scholarly journals Maturation Time and Daily Grain Yield of Sorghum in the Tropics.

1969 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-161
Author(s):  
H. M. Pava ◽  
A. Sotomayor-Ríos ◽  
D. E. Weibel
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Maturation Time ◽  
Female Line ◽  
Maturation Rate ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
The Tropics

Differences in maturation time and daily grain yield were sought among cultivars and hybrids of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) grown in the tropics. Seven lines were used as males in crosses with three cytoplasmic-genetic male-sterile lines to produce 21 hybrids. Formation of the black layer (SL) was used as criterion for physiologic maturity. The male-parental lines and their hybrids were evaluated for grain yield/day from planting to midbfoom (GYMS), from planting to SL formation (GYSL), and from midbloom (MS) to SL formation (GYMS-SL), and for total grain yield at SL formation (GY). When results for the hybrids of each female line were averaged over the seven male-parental lines, hybrids of the female "Redlan' were first to reach MS and BL formation, and they produced the largest GYMS and GYSL. When results for the hybrids of each male-parental line were averaged over the three female lines, hybrids of the males 6, 9, and 10 were among the first to reach MS and SL formation, and were highest in GYMS, GYSL, GYMS-SL, and GY. For individual hybrids, differences in both maturation time and GY contributed to differences in daily grain yield, but the greater influence appeared to be that of GY. However, in five of the seven sets of hybrids having a given male parent (e.g ., A4, S4, and C4), the hybrid (with Redlan in each case) that was first to reach MS produced a GYMS equal to or higher than those of the hybrids that were slower to reach MS. Also in four of the seven sets of hybrids, the hybrid (with Redlan in three cases) that was first to reach SL formation had a GYSL higher than those of the later maturing hybrids. When the male-parental lines were selfed, lines 6, 9, and 10 produced the highest GY, GYMS, GYSL, and GYMS-SL. These lines were among the five earliest. In the tropics high yield/day and rapid maturation rate may be very desirable characteristics, and the current research identified hybrids with these characteristics. Redlan seems promising as a female parent for such desirable hybrids. Males 6, 9, and 10 seem promising as parent for GY, but they have some undesirable agronomic or quality characteristics.

scholarly journals Genetic purity certificate in seeds of hybrid maize using molecular markers

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalinka Carla Padovani de Carvalho Salgado ◽  
das Graças Guimarães Carvalho Vieira ◽  
Édila Vilela de Resende Von Pinho ◽  
Cláudia Teixeira Guimarães ◽  
Renzo Garcia Von Pinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Genetic Purity ◽  
Mendelian Segregation ◽  
Purity Analysis ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Hybrid Maize

One of the main features that confer high quality to the seed is its genetic purity, in which one of the major causes of contamination is the self-pollination of the female parent. Up to date, there is no accurate and fast methods for detecting such contamination. Thus, this work was carried out to certify the genetic purity in seeds of hybrid maize using different biochemical and DNA-based markers. Two single-cross hybrids and their parental lines derived from the maize breeding program at UFLA were evaluated by isoenzymatic pattern of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), esterase (EST), acid phosphatase (ACP), glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), 6-phosphoglucomate dehydrogenase (PGDH), catalase (CAT) and ß-glucosidade (ßGLU) and by microsatellites markers. The enzymatic systems that were able to distinguish the hybrids from their parental line were the catalase, the isocitrate dehydrogenase and the esterase. The esterase showed a Mendelian segregation pattern for UFLA 8/3 hybrid, that enables a safer genetic purity certificate. Microsatellites were able to differentiate the hybrid lines and the respective parental lines. Moreover, this technique was fast, precise and without environment effects. For microsatellites, the amplification pattern was identical when young leaves or seeds were used as DNA source. The possibility of using seeds as DNA source would accelerate and facilitate the role process of the genetic purity analysis.

Influence of cytoplasmic male sterile and restorer lines on the grain yield stability of sunflower under different environmental conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-255
Author(s):  
I. Liović ◽  
A. Mijić ◽  
M. Krizmanić ◽  
P. Pepó ◽  
V. Kovačević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Restorer Line ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterile

Environmental conditions (soil, weather) have the greatest impact on the production of all crops, so it is necessary to check the behaviour of new hybrid combinations under diverse environmental conditions. In 2009 and 2010, field trials were sown at various locations in Croatia to test new sunflower hybrid combinations bred at the Agricultural Institute in Osijek. In both years, the trials were conducted in Beli Manastir (BM09 and BM10), Nova Gradiška (NG09 and NG10) and Osijek (Os09 and Os10), while in 2010, a trial was also sown in Vukovar (Vu10). The genotypes included three cytoplasmic male sterile lines (cms 1–3) as female parent with a set of 8 fertility restorer lines (four branching restorers: oG1–4 and four single-headed restorers: oM5–8). The grain yield data were processed for years and locations (7 environments) using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interactions (AMMI) analysis with the SAS for Windows 9.1 statistical software. To obtain a better picture of the grain yield stability of the hybrid combinations in different environments, AMMI1 and AMMI2 biplots were made using IRRISTAT for Windows 5.0 software. No significant differences were found between the hybrid combinations of the female lines (cms 1–3). Among the environments, the significantly highest grain yield was recorded in the environment Os09 (4.220 t ha−1), followed by BM09 and Os10. As regards the restorers the highest grain yields (statistically on par with each other) were found for hybrid combinations involving oG2 and oM7 (3.726 and 3.666 t ha−1). Together, the first two interaction principle components (IPC) explained 85.4, 76.6 and 64.8% of the variability for crosses involving cms1, cms2 and cms3, respectively. The AMMI1 and AMMI2 biplots showed that the highest yielding hybrid combinations did not have the most stable grain yield. The greatest stability was shown by restorer line oM7 in cross combinations with inbred lines cms1 and cms2, while the same restorer line exhibited a large genotype × environment interaction and low stability when crossed with cms3.

Combined Genetic Analysis of Brown Spot (Helminthosporium oryzae) Disease for Developed Hybrid Combinations and their Parental Lines in Hybrid Rice

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Mostafa Mamdouh Elshenawy ◽  
Walid Hassan Elgamal ◽  
Galal Bakr Anis ◽  
Fatma Awad
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Female Line ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Helminthosporium Oryzae

This experiment was carried out at the Farm of Rice Research and Training Center, Sakha, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt during three rice grown seasons from 2014-2016. Three cytoplasmic male sterile lines, two wild abortive type (WA); IR69625A, IR70368A and one (K-type) K17A as females were tested with seven rice genotypes Giza 178, Giza 179, Giza 181,Giza 182, Sakha 105, GZ 6296-12-1-2-1-1 and HR195R as testers using line x tester model of hybridization. The parental lines and their resulting (21F1crosses) were evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) experiment having three replications during 2015 and 2016 growing seasons and surrounded by susceptible rice varieties i.e. Giza 171, Giza 177 and Giza 159 as natural infection to brown spot (Helminthosporium oryzae). Three brown spot acceptability traits; disease severity (%), infected leaves (%) and infected grains/panicle (%) were observed during this investigation. The combined data was calculated over both seasons to test the interaction of the different genetic components. According to the results, the male parents Giza178, Giza179, HR195, Giza 181 and Giza 182 could be utilized either for producing new hybrid combinations or for developing new parental lines in brown spot resistance program. The female line K17A was found to have a good combiner to brown spot resistance. Evaluation of hybrids for heterosis breeding based on mean performance, better-parent (BP %) and mid-parent heterosis (MP %) indicated that, out of 21F1hybrid rice combinations, one hybrid K17A x Giza182 found significantly desirable values for most brown spot traits and can be utilized as commercial hybrids resistant to brown spot disease.

scholarly journals Self-Crossing Leads to Weak Co-Variation of the Bacterial and Fungal Communities in the Rice Rhizosphere

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Jingjing Chang ◽  
Shaohua Shi ◽  
Lei Tian ◽  
Marcio F. A. Leite ◽  
Chunling Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Parent ◽  
Oryza Rufipogon ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
F1 Progeny ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Community Dissimilarity ◽  
Microbial Community Assembly

The rhizomicrobial community is influenced by plant genotype. However, the potential differences in the co-assembly of bacterial and fungal communities between parental lines and different generations of rice progenies have not been examined. Here we compared the bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizomicrobiomes of female parent Oryza rufipogon wild rice; male parent Oryza sativa cultivated rice; their F1 progeny; and the F2, F3 and F4 self-crossing generations. Our results showed that the bacterial and fungal α-diversities of the hybrid F1 and self-crossing generations (F2, F3, F4) were closer to one of the two parental lines, which may indicate a role of the parental line in the diversity of the rhizosphere microbial community assembly. Self-crossing from F1 to F4 led to weak co-variation of the bacterial and fungal communities and distinct rhizosphere microbiomes. In the parental and self-crossing progenies, the reduction of community dissimilarity was higher for the fungal community than for the bacterial community.

scholarly journals Combining Ability, Heterosis and Gene Action for Grain Yield and Its Related Traits of Some WA-CMS with Tester Lines of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-123
Author(s):  
M. I. Abo- Yousef ◽  
W. F. Ghidan ◽  
I. A. Talha ◽  
A. B. Elsehely ◽  
Dalia M. Tabl
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects

An understanding the nature and relative extent of gene actions and combining ability is useful for a breeder to develop superior rice hybrids. In this association, an attempt was made to identify good general and specific combiners for selecting better parents and better cross combinations for developing high yielding and short duration rice hybrids. Four cytoplasmic male sterile lines viz., IR69625A, IR70368A, IR58025A and IR79575A were crossed with ten elite testers, 40 hybrids along with their fourteen parents were evaluated for grain yield and its related traits at the experimental farm of Rice Research and Training Center, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt, during the rice-growing seasons of 2018 and 2019. The differences among genotypes, parents and crosses were highly significant for all studied traits. The specific combining ability (SCA) played the major role in determining inheritance traits, revealing that the largest part of the total genetic variability associated with most traits was a result of non-additive gene action. The parental line, IR58025A was demonstrated as a great general combiner for grain yield per plant and most of yield components and therefore could be utilized in future breeding programs to improve grain yield. HHZ12-SAL8-Y1-SAL1, HHZ5-Y7-Y2-SUB1 and HUA564 were seen as a good general combiner among testers for grain yield per plant and some studied traits. Four crosses, namely IR58025A / HHZ8-SAL9-DT2-Y2, IR70368A / WEED TOLERANT RICE1, IR70368A / HHZ12-SAL8-Y1-SAL1 and IR70368A / HHZ5-Y7-Y2-SUB1 exhibited significantly good specific combining ability effects for grain yield per plant. Hence, it can be seen that non-additive genetic effects are controlling the inheritance of the studied traits and indicated that selection for the traits inherited with this manner should be performed in the further generations.

Agronomic Comparison, Heterosis and Hydrocyanic Acid Potential (HCN-p) of Sudangrass-Sorghum and Sudangrass-Sudangrass Hybrids and Their Parents

1969 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-155
Author(s):  
A. Sotomayor-Ríos ◽  
S. Torres-Cardona
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Acid Potential ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Combined Data

Cytoplasmic male-sterile sudangrass, A Rhodesian (Sorghum arundinaceum), was crossed with two sudangrasses (Sweet Sudan and Piper) and six forage sorghums (Sugar Drip, Brawley, Roma, Collier, Sumac and Meridian 55- 1). The eight F1 hybrids and their male parents were compared for yield of green forage (GF), dry forage (DF), and crude protein (CP); dry matter (DM) and CP contents; plant height, leaf area, number of tillers, leaf/stem ratio and hydrocyanic acid potential (HCN-p). The first cutting was made 60 days after planting and the two subsequent cuttings at a 60-day interval. The second harvest had the greatest DF yields but a lower CP content when compared to the first harvest. The  F1 hybrids were significantly superior than male parents for all traits except HCN-p at 45 and 60 days, leaf/stem ratio and DM and CP contents at each of the three harvests. Combined data for the three cuttings show that the  F1's of A Rhodesian x Sumac and A Rhodesian x Roma produced the greatest DF yields among hybrids. The DF yields of Sugar Drip were the highest among male parents. The average DF yield for  F1 hybrids was 19% more than for the male parents. The DF yields of about 19 t/ha of the best hybrids compared favorably with other high yielding forage sorghums. Heterosis was observed for the most important traits,  F1 hybrid A Rhodesian x Piper exhibiting the greatest value, 60 and 97% more DF than the midparent and high parent, respectively. The excellent DF yields, relatively low HCN-p values and high protein content of hybrids when A Rhodesian sudangrass was the female parent, make them potentially valuable genotypes for utilization in an intensive management program in the tropics. As in a previous study. A Rhodesian sudangrass proved to be a potentially useful male-sterile line in the development of superior F1 forage sorghum hybrids in Puerto Rico.

scholarly journals Identifikasi Galur-galur Elit Padi (Oryza sativa) untuk Tetua Padi Hibrida

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Yudhistira Nugraha ◽  
E. Lubis ◽  
M. Diredja
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Male Sterile Line ◽  
Maintainer Line ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Hybrid Variety ◽  
Parental Lines

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>One of the efforts to increase rice yield is through hybrid rice production. Hybrid rice has now been commercialized in Indonesia. The parental lines of the hybrids developed in Indonesia mostly came from introduced lines. Those lines were more susceptible to stresses, especially to pests and diseases, that make the yield of the hybrid fluctuated and wasn&amp;rsquo;t stable. Hence, it is needed to develop hybrid variety using Indonesian parental line which were well adapted to Indonesia. Therefore, identification of those lines is needed. In the last four seasons 2000/01 WS until 2002 DS, 1471 lines have been test-crossed in Muara experimental station, Bogor. Out of 2769 hybrids developed from 1471 parental lines, 18.1%, 74.5%, and 7.1% were fertile, partial fertile or partial sterile and sterile, respectivively. The frequency of fertile plants tested in the observation yield trail was 3.4% and only 0.7% of sterile plants were continued in the backcross program for new cytoplasmic male-sterile line development. Several number of lines identified as restorer lines were progenies of popular variety, namely IR64 and IR36. While those six lines which identified as maintainer line came from crosser of Ptb 33 and IR3043.</p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatan hasil padi adalah dengan penanaman varietas hibrida. Saat ini di Indonesia mulai menerapkan teknologi padi hibrida secara komersial. Padi hibrida yang berkembang di Indonesia berasal dari galur-galur tetua hasil introduksi. Biasanya galur-galur tetua introduksi lebih peka terhadap perubahan kondisi lingkungan terutama hama dan penyakit, sehingga hasilnya lebih berfluktuasi dan tidak stabil. Dengan demikian perlu dirakit varietas padi hibrida dengan menggunakan galur padi hasil pemuliaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Padi (Balitpa) yang telah beradaptasi baik di Indonesia. Galur-galur tersebut perlu diidentifikasi sebelum digunakan sebagai tetua padi hibrida dengan cara diuji silang. Selama empat musim, yaitu MH 2000/2001sampai MK 2002, sebanyak 1471 galur diuji silang di Inlitpa Muara, Bogor. Sebanyak 2769 hibrida hasil uji silang dengan 1471 galur tetua teridentifikasi 18,1%, 74,5%, dan 7,1% berturut-turut fertil, parsial fertil atau steril, dan steril. Sebanyak 3,4% tanaman fertil dilanjutkan ke pertanaman observasi daya hasil dan hanya 0,7% tanaman steril yang dilanjutkan ke program silang balik untuk pembentukan galur mandul jantan baru. Sebanyak 16 galur yang teridentifikasi sebagai galur pemulih kesuburan berasal dari keturunan varietas populer IR64 dan IR36. Sementara itu enam galur yang teridentifikasi sebagai galur pelestari mandul jantan berasal dari persilangan Ptb 33 dan IR3043.</p>

scholarly journals Expression of the RolC Gene in Transgenic Plants of Salpiglossis sinuata L.

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 571e-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiwon W. Lee ◽  
Lijuan Wang ◽  
Shanqiang Ke ◽  
Mingbo Qin ◽  
Zong-Ming Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Leaf Disc ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Transgenic Phenotype

The phenotypic expression and inheritance of the rolC gene in the transgenic plants of Salpiglossis sinuata L. were investigated. The chasmogamous salpiglossis plants with solid yellow flower color (ccrrDD) were transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains LBA4404 and EHA101 carrying rolC, GUS, and NPTII genes via a leaf disc co-cultivation system. The transgenic plants were shorter in plant height, produced more branches with a compact growth habit, and developed smaller flowers and narrower leaves as compared to the control plant. While the transgenic plants showed the same corolla color and color shades as the parental line, they became male sterile. A backcross between a male-sterile transgenic plant (ccrrDD plus rolC) and a nontransformed red-flowering line (ccRRDD) produced a progeny with red flower color and the same altered growth habit as the transgenic female parent. Only 4 out of 32 plants in this progeny population showed the negative GUS staining as well as the non transgenic phenotype. These results suggest that at least two copies of the rolC gene were integrated into one homologous chromosome pair during transformation and that a cross-over event may have occurred during meiosis.

scholarly journals Genetic Basis of Combining Ability for Various Quantitative Traits Using CMS Lines of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Mostafa Mamdouh Elshenawy ◽  
Galal Bakr Anis ◽  
Walid Hassan Elgamal ◽  
Ebrahim Abd-Elsalam Ramadan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Cms Line ◽  
Parental Lines

Summary Line × Tester experiment was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Rice Research and Training Center (RRTC), Sakha, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt during three growing seasons to evaluate the performance of 21 F1 hybrids along with their parents. Three cytoplasmic male sterile lines, two wild abortive (Wild Abortive); IR69625A, IR70368A and one (Kalinga) K17A as female were tested with seven cultivars/lines as testers. The analysis of variance detected that, highly significant variations among genotypes (parental lines with their crosses) for all traits in both seasons and in their combined analysis. Two hybrid combinations; IR69625A×Giza178 and IR69625A×Giza179 were recorded the best values for grain yield under both seasons and their combined. General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects of genotypes for the studied traits were estimated. The results indicated that, K17A (female) and Giza 179 (male) were the best combiner for early heading date and could be useful to breed early maturing rice cultivars. The CMS line IR69625A and Giza178, Giza179 gave highly significant and positive GCA value and so appeared to be good parental lines combiner in hybrid combinations for high grain yield/plant. The positive values of GCA mean increased for grain yield/plant, which could be useful in breeding programs for high yield potential rice cultivars. The hybrid combination IR69625A×Giza179 showed highly significant and positive SCA estimates under both seasons and their combined. In conclusion, it is clear that this hybrid seemed promising hybrid for earliness and high grain yield under Egyptian conditions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of genotype by environment interaction and adaptability in lowland irrigated rice hybrids for grain yield under high temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Senguttuvel ◽  
N. Sravanraju ◽  
V. Jaldhani ◽  
B. Divya ◽  
P. Beulah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Spikelet Fertility ◽  
Linear Component ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Parental Lines

AbstractRecent predictions on climate change indicate that high temperature episodes are expected to impact rice production and productivity worldwide. The present investigation was undertaken to assess the yield stability of 72 rice hybrids and their parental lines across three temperature regimes over two consecutive dry seasons using the additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI), genotype and genotype × environment interaction (GGE) stability model analysis. The combined ANOVA revealed that genotype × environment interaction (GEI) were significant due to the linear component for most of the traits studied. The AMMI and GGE biplot explained 57.2% and 69% of the observed genotypic variation for grain yield, respectively. Spikelet fertility was the most affected yield contributing trait and in contrast, plant height and tiller numbers were the least affected traits. In case of spikelet fertility, grain yield and other yield contributing traits, male parent contributed towards heat tolerance of the hybrids compared to the female parent. The parental lines G74 (IR58025B), G83 (IR40750R), G85 (C20R) and hybrids [G21 (IR58025A × KMR3); G3 (APMS6A × KMR3); G57 (IR68897A × KMR3) and G41 (IR79156A × RPHR1005)] were the most stable across the environments for grain yield. They can be considered as potential genotypes for cultivation under high temperature stress after evaluating under multi location trials.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document