scholarly journals CLOSTRIDIUM TERTIUM ISOLATED FROM FEED

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Dubravka Milanov ◽  
Milan Đilas ◽  
Maja Velhner ◽  
Nevenka Aleksić
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Unique Species

Although Clostridium tertium is supposed to be a foodborne pathogen, the data on its detection in foodstuff s is scarce, and there are no reports on its isolation from feed. In this communication paper, the isolation of C. tertium from a sample of soya semolina is described. C. tertium may be importantin diff erential diagnosis, when it is to be distinguished from Clostridium perfringens. It is a unique species due to the lack of key characteristics of the genus it belongs to because it grows in the presence of oxygen and does not produce toxins. It has been well-documented as a human pathogen, although its mechanisms of pathogenicity are still unknown. According to sporadic reports in veterinary medicine, it has been identifi ed as a rare causative agent of infections in cattle, pigs, birds and marine mammals.

scholarly journals Plants as a realized niche for Listeria monocytogenes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoai-Nam Truong ◽  
Dominique Garmyn ◽  
Laurent Gal ◽  
Carine Fournier ◽  
Yann Sevellec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Realized Niche ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Listeria monocytogenes is a human pathogen. It is the causative agent of listeriosis, the leading cause of bacterial-linked foodborne mortality in Europe and elsewhere. Outbreaks of listeriosis have been associated with the consumption of fresh produce including vegetables and fruits. In this review we summarize current data providing direct or indirect evidence that plants can serve as habitat for L. monocytogenes, enabling this human pathogen to survive and grow. The current knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the interaction of this bacterium with plants is addressed, and whether this foodborne pathogen elicits an immune response in plants is discussed.

scholarly journals Clostridium perfringens as Foodborne Pathogen in Broiler Production: Pathophysiology and Potential Strategies for Controlling Necrotic Enteritis

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1718
Author(s):  
Zuamí Villagrán-de la Mora ◽  
María Esther Macías-Rodríguez ◽  
Jenny Arratia-Quijada ◽  
Yesica Sughey Gonzalez-Torres ◽  
Karla Nuño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters

Clostridium perfringens (Cp.) is the cause of human foodborne desease. Meat and poultry products are identified as the main source of infection for humans. Cp. can be found in poultry litter, feces, soil, dust, and healthy birds’ intestinal contents. Cp. strains are known to secrete over 20 identified toxins and enzymes that could potentially be the principal virulence factors, capable of degrading mucin, affecting enterocytes, and the small intestine epithelium, involved in necrotic enteritis (NE) pathophysiology, also leading to immunological responses, microbiota modification and anatomical changes. Different environmental and dietary factors can determine the colonization of this microorganism. It has been observed that the incidence of Cp-associated to NE in broilers has increased in countries that have stopped using antibiotic growth promoters. Since the banning of such antibiotic growth promoters, several strategies for Cp. control have been proposed, including dietary modifications, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, phytogenics, organic acids, and vaccines. However, there are aspects of the pathology that still need to be clarified to establish better actions to control and prevention. This paper reviews the current knowledge about Cp. as foodborne pathogen, the pathophysiology of NE, and recent findings on potential strategies for its control.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of Listeria monocytogenes Serotype 4b Strains 944 and 2993 and Serotype 1/2c Strains 198 and 2932

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidan Casey ◽  
Olivia McAuliffe ◽  
Edward M. Fox ◽  
Dara Leong ◽  
Cormac G. M. Gahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Serotype 4B

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen and the causative agent of listeriosis among humans and animals. The draft genome sequences of L. monocytogenes serotype 4b strains 944 and 2993 and serotype 1/2c strains 198 and 2932 are reported here.

Clostridium perfringens: A Dynamic Foodborne Pathogen

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 624-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santos García ◽  
Norma Heredia
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen

scholarly journals Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus from dogs, pigs and their handlers in Zaria and Kaduna, Metropolis, Kaduna State

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 09-16
Author(s):  
Oyeronke Olamide Okeniyi ◽  
Josiah Onaolapo ◽  
Rebecca Olajumoke Bolaji
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Anterior Nare ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Animal Agriculture

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a critically important human pathogen that is also an emerging concern in veterinary medicine and animal agriculture. The present study aimed to identify the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus from dogs, pigs, and their handlers in Zaria and Kaduna, Metropolis, Kaduna State. Methods: A total of three (300) samples were obtained from the Skin, anus, and anterior nare of pigs, dogs, and hand swabs of their handlers in three (3) Communities; Buwaya, Gonin-Gora, Maraban Rido, all in Kaduna and Samaru, Zaria in Kaduna state. S. aureus was isolated and characterized using standard microbiological protocols. Results: The results revealed that one Hundred and Sixty-five (165) of the samples isolated were Staphylococcus after the samples were cultured on Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA). Ninety-five (95) were confirmed to be Staphylococcus species after the Coagulase test was carried out. Further identification of the Ninety-five (95) isolates using the Microgen Staph-ID kit results revealed that 46(48.4%) of the isolates were S. aureus, 49 (51.5%) other species of Staphylococcus that were coagulase-positive but not S. aureus, like S. Intermedius 6(6.3 %,) S. hyicus 4(4.2%). The coagulase-negative isolates consists of S.xylosus 27 (28.4%), S.chromogenes 8 (8.4 %), S. hominis 4(4.2%). Conclusion: the results of the present study calls for public health concern because of the health risk associated with colonization of individuals with Staphylococcus aureus.

scholarly journals Isolation, identification and toxinotyping of Clostridium perfringens isolated from broilers in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (04) ◽  
pp. 1367-1372
Author(s):  
Zain Ul Abadeen
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Type A ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Alpha Toxin ◽  
Enteric Disease ◽  
Isolation Rate

Necrotic enteritis (NE) is one of the important enteric disease in the poultry industry worldwide, caused by C. perfringens type A. This study describes the isolation, identification, and toxinotyping of C. perfringens in necrotic enteritis affected broiler chicken in Pakistan. A total of 430 intestinal samples from dead carcasses and birds suspected of NE outbreak, in and around Faisalabad, Pakistan were collected from 36 broiler farms which yielded 87 alpha toxin gene (cpa) positive C. perfringens type A isolates. The birds having 4-5 weeks of age, clinical signs, and reared in open (conventional) sheds showed higher C. perfringens isolation rate. The study concluded netB negative C. perfringens type A as a causative agent for NE outbreaks in broiler birds in Faisalabad, Pakistan.

scholarly journals Combinatorial Viral Vector-Based and Live Attenuated Vaccines without an Adjuvant to Generate Broader Immune Responses to Effectively Combat Pneumonic Plague

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B. Kilgore ◽  
Jian Sha ◽  
Emily K. Hendrix ◽  
Vladimir L. Motin ◽  
Ashok K. Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Pneumonic Plague ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccines ◽  
Tier 1

Yersinia pestis , the causative agent of plague, is a Tier-1 select agent and a reemerging human pathogen. A 2017 outbreak in Madagascar with >75% of cases being pneumonic and 8.6% causalities emphasized the importance of the disease.

scholarly journals The Circulation of Type F Clostridium perfringens among Humans, Sewage, and Ruditapes philippinarum (Asari Clams)

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keita Yanagimoto ◽  
Kosei Uematsu ◽  
Takaya Yamagami ◽  
Eiji Haramoto
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Ruditapes Philippinarum ◽  
Foodborne Diseases ◽  
Sewage Pollution

Clostridium perfringens is an important pathogen that is responsible for gastroenteritis; the causative agent for the symptoms is C. perfringens enterotoxin (CPE), which is mainly produced by type F C. perfringens. Since shellfishes may gather C. perfringens in the water environment, this study estimated the potential circulation of type F C. perfringens among humans, sewage, and Ruditapes philippinarum (asari clams) as a result of sewage pollution. A comparison of the characteristics among the isolates from 86 sewage influents, 36 effluents, 76 asari clams, and 37 humans was conducted. Serotyping, cpe genotyping, and toxin genotyping showed that C. perfringens with a plasmid IS1151 sequence downstream of cpe was predominant among sewage influents, effluents, humans, and asari clams. Multilocus sequence typing suggested that some isolates from a human, sewage influents, effluents, and asari clams were linked to each other. These results demonstrated that asari clams are the necessary infection sources of C. perfringens responsible for carriers and foodborne diseases, and that these pathogens from humans infected by asari clams can pollute the water environment. It is useful to assess bacteria such as C. perfringens isolates from sewage to estimate the trend of those from the community.

scholarly journals Two Bacterial Genera, Sodalis and Rickettsia, Associated with the Seal Louse Proechinophthirus fluctus (Phthiraptera: Anoplura)

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 3185-3197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bret M. Boyd ◽  
Julie M. Allen ◽  
Ryuichi Koga ◽  
Takema Fukatsu ◽  
Andrew D. Sweet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Bacterial Symbiont ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Symbionts ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fur Seals ◽  
Symbiont Genome ◽  
Blood Meals

ABSTRACTRoughly 10% to 15% of insect species host heritable symbiotic bacteria known as endosymbionts. The lice parasitizing mammals rely on endosymbionts to provide essential vitamins absent in their blood meals. Here, we describe two bacterial associates from a louse,Proechinophthirus fluctus, which is an obligate ectoparasite of a marine mammal. One of these is a heritable endosymbiont that is not closely related to endosymbionts of other mammalian lice. Rather, it is more closely related to endosymbionts of the genusSodalisassociated with spittlebugs and feather-chewing bird lice. Localization and vertical transmission of this endosymbiont are also more similar to those of bird lice than to those of other mammalian lice. The endosymbiont genome appears to be degrading in symbiosis; however, it is considerably larger than the genomes of other mammalian louse endosymbionts. These patterns suggest the possibility that thisSodalisendosymbiont might be recently acquired, replacing a now-extinct, ancient endosymbiont. From the same lice, we also identified an abundant bacterium belonging to the genusRickettsiathat is closely related toRickettsia ricketsii, a human pathogen vectored by ticks. No obvious masses of theRickettsiabacterium were observed in louse tissues, nor did we find any evidence of vertical transmission, so the nature of its association remains unclear.IMPORTANCEMany insects are host to heritable symbiotic bacteria. These heritable bacteria have been identified from numerous species of parasitic lice. It appears that novel symbioses have formed between lice and bacteria many times, with new bacterial symbionts potentially replacing existing ones. However, little was known about the symbionts of lice parasitizing marine mammals. Here, we identified a heritable bacterial symbiont in lice parasitizing northern fur seals. This bacterial symbiont appears to have been recently acquired by the lice. The findings reported here provide insights into how new symbioses form and how this lifestyle is shaping the symbiont genome.

scholarly journals A Five Site Clostridium Perfringens Food-Borne Outbreak: A Retrospective Cohort Study / Izbruh Okužb S Clostridium Perfringens, Prenesenih S Hrano, Na Petih Lokacijah: Retrospektivna Kohortna Raziskava

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Mario Fafangel ◽  
Veronika Učakar ◽  
Marko Vudrag ◽  
Ingrid Berce ◽  
Alenka Kraigher
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Interdisciplinary Collaboration ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Pfge Analysis ◽  
Food Borne

ABSTRACTIntroduction. In May of 2012, we investigated a food-borne Clostridium perfringens outbreak in Slovenia involving a single kitchen and five venues, with 477 exposed persons.Methods. In order to identify the causative agent, vehicle of infection and source of contamination, we conducted microbiological and environmental investigations and an analytical cohort study (n = 138).Results. The case definition in the outbreak was met by 104 persons. Predominant symptoms were diarrhoea, nausea and abdominal cramps. Median incubation time and duration of illness were 12 and 22.5 hours respectively. Stool samples were collected from 18 persons and in 13 C. perfringens spores were present; enterotoxin was detected in 9 persons. PCR and PFGE analysis of isolates from a cook with earlier onset time, who did not consume the implicated food, and cases from four venues showed the same strain of C. perfringens type A (with cpe-gene), indistinguishable by PFGE analysis. No food samples could be obtained. An analytical study showed that one food item (French salad) was the most likely vehicle of infection (RR: 6.35; 95% CI: 1.62-24.90).Conclusions. This was the largest C. perfringens outbreak in Slovenia to date. Proper analytical study in combination with detailed laboratory investigation with genotypisation enabled us to identify a causative agent, vehicle of infection and possible source of contamination. Fast response and interdisciplinary collaboration led to timely implementation of control measures. These have led to the kitchen acquiring new equipment and improving staff knowledge of risks and processes, thus reducing the likelihood of future reoccurrences

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