scholarly journals Design Philosophy for Buildings’ Comfort-Level Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-168
Author(s):  
Nanang Gunawan Wariyatno ◽  
Han Ay Lie ◽  
Fu-Pei Hsiao ◽  
Buntara Sthenly Gan
Keyword(s):  
Building Design ◽  
Seismic Intensity ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Japan Meteorological Agency ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Design Philosophy ◽  
Earthquake Resistant ◽  
Level Performance

The data reported by Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) show that the fatal casualties and severe injuries are due to heavy shaking during massive earthquakes. Current earthquake-resistant building standards do not include comfort-level performance. Hence, a new performance design philosophy is proposed in this research to evaluate the quantitative effect of earthquake-induced shaking in a building. The earthquake-induced response accelerations in a building are analysed, and the response accelerations related with the characteristic property of the building are used to evaluate the number of Seismic Intensity Level (SIL). To show the indispensability of the newly proposed comfort-level design philosophy, numerical simulations are conducted to evaluate the comfort level on different floors in a building. The results show that the evaluation of residents’ comfort levels should be considered in the current earthquake-resistant building design codes.

The Extended Integrated Particle Filter Method (IPFx) as a High-Performance Earthquake Early Warning System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masumi Yamada ◽  
Koji Tamaribuchi ◽  
Stephen Wu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Filter ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Seismic Intensity ◽  
Earthquake Early Warning ◽  
Japan Meteorological Agency ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Filter Method ◽  
Source Estimation ◽  
Single Station ◽  
Seismic Networks

ABSTRACT An earthquake early warning (EEW) system rapidly analyzes seismic data to report the occurrence of an earthquake before strong shaking is felt at a site. In Japan, the integrated particle filter (IPF) method, a new source-estimation algorithm, was recently incorporated into the EEW system to improve the source-estimation accuracy during active seismicity. The problem of the current IPF method is that it uses the trigger information computed at each station in a specific format as the input and is therefore applicable to only limited seismic networks. This study proposes the extended IPF (IPFx) method to deal with continuous waveforms and merge all Japanese real-time seismic networks into a single framework. The new source determination algorithm processes seismic waveforms in two stages. The first stage (single-station processing) extracts trigger and amplitude information from continuous waveforms. The second stage (network processing) accumulates information from multiple stations and estimates the location and magnitude of ongoing earthquakes based on Bayesian inference. In 10 months of continuous online experiments, the IPFx method showed good performance in detecting earthquakes with maximum seismic intensity ≥3 in the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) catalog. By merging multiple seismic networks into a single EEW system, the warning time of the current EEW system can be improved further. The IPFx method provides accurate shaking estimation even at the beginning of event detection and achieves seismic intensity error <0.25  s after detecting an event. This method correctly avoided two major false alarms on 5 January 2018 and 30 July 2020. The IPFx method offers the potential of expanding the JMA IPF method to global seismic networks.

Continuity of Earthquake and Tsunami Monitoring by Japan Meteorological Agency under Critical Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriko Kamaya ◽  
Mitsuyuki Hoshiba ◽  
Akio Katsumata ◽  
Keiji Doi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Seismic Intensity ◽  
Japan Meteorological Agency ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Other Information

Abstract The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) is a governmental organization that has responsibilities for mitigation of natural disasters. JMA issues warnings and information about natural disasters, in addition to daily weather forecasts. When an earthquake occurs, JMA analyzes seismic data to issue an earthquake early warning and to warn of possible tsunamis when a tsunami is expected to strike coastal areas of Japan. During tsunami warning in effect, JMA monitors tsunami meters and updates the warning. JMA also provides several types of macroseismic information. To fulfill these responsibilities, JMA collects data from 4400 seismic intensity meters, 1800 seismometers, 400 tsunami meters, and 39 strainmeters. Monitoring must be continued even under difficult situations such as times following great earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, severe weather conditions, and pandemics. JMA has dual operations centers located in Tokyo and Osaka. When one loses functionality due to a disaster or infection, the other continues 24/7 operations including warnings and issuing other information. Disastrous situations often cause power and communication failures and insufficient numbers of technical specialists. Following the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake, JMA enhanced power and communication capabilities by adding large capacity batteries at each station and satellite communication links. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, JMA has taken several measures to prevent technical specialists’ infection to continue the full range of functions for issuing of warnings and conveying needed information.

Thermal Performance of Nepalese Building- A Case Study of Dhulikhel and Biratnagar

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Nischal Chaulagain ◽  
Bivek Baral ◽  
Saurav Raj Bista
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Design Code ◽  
Electric Equipment ◽  
The Government ◽  
Real Scenario

Nepal has wide variation in altitude, so does its climate, lifestyle and housing. The building design code issued by the Government of Nepal does not address the issue of thermal comfort, which could be the reason the modern buildings built under the design code are performing poorly in terms of indoor thermal comfort. As a result, people have largely compromised in accommodation. The research includes selection of two representative buildings (at Biratnagar and Dhulikhel) followed by real time monitoring of indoor climate (temperature and Relative humidity). The logged data was used to calibrate the computer model. The model was approximated to real scenario including indoor heat loads from people, lighting, electric equipment and infiltration. Building energy modeling was done in EnergyPlus. The research work depicts the thermal performance of building by comparing the indoor climate of selected buildings of Biratnagar and Dhulikhel with the ASHARE suggested thermal comfort level for humans. The major problem found in the buildings of Biratnagar was overheating for more than 6 months period while for Dhulikhel was under heating for more than 4 months period. The author suggests further research to analyze passive techniques to improve thermal performance and reduce active energy consumption.

BIM architecture design from the perspective of smart city and its application in traditional residential design

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yan’an Lu ◽  
Lei Shi
Keyword(s):  
Safety Factor ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Resource Consumption ◽  
Strength Level ◽  
Architecture Design ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Residential Design ◽  
Maximum Value

This research mainly discusses the characteristics of BIM architecture design and its application in traditional residential design from the perspective of smart cities. Given the topics that people are more concerned about, this research mainly uses BIM modeling technology to initially build a virtualized building model. It discusses the convenience of intelligent automation technology in terms of resource consumption and house security. In terms of safety, different levels of wind blowing strength are mainly used to measure the distance moved by the house to evaluate the safety factor. Divide the wind blowing intensity into A, B, C, D, E, F, and 6 levels to test the strength of the house. When the wind intensity level is F, the safety factor is the weakest, which is 20%. When conducting a house consumption test, directly measure the house’s electricity consumption within a specified time to conduct a resource rate consumption test. Divide the time period into 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 5 h, 6 h, 6 different time periods to measure power consumption. The resource consumption rate reaches a maximum value of 96% when the length of time is 6 h. The experimental results show that the safety characteristics of BIM technology are the weakest when the wind strength level is F, and the safety performance is different when the wind strength level is different. In terms of resource consumption, the resource consumption rate reaches the maximum value when the time is 6 h, and the length of time directly determines the housing resource consumption rate. From the perspective of a smart city, BIM building design has the advantages of low resource consumption and high safety factor.

Design of Intelligent Living Room Environment’s Control System with Intelligent Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 644 ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yu ◽  
Yu Wen Zhai ◽  
Xiao Hong Li
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Living Room ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Single Chip Microcomputer ◽  
Measurement And Control System ◽  
And Control ◽  
Environment Parameters ◽  
Measurement And Control

The measurement and control system of an intelligent living room environment is introduced in this paper, which takes single-chip microcomputer STC89C52 as the core chip. The system uses the intelligent digital temperature and humidity materials SHT11 and light sensitive resistor to realize the detections of living room temperature, relative humidity and light intensity level with automatic control, in order to improve the living room comfort level. It's function reliable, simply constructed, and can achieve the automatic adjustment of living room environment parameters.

Practical Site-Specific Earthquake Early Warning Application

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhisa Kanda ◽  
◽  
Tadashi Nasu ◽  
Masamitsu Miyamura
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Seismic Intensity ◽  
Earthquake Early Warning ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Japan Meteorological Agency ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Intensity Estimation ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Wide Range

Real-time hazard mitigation we have developed using earthquake early warning (EEW) (1) enhances seismic intensity estimation accuracy and (2) extends the interval between when an EEW is issued and when strong tremors arrive. We accomplished the first point (enhancing seismic intensity estimation) by reducing estimation error to less than that commonly used based on an attenuation relationship and soil amplification factor by considering source-location and wave propagation path differences based on site-specific empiricism. We accomplished the second point (shortening the time between warnings and when tremors arrive) using a high-speed, reliable communication network for receiving EEW information from the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and quickly transmitting warning signals to users. In areas close to quake epicenters, however, warnings may not arrive before the arrival of strong ground motions. The on-site warning system we developed uses P-wave pickup sensors that detect P-wave arrival at a site and predict seismic intensity of subsequent S-waves. We confirmed the on-site warning prototype’s feasibility based on numerical simulation and observation. We also developed an integration server for combining on-site warnings with JMA information to be applied to earthquakes over a wide range of distances. We installed a practical prototype at a construction site near the 2008 Iwate-Miyagi Inland Earthquake epicenter to measure its aftershocks because JMA EEW information was too late to use against the main shock. We obtained good aftershock results, confirming the prototype’s applicability and accuracy. Integration server combination logic was developed for manufacturing sites requiring highly robust, reliable control.

The 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake and its Aftermath

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (Scientific Communication) ◽  
pp. sc20190112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Takahashi ◽  
Reo Kimura ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Seismic Intensity ◽  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
Japan Meteorological Agency ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Crust And Upper Mantle ◽  
Power Outage ◽  
System A ◽  
Upper Mantle Structure

The central Hokkaido, Northern Japan, was struck by an earthquake of M6.7 on September 6, 2018. Its deep hypocenter of 37 km might result of a complex crust and upper mantle structure in Hidaka arc-arc collision system. A seismic intensity of 7 on the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) scale was observed at Atsuma Town. About 90% of the casualties were due to the multiple earthquake-induced landslides in Atsuma Town, and a significant number of houses in the urban areas of Sapporo were damaged due to soil liquefaction. Destruction of electric power facilities near the epicenter caused a long-term power outage in approximately 2,950,000 houses in Hokkaido. The widespread blackout caused secondary damages to utilities, civil life, and economic activities in the region. The number of refugees from this incident was approximately 13,111 in maximum, and the economic damage also increased further as a result of the electric blackout. The Hokkaido Prefectural Government immediately applied the Disaster Relief Act on that accrual day. On September 28, 2018, the National Government certified the event as the Designated Disaster of Extreme Severity.

Special Issue on the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquakes

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (sp) ◽  
pp. 645-645
Author(s):  
Haruo Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Peer Review Process ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Seismic Intensity ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
The 2016 Kumamoto Earthquakes ◽  
One Year ◽  
2016 Kumamoto Earthquakes

At 9:26 pm on April 14, 2016, a magnitude 6.5 earthquake struck directly beneath Kumamoto prefecture, Japan, producing a seismic intensity level (JMA) of 7 in Mashiki Town. Although the earthquake damage forecasting system in operation at the time predicted that this earthquake would cause no damage, it resulted in extensive human casualties and property damage centered in Mashiki Town. Past midnight on April 16, 28 hours after the first shock, the second and main shock hit, which recorded magnitude 7.3 and was the strongest recorded urban earthquake in Japan since 1995. The hypocenter extended from Kumamoto prefecture to Oita prefecture, cutting across the island of Kyushu. Mount Aso also saw increased volcanic activities which led to several landslides. This resulted in the collapse of the Great Aso Bridge, an important transportation point, causing the loss of human lives as well as obstruction of traffic for an extended period. Much confusion arose in the process of implementing measures in response to the earthquakes, which produced damage in urban areas as well as hilly and mountainous regions, raising many issues and prompting several new approaches. Researchers in many fields have conducted various activities at the disaster sites in the one-year period following the earthquakes, and produced significant findings in many areas. In order to make these results available to the wider global community, JDR is releasing a special issue on the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquakes with excellent papers and reports to mark their one-year anniversary. While the submitted papers to this special issue went through our regular peer review process, no publication charge was imposed so as to encourage as many submissions as possible. It is our hope that this special issue will contribute to throwing light on the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquakes in its entirety.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document