scholarly journals Racial and Religious Determinants of Terrorism in Western Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (71) ◽  
pp. 44-61
Author(s):  
Kostyantyn B. Marysyuk ◽  
Mykhailo V. Huzela ◽  
Nataliia D. Slotvinska ◽  
Ivo Svoboda ◽  
Igor G. Kudrya
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Method Comparison ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Current State ◽  
Graphic Analysis ◽  
Racial Issues ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Cultural Sphere ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Terrorist Acts

The gradual rapprochement between peoples, cultures, beliefs involve numerous conflicts with indigenous peoples on ethnic or religious grounds. These conflicts tend to turn into articulation of radical positions and extremist activities. The aim of this study was to analyze the current state of terrorist acts and identify the determinants of terrorism on racial and religious grounds in Western Europe. The statistical method, comparison, graphic analysis, analysis of the Global Index of Terrorism; The European Union reports on the situation and trends of terrorism, as well as the research on terrorism-related issues for 2011-2021, were used as empirical research methods. It is determined that the UK, France, Germany, Greece, Belgium, Spain, Italy, and Sweden are subject to the highest risk of terrorist acts. It was proved that the determinants of terrorism are localized in relation to key issues related to the state of the economic sphere, social development, as well as the spiritual and cultural sphere. Emphasis is placed on the need to overcome the problems associated with terrorist activities by formulating a policy of national means of resolving ethnic and racial issues and active international cooperation. Further research will identify key determinants of terrorism in Eastern Europe.

scholarly journals More Competitiveness of the Port of Koper Through Supply Chain Integration

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-257
Author(s):  
Igor Trupac ◽  
Elen Twrdy
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Supply Chain Integration ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Current State ◽  
Eastern And Western Europe ◽  
Strategic Goal

With the European Union growing eastwards and with the establishment of important production facilities in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the hinterland potential is bound to grow even more. The strategic goal of the Port of Koper is to become one of the best ports in the Southern Europe, to develop from a handling port into a commodity distributional centre. Penetrating and exploiting these markets demands cooperation (integration) with the existing inland terminals (logistic centres) and establishing of new ones positioned between Eastern and Western Europe. This paper aims to present and analyse: (I) supply chains of the flow of goods through the Port of Koper to/from the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, (II) the current state and strategies to optimize the flow of goods, (III) market potential, investments in new terminals and capacities. KEY WORDS: Port of Koper, strategies, goals, supply chains, integration, new terminals, market potential, investments

scholarly journals Not ‘Rolling Back the State’

2021 ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Stuard Holland
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
New Deal ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Ronald Reagan ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Margaret Thatcher ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk

One of the premises of rising neoliberalism from the 1980s had been the claim of Ronald Reagan that government is the problem not the solution, readily endorsed, in parallel, by Margaret Thatcher on coming into government. Drawing on a range of international examples this paper shows that this was utterly uninformed, that deregulation of finance in the US led to the worst financial crisis in 2008 since 1929 and that Thatcher's scrapping of the 1970s Labour governments' industrial policy instruments led to major de-industrialisation in the UK which influenced the 'No' vote in the 2016 referendum on whether Britain should remain in the European Union. While the US nonetheless pursued an industrial policy by stealth which promoted a range of advanced technology corporations and that Germany, embodying liberal market principles after WW2, recently has endorsed the case for not only a German but also European industrial policy and led in advocating a European Green New Deal modelled on the Roosevelt New Deal which recovered the US from The Depression of the early 1930s and convinced Truman to support the Marshall Aid programme that also recovered Western Europe after the cataclysm of WW2.

scholarly journals Withdrawal of European Soil Framework Directive: Reasons and Recommendations

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yijia Chen
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
Current State ◽  
Official Statement ◽  
The Uk

The European Soil Framework Directive was the first policy approach of soil protection at the European level. It had an objective to protect soils across Europe and maintain the sustainability of soil functions. Notwithstanding the significance of the directive along with both the current state and the trend of the soil in Europe were negative, it had been strongly blocked by five member states of the European Union since it was adopted in 2006, encompassing the UK, Germany, France, the Netherlands, and Austria. The proposal was withdrawn formally on 21 May 2014 by the European Commission without any official statement of reasons. Consequently, this study aimed at the reasons for the withdrawal and the amendments to the directive, which contributed to restoring its role in soil conservation. It ascertained the reasons and proved some recommendations principally via a deductive approach and qualitative research. The results demonstrated that the resistance of the five main blocking countries was the direct factor in the withdrawal. Behind the statements of opponents, financial difficulties and political issues were the possible underlying reasons. Hence, the European Commission could arrange more meetings and change some provisions to eliminate the misunderstanding with its member states. On the other hand, it is sensible for the opponents to be more flexible to deal with the directive, for instance, establishing the benefits from the articles as well as more approaches for solving the problem of financial shortage.

scholarly journals ‘Winning Back Control’: Migration, Borders and Visions of Political Community

2021 ◽  
pp. 002088172110020
Author(s):  
Oliver Schmidtke
Keyword(s):  
Policy Formation ◽  
Political Community ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Major Reform ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Integration Project ◽  
The Eu

This article focuses on the governance of migration and borders as key issues of Brexit in a dual sense: as a contested political issue centrally fueling the Brexit debates and as an area of policy formation. First, the article addresses how Brexit has changed free movement as a key principle of the European integration project and transformed cross-border mobility between the European Union (EU) and the UK in a post-Brexit European border regime. Second, it discusses how the politicization of migration during the Brexit campaign has accentuated competing visions of political community. With a view to the effects of Brexit on the governance of migration and borders in Europe, the article demonstrates how the Brexit debates have emphasized the prominence of exclusionary nationalism, while they have simultaneously created new opportunities for the EU to launch a major reform of its migration and asylum policies.

The Marrakesh Copyright Treaty for those with visual disabilities and its implications in the European Union and in the United Kingdom

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Oppenheim
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Visual Disabilities ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Current State ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Marrakesh Treaty ◽  
The Eu

A review is provided of the current state of play for the Marrakesh Treaty providing exceptions to copyright, allowing those with visual disabilities or organisations acting on their behalf to make accessible copies of works, in order to assist those with such visual disabilities. A key feature of this Treaty is the fact that it is the first international copyright treaty that gives users, as opposed to copyright holders, explicit rights that cannot be overridden by contract or by technical protection measures. Another key feature is that it provides users with the possibility of receiving ‘accessible copies’ of works from abroad. The current situation regarding implementation of the Treaty with 88 countries signing up to it, but only 25 so far having ratified it, is provided, together with an analysis of the position in the European Union (EU) and an analysis of the United Kingdom’s curiously inconsistent attitude towards the Treaty, when compared to its own even more generous provisions for those with all disabilities, not just visual ones. An explanation of this inconsistent approach – the intense euroscepticism of the UK Government leading to its unwillingness to let the EU pass directives, together with the manner in which the problem has been bypassed by the European Court of Justice – is given.

Part III Financial Sectors and Activities, 18 Wholesale Investment Firms

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walker George ◽  
Purves Robert ◽  
Blair Michael
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Financial Instruments ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Current State ◽  
Financial Services Regulation ◽  
The Uk ◽  
European Markets

This chapter examines the UK regulatory framework governing wholesale investment firms. It first provides a brief historical overview of the evolution of regulation with respect to investment firms, from the Anderson Report to the Bodkin Report, the Prevention of Fraud (Investments) Acts 1939/1958, and the Gower Report. The chapter proceeds by discussing the Investment Services Directive 1993, the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (FMSA), and the Financial Services Act 2012. It also considers the current state of financial services regulation in the European Union by focusing on the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive and the European Markets Infrastructure Regulation. Finally, it analyses the Prudential Regulation Authority's (PRA) Fundamental Rules and the Financial Conduct Authority's (FCA) Principles for Businesses, financial promotions and client communications under FMSA, and rules on dealing in securities and conflicts of interest.

scholarly journals Barriers to the Take-Up of Electronic Commerce among Small-Medium Sized Enterprises

10.28945/2662 ◽  
2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Stansfield ◽  
Kevin Grant
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Context ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Uk

Since small-medium sized enterprises (SMEs) play a vital role within many major economies throughout the world, their ability to successfully adopt and utilize the Internet and electronic commerce is of prime importance in ensuring their stability and future survival. In this paper, initial findings will be reported of a study carried out by the authors into the use made of the Internet and electronic commerce and key issues influencing its use by SMEs. In order to broaden the scope of this paper, the results gained from the study will be compared with figures relating to businesses in the rest of Scotland and the UK, as well as the US, Canada and Japan, and European countries that include Sweden, Germany, France and Italy. The issues raised from this study will be compared with similar studies carried out in other countries such as Australia, New Zealand and British Columbia, as well as countries within the European Union in order to provide a wider meaningful international context for the results of the study.

Homeless medical respite service provision in the UK

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Dorney-Smith ◽  
Emma Thomson ◽  
Nigel Hewett ◽  
Stan Burridge ◽  
Zana Khan
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
Current State ◽  
Original Analysis ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Considerable Experience

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the history and current state of provision of homeless medical respite services in the UK, drawing first on the international context. The paper then articulates the need for medical respite services in the UK, and profiles some success stories. The paper then outlines the considerable challenges that currently exist in the UK, considers why some other services have failed and proffers some solutions. Design/methodology/approach The paper is primarily a literature review, but also offers original analysis of data and interviews, and presents new ideas from the authors. All authors have considerable experience of assessing the need for and delivering homeless medical respite services. Findings The paper builds on previous published information regarding need, and articulates the human rights argument for commissioning care. The paper also discusses the current complex commissioning arena, and suggests solutions. Research limitations/implications The literature review was not a systematic review, but was conducted by authors with considerable experience in the field. Patient data quoted are on two limited cohorts of patients, but broadly relevant. Interviews with stakeholders regarding medical respite challenges have been fairly extensive, but may not be comprehensive. Practical implications This paper will support those who are thinking of undertaking a needs assessment for medical respite, or commissioning a new medical respite service, to understand the key issues involved. Social implications This paper challenges the existing status quo regarding the need for a “cost-saving” rationale to set up these services. Originality/value This paper aims to be the definitive paper for anyone wishing to get an overview of this topic.

The International Legal Framework for Post-Brexit EEZ Fisheries Access between the United Kingdom and the European Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin J. Schatz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Fisheries Policy ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Eu

Abstract On 29 March 2019, the United Kingdom (UK) will leave the European Union (EU). Consequently, the EU’s Common Fisheries Policy (CFP), including the rules on fisheries access, will cease to apply to the UK. The article analyses the legal regime for post-Brexit exclusive economic zone (EEZ) fisheries access between the UK and the EU against the background of the current legal status quo under the CFP. The article then proceeds to an analysis of potential lex ferenda. In this respect, it first discusses the EEZ fisheries access arrangements for the Brexit transition period contained in the prospective withdrawal agreement of 2018. In a second step, the article undertakes to identify key issues faced by the UK and the EU in negotiating a future framework regulating their fisheries access relationship.

Foreign Language Skills and Tourism Management Courses in the UK

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 403-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Leslie ◽  
Hilary Russell ◽  
Allison Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
Perceptions Of Students ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Uk

The key issues underpinning this article are increasing globalization, development and expansion of the European Union, and the ease of and demand for international travel. These factors collectively are generating greater numbers of international travellers and thus an increasing recognition of the need for multilingual staff. This is perhaps most manifest in the service industries and, it is argued, particularly in tourism. The availability of multilingual staff is, partly at least, a function of education. This article examines the role and position of foreign languages skills in undergraduate tourism management degree courses. The findings of an investigation into the attitudes and perceptions of students of such courses in relation to the study of foreign languages are presented, complemented by the outcomes of a survey of tourism employers. While it is established that the development of foreign languages skills is recognized as an invaluable outcome of these courses, it is surprising that their acquisition is not always compulsory. Limitations in the study of languages are identified as well as key differences between the perceptions of students and those of employers, which highlight critical issues and the need for further research.

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