Effects of 12-week multi-component exercise training on risk factors for falling in female young-old adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-376
Author(s):  
Hyo Jeong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Risk Factors For Falling ◽  
Young Old

scholarly journals The tide has turned: incidence of depression declined in community living young-old adults over one decade

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.W. Jeuring ◽  
E.O. Hoogendijk ◽  
H.C. Comijs ◽  
D.J.H. Deeg ◽  
A.T.F. Beekman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Cohort Differences ◽  
Early Cohort ◽  
Young Old ◽  
Recent Cohort

Abstract Aims Studying birth-cohort differences in depression incidence and their explanatory factors may provide insight into the aetiology of depression and could help to optimise prevention strategies to reduce the worldwide burden of depression. Methods Data were used from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, a nationally representative study among community dwelling older adults in the Netherlands. Cohort differences in depression incidence over a 10-year-period (score ⩾16 on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale) were tested using a cohort-sequential-longitudinal-design, comparing two identically measured cohorts of non-depressed 55–64-year-olds, born 10-years apart. Baseline measurements took place in 1992/93 (early cohort, n = 794), and 2002/03 (recent cohort, n = 771). As indicated by the dynamic equilibrium model of depression, potential explanatory factors were distinguished in risk and protective factors. Results The incidence rates for depression in the early and recent cohort were 1.91 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.59–2.27) and 1.60 (95% CI 1.31–1.94) per 100 person-years, respectively. A 29% risk reduction in depression incidence was observed in the recent cohort (HRcohort: 0.71, 95% CI 0.54–0.92, p = 0.011), as compared with the early cohort, even though average levels of risk factors such as chronic disease and functional limitations had increased. This reduction was primarily explained by increased levels of education, mastery and labour market participation. Conclusions These findings suggest that favourable developments of protective factors have counterbalanced unfavourable effects of risk factors on the incidence of depression, resulting in a net reduction of depression incidence among young-old adults. However, maintaining a good physical health must be a priority to further decrease depression rates.

Comparison of Risk Factors of Falling for Psychiatric Inpatients and General Ward Inpatients Who Had Fallen

2021 ◽  
pp. 107839032110330
Author(s):  
Wen P. Chang ◽  
Hsiu J. Jen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
General Ward ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Risk Of Falling ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Risk Factors For Falling

BACKGROUND: For psychiatric patients, the issue of falling is complex. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the risk factors for falling in psychiatric inpatients and general ward inpatients who had fallen. METHODS: The researchers first derived official fall records for 122 psychiatric inpatients and then selected 122 psychiatric inpatients who had not fallen as well as 122 general ward patients who had fallen, matched for gender, age, and length of hospital stay at the time of the fall incident. RESULTS: After controlling other variables, multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that psychiatric inpatients who had fallen and had dizziness (odds ratio [OR] = 7.11, p < .001), had an unsteady gait (OR = 1.97, p = .030), or were not using aids (OR = 0.42, p = .042) were at greater risk of falling than those who had not fallen. The researchers also found that general ward inpatients who had fallen and had higher Charlson Comorbidity Index scores (OR = 1.77, p < .001), were clear-headed (OR = 27.15, p = .001), had dizziness (OR = 11.55, p < .001), were unable to walk (OR = 64.28, p < .001), or were using aids (OR = 3.86, p = .001) were at greater risk of falling than those who had not fallen before. CONCLUSIONS: The causes of falling among psychiatric inpatients and general ward inpatients are different. Medical personnel should understand the medications and attributes of patients for an accurate assessment of their risk factors for falling and thus implement fall prevention measures and health education to reduce falls.

scholarly journals The prevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 among blood donors in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Chang ◽  
Wangheng Hou ◽  
Lei Zhao ◽  
Yali Zhang ◽  
Yanbin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Effective Public Health ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among blood donors in the cities of Wuhan, Shenzhen, and Shijiazhuang in China. From January to April 2020, 38,144 healthy blood donors in the three cities were tested for total antibody against SARS-CoV-2 followed by pseudotype SARS-CoV-2 neutralization tests, IgG, and IgM antibody testing. Finally, a total of 398 donors were confirmed positive. The age- and sex-standardized SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among 18–60 year-old adults (18–65 year-old in Shenzhen) was 2.66% (95% CI: 2.24%–3.07%) in Wuhan, 0.033% (95% CI: 0.0029%–0.267%) in Shenzhen, and 0.0028% (95% CI: 0.0001%–0.158%) in Shijiazhuang, respectively. Female sex and older-age were identified to be independent risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among blood donors in Wuhan. As most of the population of China remained uninfected during the early wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, effective public health measures are still certainly required to block viral spread before a vaccine is widely available.

scholarly journals Changes in the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Are Associated with Improvements in Diabetes Risk Factors after Exercise Training in Adolescents with Obesity: The HEARTY Randomized Controlled Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy J. Walsh ◽  
Amedeo D’Angiulli ◽  
Jameason D. Cameron ◽  
Ronald J. Sigal ◽  
Glen P. Kenny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Diabetes Risk Factors ◽  
The Brain

Obesity in youth increases the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and both are risk factors for neurocognitive deficits. Exercise attenuates the risk of obesity and T2D while improving cognitive function. In adults, these benefits are associated with the actions of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein critical in modulating neuroplasticity, glucose regulation, fat oxidation, and appetite regulation in adults. However, little research exists in youth. This study examined the associations between changes in diabetes risk factors and changes in BDNF levels after 6 months of exercise training in adolescents with obesity. The sample consisted of 202 postpubertal adolescents with obesity (70% females) aged 14–18 years who were randomized to 6 months of aerobic and/or resistance training or nonexercise control. All participants received a healthy eating plan designed to induce a 250/kcal deficit per day. Resting serum BDNF levels and diabetes risk factors, such as fasting glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-B—beta cell insulin secretory capacity) and (HOMA-IS—insulin sensitivity), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), were measured after an overnight fast at baseline and 6 months. There were no significant intergroup differences on changes in BDNF or diabetes risk factors. In the exercise group, increases in BDNF were associated with reductions in fasting glucose (β = −6.57, SE = 3.37, p=0.05) and increases in HOMA-B (β = 0.093, SE = 0.03, p=0.004) after controlling for confounders. No associations were found between changes in diabetes risk factors and BDNF in controls. In conclusion, exercise-induced reductions in some diabetes risk factors were associated with increases in BDNF in adolescents with obesity, suggesting that exercise training may be an effective strategy to promote metabolic health and increases in BDNF, a protein favoring neuroplasticity. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00195858, September 12, 2005 (funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research).

scholarly journals Functional high-intensity exercise training ameliorates insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk factors in type 2 diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (7) ◽  
pp. 985-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciarán E. Fealy ◽  
Stephan Nieuwoudt ◽  
Julie A. Foucher ◽  
Amanda R. Scelsi ◽  
Steven K. Malin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

scholarly journals Familial Aggregation of Blood Lipid Response to Exercise Training in the Health, Risk Factors, Exercise Training, and Genetics (HERITAGE) Family Study

Circulation ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 105 (16) ◽  
pp. 1904-1908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Treva Rice ◽  
Jean-Pierre Després ◽  
Louis Pérusse ◽  
Yuling Hong ◽  
Michael A. Province ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Family Study ◽  
Familial Aggregation ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Health Risk Factors ◽  
Lipid Response ◽  
Response To Exercise

scholarly journals Age-Friendliness and Life Satisfaction of Young-Old and Old-Old in Hong Kong

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alma M. L. Au ◽  
Stephen C. Y. Chan ◽  
H. M. Yip ◽  
Jackie Y. C. Kwok ◽  
K. Y. Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Specific Aspect ◽  
World Health ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Young Old

Age-friendliness, promoted by the World Health Organization (WHO), aims to enable and support individuals in different aspects of life for fostering life satisfaction and personal well-being as they age. We identified specific aspect(s) of age-friendliness associated with life satisfaction and examined similarities and differences in age-friendliness and life satisfaction in young-old and old-old adults. Six hundred and eighty-two ageing adults were asked to complete a survey questionnaire consisting of the Age-friendly City Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and sociodemographic variables. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the effects of various domains of age-friendliness on life satisfaction among the young-old adults (aged 65 to 74, n=351) and the old-old adults (aged 75 to 97, n=331). Common domains associated with life satisfaction in both young-old and old-old groups were transportation and social participation. Community and health services were associated with life satisfaction for the young-old group only. On the other hand, civic participation and employment was significantly associated with the old-old group only. Social participation is important for the young-old and the old-old. Ageing older adults can be a resource to the society. Implications for promoting and implementing age-friendliness were discussed in the context of successful and productive ageing and the need for a more refined taxonomy of social activities.

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