scholarly journals Post-fire impacts on tree diversity in coastal heath forests of Brunei Darussalam

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wardah Haji Tuah ◽  
Kushan Udayanga Tennakoon ◽  
Salwana Md. Jaafar ◽  
Rahayu Sukmaria Sukri
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Tree Diversity ◽  
Canopy Openness ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Acacia Species ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Coastal Heath ◽  
Native Tree

The adverse impacts of fires on the diversity of native plants in forest ecosystems are well documented. Tree diversity was studied in coastal heath (Kerangas) forests of Brunei Darussalam, Northwest Borneo after fire events. Eight 20 x 20 m plots were set up in once-burnt (3 plots), twice-burnt (3 plots) and unburnt heath forests (2 plots). All trees (live and dead) with stem diameters of 1 cm and above were censused, and measures of percentage canopy openness and soil variables (pH, gravimetric water and organic matter content, and concentrations of total nitrogen and phosphorus) were determined. Soil pH, gravimetric water content and total nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, and canopy openness were significantly higher in the burnt plots. Stem diameters were significantly higher in the unburnt heath forests, with mostly Acacia species recording smaller stem sizes (<10 cm dbh). Tree species richness and diversity were significantly lower in the once-burnt plots than in unburnt, intact heath forest plots indicating substantial loss of native tree diversity in fire-affected habitats. Tree community compositions of the once-burnt plots were dominated by invasive Acacia mangium. This study highlights the negative impact of fire on native tree diversity, soil properties and canopy openness of these coastal Kerangas forests, and further provides preliminary evidence that fire events have facilitated the successful establishment of invasive Acacia species.

scholarly journals The Effect of Bacillus licheniformis MH48 on Control of Foliar Fungal Diseases and Growth Promotion of Camellia oleifera Seedlings in the Coastal Reclaimed Land of Korea

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Jae Won ◽  
Jun-Hyeok Kwon ◽  
Dong-Hyun Kim ◽  
Young-Sang Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Camellia Oleifera ◽  
Bacterial Inoculation ◽  
Lytic Enzymes ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Reclaimed Land

This study investigated the control of foliar fungal diseases and growth promotion of Camellia oleifera seedlings in coastal reclaimed land through the use of Bacillus licheniformis MH48. B. licheniformis MH48 can produce lytic enzymes chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase that can inhibit foliar pathogens by 37.4 to 50.5%. Nevertheless, foliar diseases appeared in the seedlings with bacterial inoculation, and their survival rate decreased because they were unable to withstand salt stress. However, B. licheniformis MH48 significantly increased the total nitrogen and phosphorus contents in the soils through fixing atmospheric nitrogen and solubilizing phosphorus. The growth of seedlings with bacterial inoculation increased, particularly in root dry weight, by 7.42 g plant−1, which was 1.7-fold greater than that of the control. B. licheniformis MH48 produces the phytohormone auxin, which potentially stimulates seedling root growth. C. oleifera seedlings significantly increased in total nitrogen content to 317.57 mg plant−1 and total phosphorus content to 46.86 mg plant−1. Our results revealed the effectiveness of B. licheniformis MH48 not only in the control of foliar fungal diseases but also in the growth promotion of C. oleifera seedlings in coastal lands.

scholarly journals Investigation of the decomposition and leaching dynamics of Salix, Populus and mixed leaves in the area of Lake Balaton and Kis-Balaton Wetland

2019 ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Brigitta Simon ◽  
Tamás Kucserka ◽  
Angéla Anda
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Coastal Vegetation ◽  
Lake Balaton ◽  
Decomposition Rates ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Major Nutrient ◽  
Nitrogen Contents

In lakes and wetlands, leaf litter input from the coastal vegetation represents a major nutrient load and plays a basic structural and functional role in several ecosystems. In Hungary, at the banks of lakes and wetlands, Salix and Populus trees are the most common species. In an experiment in Lake Balaton and Kis-Balaton Wetland between 16 November 2017 to and 3 June 2018, the decomposition rates and leaching dynamics of Salix, Populus and mixed leaves (50% Salix and 50% Populus) were investigated. Total nitrogen and phosphorus content of biomass samples were measured at the beginning and end of the experiment for the leaching dynamics experiment. We found that litter mass losses (Salix, Populus and mixed leaves) were not significantly different between the two mesh size litterbags and between Lake Balaton and Kis-Balaton Wetland. Different amounts of the total nitrogen and phosphorus leaching from Salix, Populus and mixed leaves were detected. The total nitrogen contents of the plant samples were around 8-18% at the end of the investigated period. Slightly higher values were measured compared to phosphorous (27-29%).

Effects of tetracycline on simultaneous biological wastewater nitrogen and phosphorus removal

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (73) ◽  
pp. 59326-59334 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Chen ◽  
Y. Chen ◽  
C. Ding ◽  
H. Liang ◽  
B. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Total Nitrogen Removal

The presence of 2 and 5 mg L−1of tetracycline decreased total nitrogen removal. Tetracycline induced EPS release and decreased its protective role on cells. Denitrifiers instead of nitrifiers were negatively affected by tetracycline.

scholarly journals Towards a sustainable approach to wastewater treatment strategy for eutrophication abatement

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 00056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Neverova-Dziopak
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
The Public ◽  
Treatment Technologies

Eutrophication is one of the consequences of the negative anthropogenic impact on aquatic ecosystems. It leads to the degradation of both sweet and marine ecosystems, constituting a kind of secondary pollution of waters, which disturbs all types of their use. Undertakings related to preventing the negative effects of eutrophication are mainly conducted towards reducing the loads of nutrients introduced into surface waters and controlling the entire conditions in aquatic ecosystems in order to limit the development of aquatic vegetation. The increasingly restrictive legal requirement regarding the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater discharged into recipients enforces the application of expensive treatment technologies, and the public is becoming more aware of the rising costs of water and wastewater fees. In addition, wastewater treatment is a factor which has a negative impact on air quality due to greenhouse gas emissions and generates other environmental problems. The challenge for facilities, however, is determining which treatment alternatives will best meet their needs, both technically and financially, and to choose the most sustainable path. The problem of establishing a reasonable level of nutrient removal from wastewater, justified from an ecological and economic point of view is discussed in the paper.

Novel simulation of aqueous total nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in Taihu Lake with machine learning

2022 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 111940
Author(s):  
Hao Lu ◽  
Liuyan Yang ◽  
Yifan Fan ◽  
Xin Qian ◽  
Tong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Taihu Lake ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus

Reduction of Root Competition Increases Growth of Slash Pine Seedlings on a Cutover Site in Florida

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis E. Putz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Period ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Root Competition ◽  
Canopy Openness ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Woody Vines ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Aboveground Growth

Abstract Slash pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii Engelm.) seedlings (1-0) planted in a cutover stand dominated by 6-year-old coppiced hardwoods and woody vines benefited from reduction in root competition (by trenching) but not from increased light (by guy-wiring back overtopping trees).Over the 2-year experimental period there was no apparent effect of increasing canopy openness from 10% to 30% on pine seedling height, diameter, or aboveground biomass. In contrast, trenching resulted in increased foliar nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, higher soil moisture contents,and a twofold increase in aboveground growth. The results support the use of site preparation and planting techniques that reduce root competition suffered by pine seedlings. South. J. Appl. For. 16(4):193-197

scholarly journals Reducing Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses from Different Crop Types in the Water Source Area of the Danjiang River, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengjing Guo ◽  
Tiegang Zhang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Zhanbin Li ◽  
Guoce Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Bare Land

Nitrogen and phosphorus are essential for plant growth and are the primary limiting nutrient elements. The loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural systems can cause the eutrophication of natural water bodies. In this paper, a field simulated rainfall experiment was conducted in a typical small watershed of the Danjiang River to study the nutrient loss process of nitrogen and phosphorus in slope croplands subjected to different crops and tillage measures. The characteristics of the runoff process and nutrient migration of different slope treatments were studied, which were the bare-land (BL, as the control), peanut monoculture (PL), corn monoculture (CL), bare land (upper slope) mixed with peanut monoculture (lower slope) (BP), corn and peanut intercropping (TCP), corn and soybean intercropping (TCS), downslope ridge cultivation (BS) slope, and straw-mulched (SC), respectively. The results showed that the runoff of CL, SC, TCS, BS, BP, PL and TCP slope types were 93%, 75%, 51%, 39%, 28%, 12%, and 6% of the those of the bare land, respectively. The total nitrogen concentration in runoff on different slope types decreased in the order of BP > PL > BS > SC > TCP > BL > CL > TCS. The BL was characterized with the highest NRL-TN (the loss of total nitrogen per unit area), with the value of 1.188 kg/hm2, while those of the TCP is the smallest with the value of 0.073 kg/hm2. The total phosphorus concentration in runoff decreasd in the order of BS > BP > PL > BL > TCP > SC > CL > TCS. The PRL-TP (the loss of total phosphorus per unit area) of BL is the largest (0.016 kg/hm2), while those of TCP is the smallest (0.001 kg/hm2). These indicate that the loss of nitrogen is much higer than that of phosphorus. The loss of nitrogen in runoff is dominated by nitrate nitrogen, which accounts for 54.4%–78.9% of TN. Slope croplands in the water source area should adopt the tillage measures of TCP and PL.These measures can reduce 85% of the runoff of nitrogen and phosphorus compared to the bare land. The results may assist in agricultural non-point source pollution control and help promote improved management of the water environment in the Danjiang River’s water source area.

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