scholarly journals LEVERAGE INDUCED FINANCIAL DISTRESS OF MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN BANGLADESH: A COMPARISON BETWEEN LISTED MNCS AND DOMESTIC FIRMS BY APPLYING ALTMAN’S Z SCORE MODEL

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-43
Author(s):  
Syed Mohammad Khaled Rahman ◽  
Md. Khairul Islam ◽  
Md. Mofazzal Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Financial Distress ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Grey Zone ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Total Debt ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Domestic Companies

Financial distress arises from excessive debt capital. The purpose of the study was to determine Altman's Z score and analyze as well as compare the effect of debt on Z scores of listed MNCs & domestic companies of Bangladesh over 24 years (1996-2019). The study was based on secondary data. Seven local companies and seven MNCs were selected as a sample from six manufacturing industrial sectors. It was found that on average one local firm was in the grey zone and the rest 13 firms were in the safe zone (Z scores>2.99). MNCs’ Z scores were significantly higher than that of domestic companies. The grand mean of the Z score of MNCs was 5.398 while that of domestic companies was 4.155. In the case of domestic companies, Z score changes by 0.01 or 0.24% for a 1% change of total debt in opposite direction. MNCs’ Z score decreases by 0.005 or 0.073% for a 1% increase of total debt. Domestic companies should increase Z score by redesigning the capital structure and improving basic earning power. The study has practical implications for corporate managers, policymakers, investors, and government because future strategy, policy, and business performance depend on the zone in which the firms are situated. JEL Classification Codes: G30, G32, G39.  

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENILAIAN FINANCIAL DISTRESS MENGGUNAKAN MODEL ALTMAN (Z-SCORE) PADA PERUSAHAAN FARMASI YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2013-2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Sri Yati ◽  
Katarina Intan Afni Patunrui
Keyword(s):  
Financial Distress ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Book Value ◽  
Total Debt ◽  
Score Model

This study aims to observe the financial distress assessment for pharmaceutical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange using the Altman Z-Score model. The sample is selected using purposive sampling method. Ten pharmaceutical companies were selected with the criteria listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) and regularly published financial reports in 2013 until 2015. Secondary data was derived from www.idx.co.id site.  The results indicate that the Altman Z-Score model can be implemented in detecting the possibility of financial distress in the pharmaceutical company. Working capital to total assets and book value equity to book value of total debt are two determinant variables which is determining the decrease in Z-score value in this research.  One from ten companies have the lowest value of the Z-Score and experiencing financial distress. For two years, the company is in distress zones but in the third year, the company is managed to increase the value of the company and included in the gray zones. This company must continue to strive in order to stabilize the company's financial and asset utilization to obtain maximum profit, and until it was declared as a healthy company.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN UNTUK MEMPREDIKSI FINANCIAL DISTRESS MENGGUNAKAN METODE Z-SCORE PADA PT INDOFARMA, TBK (studi pada BEI periode 2012-2016)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danuk Windasari ◽  
Budi Rahayu ◽  
Marwita Andarini
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Financial Distress ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Ratio Analysis ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
Gray Area ◽  
Score Method ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

Ratio analysis is one of the important tools to know the company's financial position. One of its uses is used to predict financial distress. The purpose of this study is to determine the company's financial performance in predicting financial distress at PT Indofarma Tbk through the Z-Score method for the period 2012-2016. The type of research used is quantitative descriptive. Data obtained from secondary data is through the site www.idx.co.id. The results showed that PT Indofarma Tbk in its financial performance in the years under study was less efficient or faced the threat of serious bankruptcy, whereas in the previous year the company was in a gray area or prone condition. Analisis rasio merupakan salah satu alat penting mengetahui posisi keuangan perusahaan. Salah satu kegunaanya digunakan untuk memprediksi financial distress. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kinerja keuangan perusahaan dalam memprediksi fianancial distress pada PT Indofarma Tbk meflalui metode Z-Score periode 2012-2016. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan deskriptif kuantitatif. Data yang diperoleh dari data sekunder yaitu melalui situs www.idx.co.id. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PT Indofarma Tbk dalam kinerja keuangannya pada tahun-tahun yang diteliti kurang efisien atau menghadapi ancaman kebangkrutan serius, sedangkan ditahun sebelumnya perusahaan berada pada kondisi grey area atau rawan .

scholarly journals Leverage and Corporate Financial Distress in Nigeria: A Panel Data Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucky Anyike Lucky ◽  
Agilebu Ogechi Michael
Keyword(s):  
Financial Distress ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Equity Capital ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Financial Leverage ◽  
Total Debt ◽  
Equity Ratio ◽  
Positive Effect

This study examined the effect leverage on corporate financial distress of quoted manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The objective is to examine if financial leverage have any effect on financial distress of the Nigeria firms. Cross sectional data was sourced from financial statement of ten quoted manufacturing firms. Z-Score and Changes in operating profits was proxy for corporate financial distress while debt equity ratio, short, long term debt and total debt to total assets were proxy for leverage. After cross examination of the validity of the pooled effect, fixed effect and the random effect, the study accepts the fixed effect model.  Findings reveal that financial leverage have positive effect on financial distress measured by the z-score while total debt ratio and debt equity ratio have positive effect on financial distress measured by changes on operating profits while  short term debt and long term debt have negative effect on operating profits. From the regression summary, the study concludes that leverage have significant effect on corporate financial distress. We recommend that Financial structure of the manufacturing firms ought to be adequately planned to safeguard the interest of the equity holders, shareholders and financial requirements of the firm and the firms should formulate policies of increasing its equity capital as oppose to debt and that Implementable investment policies should be formulated and the business environment should be well examined. Recognizing faults of investment might be paramount to develop the business’s financial performance, since it specifies the loopholes which corrective decision can be applied.

scholarly journals Analysis of Accuracy Level of Altman Z-Score Model and Springate Model in Measuring the Potential of Financial Distress in Plantations Industries

2019 ◽  
pp. 16-25
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Financial Distress ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Financial Data ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
Accuracy Level ◽  
Score Model

This study aimed to analyze the level of bankruptcy using Altman Z-Score model of modifications and models Springate, the Plantations Company period 2014-2017. The data used in this research is secondary data, financial data Plantations Company taken from the site www.idx.co.id. Based on the results of this study show that the model of the Altman Z-Score modification Plantations Industries was having financial difficulties which would be potentially bankrupt, it can be seen from the Z-Score of less than 1.1 in the period 2014-2017 and no different from using a model that generates value Springate S-Score <0.862 means that the financial performance Plantations company are experiencing financial difficulties during the 2014-2017 period and potentially going bankrupt.

scholarly journals Altman Z-Score Vs Zmijewski X-Score Dalam Memprediksi Kebangkrutan Perusahaan (Studi Kasus PT Tiga Pilar Sejahtera (AISA) Tahun 2015-2017)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Fanita Dahni
Keyword(s):  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Safe Condition ◽  
Different Characteristics

Many kind of methods for predicting bankruptcy have their respective characteristics and each methods have different characteristics. The results of the calculation of each method can give the same or even different results. In this study intended to predict whether the PT Tiga Pilar Sejahtera Food, Tbk (AISA) the results of the Altman Z-Scores and Zmijewski calculations have the same results, both of which can predict the company bankrupt, not bankrupt, or both models produce different results. In conducting this research, the author uses descriptive study methods and case studies. The data used are secondary data obtained from the company's official website. The research proves that: (1) Altman Z-Score calculation predicts that AISA indicates bankruptcy in the 2015-2017 period; (2) Zmijewski X-Score calculation predicts that AISA is in safe condition; (3) There are differences in the calculation results between Altman Z-Score and Zmijewski X-Score; (4) Differences can be triggered by differences in the ratio components used in the calculation of each method. This research is only a description of the company's condition which is not 100% correct. The results of the calculation methods are used as an evaluation in the future so that the company can improve its performance. This research can also be used as an illustration to make investment decisions for investors.

scholarly journals The Application of Altman’s Z-Score Model in Predicting Bankruptcy: Evidence from the Trading Sector in Sri Lanka

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aloy Niresh J. ◽  
Pratheepan T.
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Financial Distress ◽  
Safe Zone ◽  
Grey Zone ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
Score Model

Prediction of bankruptcy is crucial as the early warning may change entire complications and may avoid the high cost that is associated with distress. The main purpose of this study is to examine the likelihood of bankruptcy of the firms belonging to the Trading Sector in Sri Lanka. The research used data from the financial reports of seven trading companies for a period of the last five years from 2010 to 2014. Altman’s original (1968) bankruptcy model has been applied in order to classify the companies in various levels of financial position namely safe, grey and distress. Findings reveal that 71% of the companies belonging to the Trading Sector were in financial distress and the rest of whole 29% were in the grey zone. The fact that none of the companies lie under the safe zone highlights that as a whole the sector is in a menace.

Peran financial distress Altman memediasi kinerja keuangan terhadap harga saham pada BUMN di BEI

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-40
Author(s):  
Mia Laksmiwati ◽  
◽  
Sugeng Priyanto ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Financial Distress ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Score Method ◽  
Program Sample

Purpose: Testing the effect of financial performance consisting of CR, DER, ROA, TATO on stock prices with Financial Distress as the mediating variable. Research methodology: The data are secondary data in the form of financial reports. This research method uses Path Analysis, and to analyze the data using the SPSS version 25 program. Sample of 16 companies listed on the BEI in 2014-2018. Results: CR, ROA affect FD while DER, TATO do not affect FD. Only TATO has a direct effect on stock prices. FD with the Altman Z score method only indicates the DER. Limitations: The historical data used is limited, 5-year time series and the variables: six variables and Altman Z Score method. Contribution: Non-bank SOEs pay attention to CR, DER and ROA that have not influenced share prices and maintain the performance of TATO. SOE must conduct FD analysis, which is an early warning system, solutions can be found immediately if predicted will experience financial difficulties in the future. Keywords: Financial performance, Financial distress, Stock price

ANALISIS FINANCIAL DISTRESS STUDI EMPIRIS PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG LISTING DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Abdonsius Sitanggang
Keyword(s):  
Financial Distress ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Financial Health ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
Total Debt ◽  
Manufacturing Company ◽  
Positive Effect

The research aims to analyze the financial conditions to assess financial health at a manufacturing company in Indonesia Stock Exchange Listings. The benefits of the research is to provide material information to management and stakeholders regarding financial health as a material consideration for management or other parties, such as investors and potential investors, creditors and other parties for decision making. The population of the research was the financial report of a manufacturing company in Indonesia stock exchange listing as many as 140 companies. Sample research is as many as 30 companies. Opersionalisasi research is variable: the ratio of working capital to Total Assets, the ratio of net income to Total Assets was detained, the ratio of EBIT to Total Assets, and the ratio of the value of the capital markets themselves by taking action against Total Debt in 2009-2011. The required data are secondary data collected through technical documentation, data analysis techniques used are descriptive method. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that corporate financial kondish manufacturing Indonesia stock exchange listings are rated from financial ratios, that ratio analysis is not membarikan a clear picture to stakeholders about health conditions and symptoms of the bankruptcy of the company. The listhne manufacturing company in BEI has not used the Z-Score model to know their financial health. Sporting results results of the discriminant equation obtained data 0, 553X1 0, 507X2 0, 409X3 0, 009X4. The value of the discriminant tells us that the ratio of working capital to Total Assets, the ratio of net income to Total Assets was detained, the ratio of EBIT to Total Assets and the ratio of the value of Own capital market Debt to Total positive effect of bankruptcy prediction manufacturing company listed in the stock exchange Inonesia. Wilks Lambda test results show that the ratio of working capital to Total Assets Ratio Return on hold, with a Total Assets, the ratio of EBIT to Total assets and market value of private equity with Total debt, significant positive effect on the symptoms of a manufacturing company in bankruptcy listings in Indonesia stock exchange. The z-score of 2009 indicates that its financial condition healthy companies as much as 22 companies and there are 8 companies in financial distress, indicating conditions are forecast to be bankrupt. In 2010, there were 21 companies that have a healthy financial condition while nine companies in In 2011, there are 24 companies that have a healthy financial condition while 6 company again in conditions of financial distress which indicates the forecast will go bankrupt. The advice given as consideration to the company is the company should implement a Z-Score method for knowing the financial condition, whether in financial distress or in kodisi healthy so that management and the users of the financial statements and other information to assess and predict the likelihood of the presence of symptoms of the bankruptcy of the company

Measuring financial distress of non-bank financial institutions of Bangladesh using Altman’s Z-Score model

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 15-28
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rifat Rahman ◽  
Md. Mufidur Rahman ◽  
Athkia Subat
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Financial Distress ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Financial Soundness ◽  
The Government

Non-bank financial institutions (NBFIs) are recognized as the fundamental of a financial market as they complement the banking institutions. Since 1981, NBFIs have been playing a vital role in the economic growth of Bangladesh. Unfortunately, in the recent years most of the NBFIs have been found financially distressed. However, few NBFIs that were included in our sample claimed themselves as potential companies with sound financial performance though it was highly criticized. Therefore, the motivation for conducting this study is to examine the financial soundness of selected NBFIs using Altman’s Z score (1995). This study involved 20 NBFIs out of 23 Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) listed institutions, which were selected based on information availability by considering A, B and Z categories from 2014 to 2018 period. The secondary data were collected from the annual reports of the selected companies over the period. The findings are as follows: 95% of the 20 NBFIs were in distress zone during the study period and only 5% NBFIs were in safe zone during 2017-2018 period. Therefore, the analysis predicted that within the upcoming years a few of the NBFIs will be approaching bankruptcy. Finally, it is suggested that the government, respective regulatory authority, and policy makers to pay an immediate attention on mitigating the factors affecting the financial distress.

Is Financial Distress Value Relevant? – Implications for Multiple-Based Valuation

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Goetz
Keyword(s):  
Financial Distress ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Target Firm ◽  
Distress Risk ◽  
Percentage Difference ◽  
Standard And Poor's ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Relative Valuation

AbstractIn relative valuation peer groups of comparable companies are essential to derive the value of the firm. Valuing a target firm that is in financial distress by using a set of healthy peer group firms probably leads to an overvaluation. We examine whether the financial distress risk has an influence on a company’s value and quantify the discount through financial distress. We identify financial distress by Standard and Poor’s long-term issuer ratings and Altman’s z″-score. We then match the identified firms in financial distress with healthy counterparts that are comparable in value relevant characteristics, i. e. profitability, risk, and growth, to estimate the percentage difference in valuation multiples. Using rating information, in every year almost half of the companies are in financial distress whereas by Altman’s z″-score about 20% of the companies in the sample are in financial distress. We find that the discount caused by financial distress makes up about 4–7% of firm value. The discount increases for lower rating classes and lower z″-scores. Besides the degree of financial distress, market downturns as the financial crisis affect the distress discount.

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