity footprint is shown in µg 1,4 DCB eqv. value.Results and Discussion : The results show that the heavy metal concentrations in Provincial and Metropolitan City governments were decreased significantly from 1991 to 2019. In the case of Pb, Incheon was decreased by about 2,124% (from 0.427 µg/m3 to 0.0192 µg/m3), and Busan was decreased by about 1,250% (from 0.2471 µg/m3 to 0.0183 µg/m3). In addition, in Cd’s case, Gwangju decreased by about 1,550% (from 0.0033 µg/m3 to 0.0002 µg/m3), and Incheon was decreased by about 1,071% (from 0.0082 µg/m3 to 0.0007 µg/m3). The results of human carcinogenic toxicity footprint in 1991 (early stage), 2005 (middle-stage), and 2019 (current) show that the average of human carcinogenic toxicity footprint was 8,478 µg 1,4 DCB eqv. in 1991, 5,545 µg 1,4 DCB eqv. in 2005 (about 53% decreased from 1991), and 1,997 µg 1,4 DCB eqv. in 2019 (about 178% decreased from 2005). In 2019, the human carcinogenic toxicity footprint results showed that Gyeongbuk had the highest value of 5,184 µg 1,4 DCB eqv. followed by Busan 3,929 µg 1,4 DCB eqv., Gyeongi 3,305 µg 1,4 DCB eqv., Seoul 2,184 µg 1,4 DCB eqv., Gwangwon 2,011 µg 1,4 DCB eqv. One of the reasons for the highest human carcinogenic toxicity footprint is the concentration of Cr and As, which have very high characterization factors.Conclusions : In this study, the human carcinogenic toxicity footprint using a heavy metal concentration in Provincial and Metropolitan City governments was proposed and calculated. Even though the heavy metal concentrations were decreasing, the number of measuring stations should be increased in each Provincial and Metropolitan City Government to improve the data quality and reduce the human carcinogenic toxicity impact by heavy metals.

scholarly journals Heavy Metal Concentration in Eight Fish Species from Epe Lagoon (Nigeria)

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
Iyabode Olusola Taiwo ◽  
Olaniyi Alaba Olopade ◽  
Nathanael Akinsafe Bamidele
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry

Abstract This research was undertaken to find out the levels of five heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) in the muscles of eight fish species from Epe Lagoon. The levels of heavy metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after digestion of the samples using Kjldahl heating digester. The heavy metal concentrations among the fish species were statistically dissimilar (P < 0.5). The heavy metals of Pb, Fe, and Mn were above the FAO/WHO agreeable limits for human consumption.

scholarly journals Metal Concentration In Water, Sediment, and Green Alga Halimeda opuntia (Linnaeus) J.V. Lamouroux from Totok Bay and Blongko Waters, North Sulawesi

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
. Nasprianto ◽  
Desy M.H. Mantiri ◽  
Grevo S Gerung
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Water And Sediment

Heavy metals in the water and sediment, in spite of low concentration, will not degrade and even can be absorbed  and biologically accumulated by marine algae. This study was aimed to analyze the heavy metal concentrations in the seawater, sediment, and  Halimeda opuntia in Totok Bay and Blongko waters. Samples were analyzed using  APHA method  and USEPA method in Water Laboratory Nusantara (WLN). Results showed that the heavy metal concentration in Totok Bay waters was  <0.0001 ppm for Cadmium (Cd),  <0.001 ppm for lead (Pb),  <0.005 ppm for Zinc (Zn), and  <0.00005 ppm for mercury (Hg), respectively, while Blongko waters had Cd concentration of <0.0001 ppm, Pb  <0.001 ppm, Zn <0,005 ppm, Hg <0.00005 ppm. Heavy metal concentration in the sediment of Totok Bay was 4.71 ppm for Cd, 10.7 ppm for lead, 58 ppm for Zn, and 2.68 ppm for Hg, respectively, while in Blongko, the heavy metal concentration was 0,03 ppm for Cd,  0.4 ppm for Pb,  <1 ppm for Zn, and <0.05 ppm for Hg, respectively. The heavy metal concentration in H. opuntia of  Totok Bay was 0.18 ppm for Cd,  2.2 ppm for Pb, 5.10 ppm for Zn, 0.74 ppm for Hg, while H. opuntia of Blongko contained 0.02 ppm of Cd,  0.2 ppm of lead,  <0.5 ppm of  Zn, and  0.009 ppm of Hg, respectively.Keywords : Cadmium (Cd); Lead (Pb); Zink (Zn); Mercury (Hg); Halimeda opuntia; Totok Bay; Blongko waters.ABSTRAKLogam berat dalam perairan dan sedimen meskipun memiliki kadar yang relatif rendah namun tidak akan mengalami degradasi bahkan dapat diabsorbsi dan terakumulasi secara biologis oleh alga laut. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis kandungan logam berat dalam air laut, sedimen dan Halimeda opuntia di perairan Teluk Totok dan Perairan Blongko. Analisis sampel mengacu metode APHA, (2012) dan USEPA, (2005) yang dianalisis di Water Laboratory Nusantara (WLN). Hasil analisis konsentrasi logam berat dalam air laut di perairan Teluk Totok yaitu kadmium (Cd) <0,0001 ppm, timbal (Pb) <0,001 ppm, seng (Zn) <0,005 ppm dan merkuri (Hg) <0,00005 ppm sedangkan dari perairan Blongko yaitu konsentrasi kadmium (Cd) <0,0001 ppm, timbal (Pb) <0,001 ppm, seng (Zn) <0,005 ppm dan merkuri (Hg) <0,00005 ppm. Konsentrasi logam berat pada sedimen di perairan Teluk Totok yaitu kadmium (Cd) 4,71 ppm, timbal (Pb) 10,7 ppm, seng (Zn) 58 ppm dan merkuri (Hg) 2,68 ppm dan perairan Blongko dengan konsentrasi kadmium (Cd) 0,03 ppm, timbal (Pb) 0,4 ppm, seng (Zn) <1 ppm dan merkuri (Hg) <0,05 ppm. Sedangkan konsentrasi logam berat pada H. opuntia di perairan Teluk Totok dengan konsentrasi kadmium (Cd) 0,18 ppm, timbal (Pb) 2,2 ppm, seng (Zn) 5,10 ppm dan merkuri (Hg) 0,74 ppm dan perairan Blongko dengan konsentrasi kadmium (Cd) 0,02 ppm, timbal (Pb) 0,2, seng (Zn) <0,5 ppm dan merkuri (Hg) 0,009 ppm.Kata-kata kunci : Kadmium (Cd); Timbal (Pb); Seng (Zn); Merkuri (Hg); Halimeda opuntia; Teluk Totok; Perairan Blongko.

Heavy metals accumulation in freshwater mussels (Lamellidens marginalis) as a biological monitor inhabiting in Dhanmondi Lake, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4933
Author(s):  
Sabia Sultana ◽  
A. K. M. Nur Alam Siddiki ◽  
Md. Rokonujjaman ◽  
M. Niamul Naser ◽  
Abdus Salam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Freshwater Mussels ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Heavy Metals Accumulation ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Metals Accumulation ◽  
Test Level

The heavy metal concentration (e.g., Mn, Zn, Pb and Ni) were determined in soft tissues and shells of freshwater mussels (Lamellidens marginalis) at the various sites of Dhanmondi lake, Dhaka, Bangladesh between the period April, 2010 and March 2011. The heavy metal concentrations in shells and soft tissues of freshwater mussels were tended to vary significantly among sampling points and seasons in Dhanmondi Lake. Distribution of heavy metals in shell and soft tissue of Lamellidens marginalis followed the order Mn>Zn>Pb>Ni, respectively. According to the t-test, level of manganese, zinc and lead under investigation between shell and tissue showed statistically significant differences [Mn: t=-11.387; df=16; P=0.000; Zn: t=-2.590; df=16; P=0.020 and Pb: t=-2.8679; df=16; P=0.011].

scholarly journals The Effect of Heavy Metal Pollutants on Bioluminescence Intensity of Luminous Mushrooms (Nenothopanus sp)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-109
Author(s):  
Witriani Marvinatur Ihsan ◽  
Ratnawulan Ratnawulan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Maximum Intensity ◽  
Coastal Forest ◽  
Metal Pollutants ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollutants

In the South Coastal Forest area, West Sumatra, a luminous mushroom with the species Neonothopanus Sp. This research was conducted with the aim of seeing the effect of heavy metals on the bioluminescence reaction of luminous mushrooms. Starting from the effect of heavy metal concentrations on the intensity and inhibition coefficient of luminous mushroom biolumination. From the measurement results, the maximum intensity value of luminous mushrooms is 499.6 au occurring at a wavelength of 505 nm. At a wavelength of 505 nm, visible light is produced in green. The results obtained are in accordance with observations, because the light emitted by the glowing mushroom is green. If the concentration of heavy metals is greater, the intensity of the bioluminescent fungus (Neonothopanus sp) will decrease. The type of heavy metal affects the intensity of the fungus biolumination. The greatest decrease in intensity occurred in copper (Cu) and iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb). If the heavy metal concentration is greater, the inhibition coefficient will be smaller. The greatest inhibition coefficient due to the presence of heavy metals occurs in copper (Cu) then iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and the smallest is lead (Pb).

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION INTO HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATION BY THE GRAVEL ROADSIDES / SUNKIŲJŲ METALŲ KONCENTRACIJŲ ŽVYRKELIŲ PAKELIŲ DIRVOŽEMIUOSE VERTINIMAS / ОЦЕНКА КОНЦЕНТР АЦИЙ ТЯЖЕЛЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ В ПОЧВЕ ОБОЧИН ГРАВИЙНЫХ ДОРОГ

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audronė Mikalajunė ◽  
Lina Jakučionytė
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Concentration Limit ◽  
Roadside Soils ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Gravel Roads ◽  
The Impact

Vehicles release large amounts of heavy metals to the environment. There have been done a lot of investigations analysing the distribution of heavy metals in soils near intensive regional roads. However, there is lack of investigations into the impact of small-intensity gravel roads on roadside soil contamination with heavy metals. The object of this investigation is four gravel roads of local significance connecting small villages. The intensity of these roads is very low. The gravel roads are chosen according to application of dust-minimizing materials, for example, CaCl2 and oil emulsion. According to our results, none of the soil samples had an excess of heavy metal concentration limit. Besides, heavy metal concentrations were decreasing with a distance from the road increasing. We can make an assumption that road dust-minimizing materials do not have a significant impact on heavy metal distribution in roadside soils. The major factors of heavy metal pollution distribution in roadside soils are traffic intensity, roadside trenches, and topographic conditions. Santrauka Eksploatuojant autotransportą, į aplinką patenka daug sunkiųjų metalų. Atlikta nemažai tyrimų sunkiųjų metalų paplitimuidirvožemyje šalia intensyvių magistralinių kelių nustatyti, tačiau mažo intensyvumo keliai šiuo požiūriu tiriami mažai.Tirti pasirinkta 4 žvyrkeliai – vietinės reikšmvs keliai, jungiantys nedideles gyvenvietes. Eismo intensyvumas šiuose keliuose mažas. Žvyrkeliai pasirinkti pagal taikomas priemones dulkėtumui mažinti, t. y. du nagrinvjami žvyrkeliai apdorotiCaCl2, kiti du – naftos emulsija. Nė viename mėginyje sunkiųjų metalų koncentracijos neviršijo DLK, o tolstant nuo važiuojamosios kelio dalies sunkiųjų metalų koncentracijos buvo mažesnės. Galima daryti prielaidą, kad kelio apdorojimo medžiagos dulkėtumui mažinti žymios įtakos sunkiųjų metalų pasiskirstymui pakelių dirvožemyje nedaro, lemia transporto srauto intensyvumas, kelio grioviai pakelėse bei reljefo sąlygos. Резюме При эксплуатации автомобилей в окружающую среду попадает много тяжелых металлов. Проведено немалоисследований, посвященных анализу распространения тяжелых металлов в почве обочин интенсивно эксплуатируемых магистральных дорог, однако исследований, касающихся аналогичных проблем дорог малой интенсивности, в настоящее время имеется немного. В настоящей работе в качестве объекта исследований выбраны четыредороги местного значения с гравийным покрытием, соединяющие небольшие поселения. Интенсивность дорог небольшая. Гравийные дороги выбраны с учетом их обработки для уменьшения пыльности – две дороги обработаны с применением CaCl2, а две другие – с применением нефтяной эмульсии. Ни в одной пробе не былозафиксировано концентраций тяжелых металлов, превышающих допустимые нормами. С удалением от проезжей части концентрации тяжелых металлов уменьшались. На основании исследований можно сделать вывод о том,что материалы, применявшиеся для уменьшения пыльности дорог, большого влияния на распространениетяжелых металлов в почве обочин дорог не оказывают. На распространение тяжелых металлов в почве обочин оказывает влияние интенсивность транспортного потока, кюветы на обочинах и условия рельефа.

A review of heavy metals in indoor dust and its human health-risk implications

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sock Yin Tan ◽  
Sarva Mangala Praveena ◽  
Emilia Zainal Abidin ◽  
Manraj Singh Cheema
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Indoor Dust

AbstractIndoor dust acts as a media for heavy metal deposition. Past studies have shown that heavy metal concentration in indoor dust is affected by local human activities and atmospheric transport can have harmful effects on human health. Additionally, children are more sensitive to heavy metals due to their hand-to-mouth behaviour and rapid body development. However, limited information on health risks were found in past dust studies as these studies aimed to identify heavy metal concentrations and sources of indoor dust. The objective of this review is to discuss heavy metal concentration and sources influencing its concentration in indoor dust. Accordingly, high lead (Pb) concentration (639.10 μg/g) has been reported in heavy traffic areas. In addition, this review paper aims to estimate the health risk to children from heavy metals in indoor dust via multiple exposure pathways using the health-risk assessment (HRA). Urban areas and industrial sites have revealed high heavy metal concentration in comparison to rural areas. Hazard index (HI) values found in arsenic (As), chromium (Cr) and Pb were 21.30, 1.10 and 2.40, respectively, indicate that non-carcinogenic elements are found in children. Furthermore, most of the past studies have found that carcinogenic risks for As, cadmium (Cd), Cr and Pb were below the acceptable total lifetime cancer risk (TLCR) range (1×10

scholarly journals Elemental Profile of Heavy Metals in Garden cress, Coriander, Lettuce and Spinach, Commonly Cultivated in Kahrizak, South of Tehran- Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Kazem Souri ◽  
Neda Alipanahi ◽  
Mansoure Hatamian ◽  
Mohammad Ahmadi ◽  
Tsehaye Tesfamariam
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Garden Cress ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations

Abstract Heavy metal accumulation in vegetable tissues often poses a great risk for human health. In the present study, accumulation of heavy metal in green leafy vegetable crops of coriander, garden cress, lettuce and spinach were evaluated under waste water irrigation in fields located in Kahrizak, on the southern edge of the metropolitan city of Tehran, Iran. Atomic absorption spectrophotometery was used for determination of heavy metal concentrations in leaf tissue. The results showed that heavy metal concentrations in soil and irrigation water were significantly high than allowable levels. Analysis of plant leaf tissue showed that spinach and garden cress accumulated higher concentrations of heavy metals compared to coriander and lettuce plants. Central leaves of lettuce showed the lowest heavy metal concentration compared to outer leaves or leaves of other vegetable crops, and can be the safer product for fresh consumption. The results indicate that the vegetables produced in the region are not suitable for fresh consumption and the agricultural activities should change towards ornamental or industrial crops production.

scholarly journals Evaluation of removal of heavy metals by microorganisms isolated from industrial effluents

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
S.A. Bhutada ◽  
S.B. Dahikar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Mutational Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Strain Improvement ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Plate Count

At present various microorganisms are used for bioremediation of heavy metals from soil and water bodies. The aim of present work was to isolate the potential heavy metal degrading organisms and to apply for bioremediation of heavy metals from the domestic as well as industrial waste. The study involves the isolation of the bacterial species residing the natural habitat of such environments and screening of these isolates to degrade different heavy metals such as Cu, Cd, Hg, Ni, and Zn  up to the concentration 2000 ppm. There were six bacterial potential isolates  found namely Pseudomonas spp., (3), Achromobacter spp., Uncultured Microbacterium spp., and Exigoubacterium spp., which showing the growth up to the concentration of 2000 ppm. The potency of the six potential isolates was determined by using the conventional plate count technique.  The percentage removal of analyzed by the use of ICP-AES technique. The study shows isolation of the species which can remove heavy metal up to 60%. It was also found that the increase in the incubation time causes more reduction in the heavy metal concentration. The mutational analysis of the isolates for the strain improvement process shows that the Exigoubacterium species can grow at 3000 ppm heavy metal concentration and showed 60% reduction in heavy metal. This highly potential species can be used for the removal of different heavy metals which is also a viable, eco friendly and cost effective technology for cleanup of the environment. 

scholarly journals Heavy metals contamination of the sediments of the south-eastern Baltic Sea: the impact of economic development

Baltica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
Alexander Krek ◽  
Aleksandr Danchenkov ◽  
Marina Ulyanova ◽  
Darya Ryabchuk
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Heavy Metals Contamination ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Eastern Baltic

The scope of the study was to assess the impact of potential sources of Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, and Cr on bottom sediments of the Russian sector of the south-eastern Baltic Sea. A total of 68 samples were taken and analyzed for grain-size (laser diffraction and sieve method) and heavy metal concentration (atomic absorption spectroscopy method). To avoid the influence of the sorption capacity of the fine-grained sediments to accumulate the pollutants, the normalization of the heavy metal concentration to Fe was applied. The environmental indices (contamination factor and modified degree of contamination) were calculated. The research has shown the contribution of oil platform, pipelines, ports and wastewater treatment facilities on the geochemical composition of bottom sediments. The authors have identified the level of heavy metals contamination of the middle parts of the Curonian and Vistula spits as a result of alongshore transport of pollutants.

scholarly journals Determination of Heavy Metals in Soil and Plants along Major Road in Hong Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Nachana’a Timothy
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Major Road ◽  
Roadside Soils ◽  
The Road

Heavy metal concentration in roadside soil and plants are increasingly becoming of health concern. This work determined the concentration of selected heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Co, Ni and Cu) in roadside soils and plants samples from selected sites (Plaifu, Shiwa, Fadama-rake and Damdrai) along major road in Hong. Soil samples were taken 10 m, 20 m and 30 m away from the edge of the road at the  depth of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm. Plant samples were randomly collected within the vicinity where the soil samples were taken and were analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The result revealed the trend in soil heavy metal concentration was Fe > Mn > Mg > Pb > Zn > Ni > Co > Cu > Cr > Cd and for plant the trend was Fe > Mn > Mg > Zn > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cd > Co > Cr. The concentrations decreased with increasing distance away from the edge of the road as well as with depth at which the soil sample were taken. The transfer factor showed that the concentration of Zn, Mn, Cu and Mg were greater than 1, which shows that plant were enriched by Zn, Mn, Cu and Mg from the soil. Mg and Cd equal to 1 at Plaifu and Damdrai. Most of the values of TF at the study area super pass 0.5, which implies that generally, the ability of bioaccumulation of these heavy metals in examined plants were relatively high.

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