scholarly journals Investigation of Groundwater Contamination from Akanran Open Waste Dumpsite, Ibadan, South-Western Nigeria, using Geoelectrical and Geochemical Techniques

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
J. O. Coker ◽  
A. A. Rafiu ◽  
N. N. Abdulsalam ◽  
A. S. Ogungbe ◽  
A. A. Olajide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Sample ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Sample Analysis ◽  
Nitrate Level ◽  
Permissible Level ◽  
Nitrite Level ◽  
High Metal ◽  
Dug Well

In recent times, large waste is produced especially in an urban area due to population with careless handling which calls for worries. Hence, the study determines the effect of Akanran dumpsite on the groundwater quality for drinking and domestic purposes. It employs the geophysical and geochemical methods. Wenner configuration was adopted with constant electrode separation ranging from 5 to 25 m to acquire five profiles within and outside the dumpsite and processed using DIPROWIN 4.01 software. Soil and water samples were collected and analysed. The 2-D pseudosection revealed a very low resistivity value which is less than 10 ohm-meter and is suspected to be leachate infiltration which migrates to a depth of 7 m. The results of soil analysis show that clay ranges between 9.61 - 18.8 %., silt between 9.27 – 19.7 % and an average bulk density of 1.48 (relatively high for a sandy loam) which suggests that infiltration of the leachate is minimal. The pH of the water sample analysis obtained is 6.9, suggesting acidic concentrates in the groundwater of the study area. However, this pH value for drinking water is within the permissible level of 6.5 – 8.5 indicating that the groundwater in the study area is suitable for drinking and also for other purposes. A Nitrate level of 2.56 mg/l in the water sample falls within 50.0 mg/l, and nitrite level of 0.09 mg/l which is moderate when compared to the permissible level limit of 0.20 mg/l. The concentration of heavy metals in hand-dug well sample from Akanran dumpsite are Zn (1.81 mg/l), Cu (0.38 mg/l), Cr (0.003 mg/l) which are within the permissible level limit and Pb (0.21 mg/l) which recorded high metal concentration which may suggest that the dumpsite contain waste metals which may leach down the soil. In conclusion, the groundwater in the area of the survey is safe and there is possible contamination with time.  

Site classification in a mixed hardwood forest (Hallerbos, Belgium) with a homogeneous ground vegetation dominated by Hyacinthoides non-scripta (L.) Chouard ex. Rothm.

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Maddelein ◽  
B. Muys ◽  
J. Neirynck ◽  
G. Sioen
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Site Classification ◽  
Species Classification ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Understorey Vegetation

The  forest of Halle (560 ha), situated 20 km south of Brussels is covered by a  beech (Fagus sylvatica)  forest, locally mixed with secundary species (Tilia,  Fraxinus, Acer, Quercus,... ). In almost all  stands, herbal vegetation is dominated by bluebell (Hyacinthoides  non-scripta).     The research intended to classify 36 plots of different tree species  composition according to their site quality. Three classification methods  were compared: the first one based on the indicator value of the understorey  vegetation, a second one on the humus morphology and a last one on some  quantitative soil characteristics. According to the plant sociological site  classification, the plots have the same site quality. However, humus forms  differ apparently and significant differences were found in pH value and base  cation saturation of the soil, abundance and biomass of earthworms and  biomass of the ectorganic horizon. Tree species proved to be the main cause  of these differences.     The results illustrate that the herbal vegetation is not always a reliable  indicator of site quality. In the case of a homogeneous vegetation dominated  by one or more indifferent species, classification on humus morphology or  soil analysis are more appropriate. In the forest of Halle, the tree species  is probably the main cause of the observed differences in site quality.

Chromium(VI) leaching from large undisturbed soil lysimeters following application of a simulated copper-chromium-arsenic (CCA) timber preservative

Soil Research ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Carey ◽  
V. J. Bidwell ◽  
R. G. McLaren
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
First Order ◽  
Copper Chromium ◽  
Soil Lysimeters

Copper, chromium, and arsenic (CCA) solutions are commonly used in New Zealand as a means of preserving softwood timbers such as Pinus radiata. With stock working solutions of CCA salts in timber treatment plants frequently 10% w/v or more, there exists a potential for spillage and leaching of these compounds to groundwater. High concentrations of Cr(VI) (up to 52 mg Cr/L) were found in the leachates of large undisturbed soil lysimeters where a Templeton sandy loam (Immature Pallic) had received surface applications of a simulated copper, chromium, and arsenic (CCA) timber preservative. Leaching was produced by using a combination of natural and imposed rainfall simulation over the lysimeters for a period of 102 days after CCA application. An average of 26% of the applied chromium was collected in the leachates after 102 days. Of the mean 74% of Cr(VI) still retained within the soil profile after leaching ended, almost half was located in the top 100 mm of the profile. No copper or arsenic was detected in any of the lysimeter leachates, with soil analysis indicating that these elements had been retained within the soil profile. In an incubation study, soil cores sampled from the same Templeton sandy loam and split into alternate 50-mm segments (to 450 mm) were stored at 10˚C for 102 days after addition of an identical CCA solution. These were periodically extracted for available chromium. Results showed that the reduction of dichromate/chromate anions (Cr2O72–/CrO42–) to the strongly sorbed chromic cation (Cr3+) was largely first-order and greatest in surface layers where soil organic matter contents were largest. After 102 days, <1% of the added Cr(VI) was still extractable in the 0–50 mm soil cores whilst ≈60% of Cr(VI) in the 400–450 mm cores (or deeper) was still extractable after the same period. A linear systems model comprising a series of conceptual mixing cells was used to describe the individual and mean Cr(VI) leaching breakthrough curves (BTCs). This State-Space Mixing Cell model proved effective in simulating the Cr(VI) leaching using first-order kinetics to quantify rate-limited local solute adsorption coupled to advective-dispersive transport. The solute mass involved in the model process was ≈30%. The bulk of the remaining 70% of applied dichromate was assumed to have undergone reduction to the non-mobile chromium cation. This study shows that there exists a significant potential for Cr(VI) to be a serious threat to groundwater in the event of a large uncontained spillage of a concentrated CCA solution. This potential can be significantly lessened if the Cr(VI) is reduced after retention in an organic matter rich layer.

Light Expand Clay Aggregate Medium Cultivation of Plants Used in Green Roof Feasibility Studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 851 ◽  
pp. 690-696
Author(s):  
Chiou Chuan Chen ◽  
Yi Hong Peng ◽  
Chun Lin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Zoysia Matrella ◽  
Murraya Paniculata ◽  
Portulaca Grandiflora ◽  
Liriope Platyphylla ◽  
Building Load ◽  
Aggregate Base

In this study, we experiment with light expand clay aggregate medium used in landscape industry in order to find the ideal lightweight media combination that is helpful for plant growth, without the price being high. We mixed the light-weight medium with sandy loam for use in landscape construction in southern Taiwan. We tested 8 plants and 3 medium and tested light expand clay aggregate base, thus achieving the results. The prescription for medium pH value is detected, with most of the medium showing a low-alkaline environment. The ratio of light expand clay aggregate to sandy loam is 2:8, thus increasing the coverage and growth for Duranta repens, Murraya paniculata, Portulaca grandiflora, and Zoysia matrella. The prescription, whereby the ratio of light expands clay aggregate to sandy loam is 5:5, is suitable for Liriope platyphylla, Spathoglottis plicata. The prescription, whereby the ratio of light expand clay aggregate to sandy loam is 8:2, is suitable for Alpinia speciosa, Podocarpus costalis. The prescription, whereby the ratio of light expands clay aggregate to sandy loam is 8:2, is suitable for Portulaca grandiflora during the rainy season. Light expand clay aggregate medium is more suitable for Liriope platyphylla, Spathoglottis plicata. The prescriptions, whereby the ratio of lightweight medium (light expand clay aggregate to sandy loam) is 2:8, which is suitable for more kinds of plants. Different media prescriptions are well-grown planting combinations, in which one can choose different plant species based on the environment and in order to create biodiversity. This can be achieved to reduce the building load and may provide a good environment for the growth of plants and create space in favor of green roofs.

Effect of the Addition of Tomato Powder on the Color and Storage Quality of Red Sausage

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 1419-1423
Author(s):  
Wei Dong Xu ◽  
Qian Chen ◽  
Yi Ding ◽  
Song Wang ◽  
Li Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Potential Solution ◽  
Storage Quality ◽  
Nitrite Level ◽  
Residual Nitrite ◽  
Tomato Powder ◽  
And Storage

This study includes the investigation of the chemical properties such as pH value anda*-value, sensorial evaluations, residual nitrite and the oxidation level of Chinese-style sausagered sausage, which have been produced by both reducing the nitrite level ( 50mg/kg, 100mg/kg and 150mg/kg) and adding tomato powder ( 0%, 2% and 4%). According to the results, 100mg/kg of nitrite together with 2% tomato powder is better. Then the sausages produced with 100mg/kg nitrite and 2% tomato powder, along with sausage which produced with only 150mg/kg of nitrite are stored at 4 °C for 45 days. It was observed that addition of 2% of tomato powder increased degradation of nitrite and decreased the level of oxidation. This study provides a potential solution for nitrite substitute in meat products.

Optical chemosensors for water sample analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (23) ◽  
pp. 5154-5194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemant Sharma ◽  
Navneet Kaur ◽  
Amanpreet Singh ◽  
Anil Kuwar ◽  
Narinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Recognition ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Supramolecular Chemistry ◽  
Sample Analysis ◽  
Optical Chemosensors

Molecular recognition is an emerging field of Supramolecular Chemistry.

scholarly journals The Effect of Land Uses on Soil Erodibility (Index) and Soil Loss of the Keana Geological Sediments of Parts of Nasarawa State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
M. G. Abubakar ◽  
M. O. Udochukwu ◽  
O. S. Enokela
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Soil Erodibility ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Residential Land ◽  
Modified Clay

The effect of land uses on soil erodibility and soil loss of the Keana geological sediments of parts of Nasarawa State, Nigeria was investigated in this study. Geographic positioning system (GPS) was used to identify three land uses (agricultural, forested, and residential). Soil samples were collected from top soils at 0-30 cm depth using core sampler from 1 ha of each land use in 8 settlement communities (16 locations). Standard laboratory methods for soil analysis were followed for determination of Dispersion ratio, Erosion ration, Clay ratio and Modified clay ratio. Linear regression and correlation were used to determine the logical relationship between the erodibility index and corresponding soil loss. The soils from the study area were classified as sandy loam and sandy clay loam with high density, high permeability and porosity making them less vulnerable to shear stress. Dispersion ration (DR) modified clay ratio (MCR), Clay ratio (CR) and Erosion ratio (ER) where high, which suggests that soils from the study area are vulnerable to erosion at various degree of susceptibility.  Mean value of erodibility factor (K) and predicted soil loss of 0.0492, 0.0460 and 0.0357; 7.77, 7.20 and 5.48 tonnes/hectare/year  for agricultural, forested, and residential  lands respectively. The findings suggest that land uses influence the soil erodibility in the formation is in this order residential land > agricultural land > forested land use. The erosion class is ‘very low’ for forested (soils in this class have very slight to no erosion potential), ‘low’ (soil losses will occur) for agricultural and residential land uses respectively. These findings suggest that soil erodibility has been significantly influence by land use change in Keana geological sediment.

scholarly journals Pecan Nutrient Element Status and Orchard Soil Fertility in the Southeastern Coastal Plain of the United States

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 432-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lenny Wells
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fertility Survey ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Orchard Soil ◽  
Southern Georgia

This survey addresses the current nutritional status of orchards typical of a large portion of the United States pecan (Carya illinoinensis) industry. A leaf nutrition and soil fertility survey was conducted for commercial orchards in a major production area of the U.S. pecan belt, which is located in southern Georgia. The study sampled pecan orchards from 18 July to 5 Aug. 2005 and 17 July to 3 Aug. 2008. All orchards had a history of commercial level orchard management, and represented a wide range of orchards typical of the region. Results indicate that southeastern U.S. pecan producers should focus their nutrient inputs on nitrogen (N), potassium (K), sulfur (S), and copper (Cu) as needed. The survey results show that leaf N can vary widely by season and among orchard locations. Evidence indicates that many growers could likely forego the soil application of phosphorous (P) and zinc (Zn) until leaf or soil analysis indicates a need. Orchard soil organic matter (SOM) in 2008 averaged 3.63%, and ranged from 1.74% on coarse-textured sandy soils to 5% on sandy loam soils. Both SOM and soil nitrate-N were higher in orchards using clover (Trifolium spp.) as a cool-season orchard groundcover than those using a grass sod only. The mean carbon:S ratio of Georgia pecan orchard soils was 504:1, which may further reduce tree uptake of S from low-S soils.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penambahan Dosis Koagulan Terhadap Parameter Kualitas Air dengan Metode Jartest

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Nur Ihda Farikhatin Nisa ◽  
Achmad Aminudin
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Clean Water

Water is one of the important components of human life or other living things. With the increasing number of residents, the need for clean water has also increased. However, this increase in demand is not offset by the availability of clean water due to the lower quality of water produced by the water treatment plant. Therefore, it is necessary to do alternative water treatment so that clean water needs can be sufficient. One method of processing clean water that can be done is the Jar test method. This study aims to determine the effect of coagulant dose addition on water quality parameters including pH, turbidity, TDS and total hardness of the Manisrejo City Madiun well water sample after water treatment. The research method is carried out through three stages, namely the preparation stage, the instrument analysis stage and the experimental stage. Where the type of coagulant used is Poly Aluminum Chloride (PAC). From the research that has been done, the optimum PAC coagulant dose is 43 mg / l. The conclusion obtained in this study is that the greater the coagulant dose added to the water sample, the smaller the pH value, the value of turbidity, the TDS value and the total hardness of the water sample.

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