Implementing Evidence Based Research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Huey ◽  
Renée J. Mitchell ◽  
Hina Kalyal ◽  
Roger Pegram
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Barriers To Change ◽  
Police Forces

This practical and accessible guide shows how police forces of all sizes can successfully adopt evidence-based methods. Drawing on experiences of North American policing, it sets out ways for decision makers to reshape practices, strategies and organizational structures, and overcome barriers to change.

scholarly journals How Can Scientific Literature Support Decision-Making in the Renovation of Historic Buildings? An Evidence-Based Approach for Improving the Performance of Walls

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2266
Author(s):  
Valentina Marincioni ◽  
Virginia Gori ◽  
Ernst Jan de Place Hansen ◽  
Daniel Herrera-Avellanosa ◽  
Sara Mauri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Performance ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Assessment Design

Buildings of heritage significance due to their historical, architectural, or cultural value, here called historic buildings, constitute a large proportion of the building stock in many countries around the world. Improving the performance of such buildings is necessary to lower the carbon emissions of the stock, which generates around 40% of the overall emissions worldwide. In historic buildings, it is estimated that heat loss through external walls contributes significantly to the overall energy consumption, and is associated with poor thermal comfort and indoor air quality. Measures to improve the performance of walls of historic buildings require a balance between energy performance, indoor environmental quality, heritage significance, and technical compatibility. Appropriate wall measures are available, but the correct selection and implementation require an integrated process throughout assessment (planning), design, construction, and use. Despite the available knowledge, decision-makers often have limited access to robust information on tested retrofit measures, hindering the implementation of deep renovation. This paper provides an evidence-based approach on the steps required during assessment, design, and construction, and after retrofitting through a literature review. Moreover, it provides a review of possible measures for wall retrofit within the deep renovation of historic buildings, including their advantages and disadvantages and the required considerations based on context.

Leadership as a Facilitator of Evidence Implementation by Nurse Managers: A Metasynthesis

2021 ◽  
pp. 019394592110049
Author(s):  
María Zoraida Clavijo-Chamorro ◽  
Gema Romero-Zarallo ◽  
Adela Gómez-Luque ◽  
Fidel López-Espuela ◽  
Sebastián Sanz-Martos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nurse Managers ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Shared Vision ◽  
Readiness For Change ◽  
Staff Nurses ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
Practical Experiences ◽  
Leadership Influence

Evidence-based practice is often not implemented in nursing for reasons relating to leadership. This article aims to cast light on the factors that facilitate nursing evidence implementation perceived by nurse managers in their practical experiences of this implementation. It is a qualitative, narrative metasynthesis of primary studies on nurse managers’ leadership-related facilitation experiences, following the Joanna Briggs Institute meta-aggregative approach and the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARiHS) model. Eleven primary studies were included and three general categories were identified as leadership-related factors facilitating evidence implementation: teamwork (communication between managers and staff nurses), organizational structures (strategic governance), and transformational leadership (influence on evidence application and readiness for change among leaders). Nurse managers act as facilitators of evidence-based practices by transforming contexts to motivate their staff and move toward a shared vision of change. Always providing support as managers and colleagues, sharing their experience in the clinic environment.

CAN BAYESIAN METHODS MAKE DATA AND ANALYSES MORE RELEVANT TO DECISION MAKERS?

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven H. Sheingold
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Bayesian Methods ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Bayesian Approaches ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
And Performance

Decision making in health care has become increasingly reliant on information technology, evidence-based processes, and performance measurement. It is therefore a time at which it is of critical importance to make data and analyses more relevant to decision makers. Those who support Bayesian approaches contend that their analyses provide more relevant information for decision making than do classical or “frequentist” methods, and that a paradigm shift to the former is long overdue. While formal Bayesian analyses may eventually play an important role in decision making, there are several obstacles to overcome if these methods are to gain acceptance in an environment dominated by frequentist approaches. Supporters of Bayesian statistics must find more accommodating approaches to making their case, especially in finding ways to make these methods more transparent and accessible. Moreover, they must better understand the decision-making environment they hope to influence. This paper discusses these issues and provides some suggestions for overcoming some of these barriers to greater acceptance.

scholarly journals 18.H. Workshop: Bringing evidence during public health emergencies: addressing the challenge through HTA

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Response Planning ◽  
Emergency Preparedness And Response ◽  
Public Health Emergency Preparedness

Abstract Evidence-based decision-making is central to public health. Implementing evidence-informed actions is most challenging during a public health emergency as in an epidemic, when time is limited, scientific uncertainties and political pressures tend to be high, and irrefutable evidence may be lacking. The process of including evidence in public health decision-making and for evidence-informed policy, in preparation, and during public health emergencies, is not systematic and is complicated by many barriers as the absences of shared tools and approaches for evidence-based preparedness and response planning. Many of today's public health crises are also cross-border, and countries need to collaborate in a systematic and standardized way in order to enhance interoperability and to implement coordinated evidence-based response plans. To strengthen the impact of scientific evidence on decision-making for public health emergency preparedness and response, it is necessary to better define mechanisms through which interdisciplinary evidence feeds into decision-making processes during public health emergencies and the context in which these mechanisms operate. As a multidisciplinary, standardized and evidence-based decision-making tool, Health Technology Assessment (HTA) represents and approach that can inform public health emergency preparedness and response planning processes; it can also provide meaningful insights on existing preparedness structures, working as bridge between scientists and decision-makers, easing knowledge transition and translation to ensure that evidence is effectively integrated into decision-making contexts. HTA can address the link between scientific evidence and decision-making in public health emergencies, and overcome the key challenges faced by public health experts when advising decision makers, including strengthening and accelerating knowledge transfer through rapid HTA, improving networking between actors and disciplines. It may allow a 360° perspective, providing a comprehensive view to decision-making in preparation and during public health emergencies. The objective of the workshop is to explore and present how HTA can be used as a shared and systematic evidence-based tool for Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response, in order to enable stakeholders and decision makers taking actions based on the best available evidence through a process which is systematic and transparent. Key messages There are many barriers and no shared mechanisms to bring evidence in decision-making during public health emergencies. HTA can represent the tool to bring evidence-informed actions in public health emergency preparedness and response.

HARNESSING HEURISTICS FOR ECONOMIC POLICY

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-163
Author(s):  
Ramzi Mabsout ◽  
Jana G. Mourad
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Fast And Frugal Heuristics ◽  
Changing Environments ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
Biases And Heuristics ◽  
Behavioural Sciences

Abstract:The effectiveness of heuristics has received contradicting interpretations in the behavioural sciences. We study the policy implications of two programmes that dispute the effectiveness of heuristics – the biases and heuristics and the fast and frugal heuristics programmes. While the first blames heuristics for most errors in judgement, the second posits heuristics as simple mental algorithms that work well in a range of environments. We argue that the fast and frugal programme is less paternalistic insofar as it models humans as effective decision-makers in a range of environments. However, in the rapidly changing environments of the 21st century, both are needed to inform evidence-based policies.

Handbook on Using Administrative Data for Research and Evidence-based Policy

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Administrative Data ◽  
Data Security ◽  
Data Use ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Institutional Review Boards ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Evidence Based Policy ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Address Data ◽  
The Us

The Handbook on Using Administrative Data for Research and Evidence-based Policy offers guidance for researchers, data providers, and decision-makers who would like to use administrative data to inform policy. Administrative data has the potential to change the future of research, in particular when combined with experiments that can help test the effectiveness of planned programs and evaluate new hypotheses. This Handbook offers a roadmap to overcome potential challenges in using administrative data for research and evaluation purposes. The technical chapters address data use agreements, working with institutional review boards, physical data security, privacy, and more. Ten complementary case studies showcase diverse models of successful administrative data partnerships in the US, Canada, Europe, Africa, and Asia.

The limits of evidence-based anti-bribery law

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin E. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Causal Relationships ◽  
Causal Inferences ◽  
Business Regulation

Evidence-based regulation is a term of art that refers to the process of making decisions about regulation based on evidence generated through systematic research. There is increasing pressure to treat evidence-based regulation as a global best practice, including in the area of anti-bribery law. Too little attention has been paid to the fact that under certain conditions evidence-based regulation is likely to be a less appealing method of decision making than the alternative – namely, relying on judgment. Those conditions are: it is difficult to collect data on either interventions or outcomes; accurate causal inferences are difficult to draw; there is little warrant for believing that the same causal relationships will apply in a new context; or the decision makers in question lack the capacity to undertake one of these tasks. These conditions are likely to be present in complex, transnational, decentralized, and dynamic forms of business regulation such as the global anti-bribery regime.

Challenge

2017 ◽  
pp. 10-25
Author(s):  
Lennie Scott-Webber
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Classroom Design ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Current State ◽  
Behavioral Cues ◽  
Teaching And Learning Strategies

Too many stakeholders are ignoring too much scientific research and the net resulting outcome is too many students are left behind academically. Significant and strategic changes must occur quickly to correct this fundamental outcome. This chapter explores issues relative to the current state of classroom design and why they haven't changed systemically in over 4000 years. Definitions of active learning and behavioral research basics, the nature of the physical learning place, Evidence-Based Designs (EBD) solutions and examples of solution features and capabilities impacting pedagogy (i.e., teaching and learning strategies), technology and spaces are shared. Metrics of ‘proof' of engagement impact are cited, and this author argues that space provides behavioral cues. To simplify the complexity of moving from a teacher-centric paradigm and design solutions to a learner-centric one, two important items for consideration are presented: 1) a formula guiding deep learning parameters for all stakeholders and 2) a decision-makers' checklist.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
William B. Rouse
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Leading Indicators ◽  
Tipping Points ◽  
Decision Making Models

Chapter 1 provides the introduction to this book. Predictions can seldom specify what will happen, so, inevitably, one addresses what might happen. There are often many possible futures, with leading indicators and potential tipping points for each scenario. Computational models can be used to explore designs of systems and policies to determine whether these designs will likely be effective and to aid in decision-making. Models are means to ends rather then ends in themselves. Decision-makers seldom crave models. They want their questions answered in an evidence-based manner. Decision-makers want insights that provide them with a competitive advantage. They want to understand possible futures to formulate robust and resilient strategies for addressing these futures.

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