scholarly journals Prevention and Countermeasures of Wild Levies on Behalf of Indigenous Villages

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Yunika Sulistyawati ◽  
Sang Ayu Made Ary Kusumawardhani
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
The Political ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Legal Remedies ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
Legislative Policy ◽  
Strategic Policy ◽  
Community Protection

The purpose of this research is to find out the Prevention and Countermeasure of Wild levies on behalf of indigenous village. The type of research used in this research is empirical research. Empirical research is research that examines and analyzes the legal workers in society (law in action) the main data used is data sourced from the Prevention and Countermeasure of wild levies on behalf of indigenous village.                 The results indicate that the prevention and countermeasures of Wild levies on behalf of Indigenous Villages. The goals of community welfare and community protection, prevention and countermeasures of crime must be carried out with integral of the means of reasoning penal and non-penal. Viewed from the political point of the most strategic policy law through preventive, preventive and countermeasures of crime by means of reasoning and non-precision whose functionalization or operationalization through several stages, namely, the legislative policy stage, the judicial policy stage and the executive policy stage. Repressive efforts are a last resort in overcoming illegal levies efforts made to suppress the magnitude of the number of Hungarian criminal acts in order to have a deterrent effect and fear for perpetrators or communities who are later in wanting to commit criminal offenses will undo the intentions of the repressive legal remedies.

Forging Women's Substantive Representation: Intersectional Interests, Political Parity, and Pensions in Bolivia

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Ewig
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Substantive Representation ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Pension Reforms ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Political Intersectionality

AbstractLacking tools to measure substantive representation, empirical research to date has determined women’s substantive representation by identifying “women’s interests” a priori, with little attention to differences across race, class, or other inequalities. To address this problem, I develop the concept of intersectional interests and a method for identifying these. Intersectional interests represent multiple perspectives and are forged through a process of political intersectionality that purposefully includes historically marginalized perspectives. These interests can be parsed into three types: expansionist, integrationist, and reconceived. Identification of intersectional interests requires, first, an inductive mapping of the differing women’s perspectives that exist in a specific context and then an examination of the political processes that lead to these new, redefined interests. I demonstrate the concept of intersectional interests and how to identify these in Bolivia, where I focus on the political process of forging reconceived intersectional interests in Bolivia’s political parity and pension reforms.

scholarly journals Predictive Policing and the Politics of Patterns

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 674-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mareile Kaufmann ◽  
Simon Egbert ◽  
Matthias Leese
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Police Work ◽  
Pattern Identification ◽  
The Political ◽  
Predictive Policing ◽  
Prediction Tools ◽  
The Way

AbstractPatterns are the epistemological core of predictive policing. With the move towards digital prediction tools, the authority of the pattern is rearticulated and reinforced in police work. Based on empirical research about predictive policing software and practices, this article puts the authority of patterns into perspective. Introducing four ideal-typical styles of pattern identification, we illustrate that patterns are not based on a singular logic, but on varying rationalities that give form to and formalize different understandings about crime. Yet, patterns render such different modes of reasoning about crime, and the way in which they feed back into policing cultures, opaque. Ultimately, this invites a stronger reflection about the political nature of patterns.

scholarly journals JUDGE'S JUDGMENT ON CRIMINAL OFFENSE AGAINST PERPETRATORS OF CRIMINAL EXTORTION WITH THE VIOLENCE AGAINST OTHER PEOPLE'S MOTORCYCLES (Verdict Study Number: 237/Pid. B/2018/PN Kla)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Oktasari Putri Pramisela ◽  
Yulia Hesti
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Attorney General ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
District Court ◽  
Criminal Offence ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
Violent Criminal ◽  
The Law

A crime or criminal act, usually perpetrators of criminals because of an encouragement based on the importance of fulfilling the necessities of life that is relatively difficult to fulfill. In principle the crime problem does not stand alone, but it relates to other issues such as social, economic, political and cultural which is as a phenomenon that affects each other. To tackle crimes and criminal acts such a thorough enforcement and anticipation policy is required. One of the most common criminal acts in the community is the violence of violent blackmail. Perpetrators can be assessed by the community, therefore it is necessary to be handled by the law enforcement officers intensively with the severity of the criminal that was dropped. The problem in this study is how the judge's consideration in dropping a criminal against perpetrators of criminal offenses with violence against motorcycles belonging to others, what are some factors causing perpetrators of criminal extortion with violence. The method of study used is the normative juridical approach and empirical approach obtained directly at the District Court of Kls II Kalianda, state Attorney of South Lampung. Based on the results of the study can be concluded that the judge's judgment in the criminal offence against the perpetrator of violent criminal offence is in accordance with the element contained in article 368 paragraph (1) of the criminal CODE and was sentenced to 2 years imprisonment. Factors affecting the cause of perpetrators of criminal extortion in violence are environmental factors, economic factors on society, the law enforcement. The advice given is to be expected to the Tribunal, the attorney general and the police in providing or establishing the article can be in accordance with its elements and actions, to the rationing punishment against the defendant is considered fair and give a deterrent effect so that the defendant can not repeat it again. There is cooperation between law enforcement and the community in minimizing the crimes that occurred.

scholarly journals O Problema do Poder Efetivo na Câmara dos Deputados

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renan Barbosa de Morais ◽  
Mário César San Felice ◽  
Pedro Henrique Del Bianco Hokama ◽  
Gabriel Ávila Casalecchi
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Power Index ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Mathematical Concept ◽  
The Political ◽  
Effective Power ◽  
The One ◽  
Index Problem

Proportionality in political representation is an essential theme forrepresentative democracy. In Brazil, this debate appears in the contextof non-proportionality between a federative unit’s populationsize and its number of representatives in the Chamber of Deputies.In other words, the number of deputies in a state is not proportionalto its number of inhabitants, which violates the "one man, one vote"principle.Discussions around this disproportionality have motivated scholarsto develop empirical research that aims to identify the causesand consequences of the phenomenon and to analyze the impactthat the rule introduces in the political process. This article seeksto contribute to this debate by measuring the effective power ofeach Brazilian federation’s entity and proposing alternatives ofdistribution for the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies.To this end, we use a mathematical concept from game theory,called Power Index, which allows quantifying the existing representationaldiscrepancies. After evaluating several distributions, wesolved the Inverse Power Index Problem (IPIP) to obtain a distributionof chairs that reduces such disparities. To solve the IPIP, whichis computationally hard, we use an evolutionary heuristic. As anobjective function to minimize the discrepancy, we use the linearShapley rule, in which the power index of each state is proportionalto its population.

scholarly journals CONSELHOS MUNICIPAIS DE EDUCAÇÃO EM SANTA CATARINA E NO PARANÁ: do pioneirismo ao lugar-comum nas tendências hegemônicas conservadoras

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolfo Ignacio Calderón ◽  
Donaldo Bello De Souza
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Practice ◽  
Santa Catarina

Este artigo se pauta na análise dos resultados de algumas investigações teóricoempíricas sobre o funcionamento institucional e sociopolítico dos Conselhos Municipais de Educação (CMEs) nos estados de Santa Catarina e do Paraná, publicados no período 1996-2010. Em termos conclusivos, confirma a hipótese inicialmente formulada de que o pioneirismo político-institucional desses estados, nos anos 1980, veio a dar lugar, a partir da década de 1990, a uma prática política conservadora, de caráter hegemônico, acenando para certa inércia e instrumentalização dos CMEs pelo Executivo Local.Palavras-chave: Conselhos Municipais de Educação, Santa Catarina, ParanáThis paper is based on the analysis of the results of some theoretical-empirical research about the institutional and socio-political functioning of the Municipal Education Councils (CMEs) in the states of Santa Catarina and Paraná, published in the period 1996-2010. The article confirms the hypothesis initially formulated that the political-institutional pioneering of these states, in the 1980s, came to be replaced, from the 1990s, by a conservative political practice, whith hegemonic character, which indicates a certain inertia and instrumentalization of CMEs by the Local Executive.Keywords: Municipal Education Councils, Santa Catarina, Paraná.

Beyond the Fiction of Federalism: Macroeconomic Management in Multitiered Systems

2002 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Rodden ◽  
Erik Wibbels
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Original Data ◽  
The Political ◽  
Budget Balance ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Federal States ◽  
The World ◽  
Macroeconomic Management ◽  
Economic Experiences

Recent research on federalism is extremely divided. While some tout the benefits of “market-preserving” federalism, others point to the fragmentation and incoherence of policy in federal states. This research bridges the divide by analyzing the political andfiscalstructures that are likely to account for the highly divergent economic experiences of federal systems around die world. To test these propositions, the authors use an original data set to conduct analyses of budget balance and inflation infifteenfederationsaround the world from 1978 through 1996. The empirical research suggests that the level of fiscal decentralization, the nature of intergovernmental finance, and vertical partisan relations all influence macroeconomic outcomes. The find- ings have broad implications for the widespread move toward greater decentralization and for the theoretical literatures on federalism and macroeconomics.

The Political Incorporation of Muslims in the United States: The Mobilizing Role of Religiosity in Islam

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karam Dana ◽  
Bryan Wilcox-Archuleta ◽  
Matt Barreto
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Incorporation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Muslim Americans ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Overwhelming Evidence

AbstractDespite the overwhelming evidence to the contrary, popular perceptions in the United States, especially among political elites, continue to believe that religious Muslims oppose American democratic traditions and values. While many studies find positive relationships between mosque attendance and civic participation among U.S. Muslims, an empirical and theoretical puzzle continues to exist. What is missing is research that examines the relationships between the multi-dimensional concept of religiosity and how this is associated with public opinion and attitudes towards the American political system among Muslim Americans. Using a unique national survey of Muslim Americans, we find a positive relationship between religious beliefs, behavior, and belonging and perceptions of compatibility with American democratic traditions. Quite simply, the most religious are the most likely to believe in political integration in the United States.

Pedagogical stylistics, literary awareness and empowerment: a critical perspective

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Zyngier ◽  
Olivia Fialho
Keyword(s):  
Critical Pedagogy ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
The Political ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Pedagogical Orientation ◽  
To Come ◽  
Literary Awareness

Based on the premise that stylisticians who are involved with teaching should be aware of the pedagogical orientation and reading paradigms which inform their practice, this article questions whether critical pedagogy can dialogue with stylistics as an approach to working with literary texts in the classroom. The theoretical claims are illustrated with examples from two Literary Awareness workshops in an EFL situation. The argument leads to the conclusion that irrespective of the political orientation and a rather romantic view of education, some of the ideas proposed by critical pedagogy can still contribute to the area of pedagogical stylistics in the years to come. The article concludes with a recommendation for more empirical research in the area.

Comparative Criminal Law: An Economic Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
The Political ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Social Loss ◽  
Central Planner ◽  
Democratic Systems

AbstractThis paper develops an economic model to explain how societies make decisions about criminal law based on efficiency. The scope of criminal law depends on activities considered harmless or harmful. Besides different scope of criminal law, different societies can also have different punishments for certain kinds of crimes. This divergence stems from the relative importance of factors that societies consider in optimizing social loss from criminal activities. These factors are: the harmfulness of the crime, retributive or regretful emotions towards offenders or what is called “humanity of punishment” and the deterrent effect of certain punishments. Different attitudes towards these aspects lead to differences in criminal law. Once sources of divergence have been identified, the key question is who decides the above features? The answer depends crucially on the political constitution of the society. In authoritarian systems, the central planner formulates the criminal law; in democratic systems “public opinion” can have different degrees of influence. The most common style in forming criminal justice policies in advanced democracies is “insulated delegation” or “professionalization of punishment,” in the hands of the academic elite.

Research in the Political Process

1951 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Garceau
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Party System ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Democratic Polity ◽  
Individual Capacity ◽  
Democratic Faith

A discipline, like an individual, may in some measure be known by the dilemmas it keeps, or more properly by the manner in which it keeps them.A central conceptual controversy, probably inescapable for political scientists because of their disciplinary heritage, is that involved in perceiving uniformities in behavior, describing recurring patterns, identifying the determinants and yet reconciling this effort and its underlying premises about the roots of behavior with the liberal, democratic faith in man's individual capacity to determine his own ends, to think rationally and to reach individual and creative decisions. On this faith rests the political structure of rights, the machinery of the democratic electorate, the party system and the values of the constitutional democratic state whose political process we are concerned to describe and analyze. Cultural anthropologists, social psychologists of many disciplinary schools, hard-boiled “realists” in political science, have recently drawn back from determinist or whole-heartedly relativist positions. Some are concerned that political science, in a fresh enthusiasm for empirical research, may become so engrossed with uniformities and determinants that it will obscure or abandon the normative commitments of a democratic polity.

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