scholarly journals Plants as a realized niche for Listeria monocytogenes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoai-Nam Truong ◽  
Dominique Garmyn ◽  
Laurent Gal ◽  
Carine Fournier ◽  
Yann Sevellec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Realized Niche ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Listeria monocytogenes is a human pathogen. It is the causative agent of listeriosis, the leading cause of bacterial-linked foodborne mortality in Europe and elsewhere. Outbreaks of listeriosis have been associated with the consumption of fresh produce including vegetables and fruits. In this review we summarize current data providing direct or indirect evidence that plants can serve as habitat for L. monocytogenes, enabling this human pathogen to survive and grow. The current knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the interaction of this bacterium with plants is addressed, and whether this foodborne pathogen elicits an immune response in plants is discussed.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of Listeria monocytogenes Serotype 4b Strains 944 and 2993 and Serotype 1/2c Strains 198 and 2932

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidan Casey ◽  
Olivia McAuliffe ◽  
Edward M. Fox ◽  
Dara Leong ◽  
Cormac G. M. Gahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Serotype 4B

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen and the causative agent of listeriosis among humans and animals. The draft genome sequences of L. monocytogenes serotype 4b strains 944 and 2993 and serotype 1/2c strains 198 and 2932 are reported here.

scholarly journals CLOSTRIDIUM TERTIUM ISOLATED FROM FEED

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Dubravka Milanov ◽  
Milan Đilas ◽  
Maja Velhner ◽  
Nevenka Aleksić
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Unique Species

Although Clostridium tertium is supposed to be a foodborne pathogen, the data on its detection in foodstuff s is scarce, and there are no reports on its isolation from feed. In this communication paper, the isolation of C. tertium from a sample of soya semolina is described. C. tertium may be importantin diff erential diagnosis, when it is to be distinguished from Clostridium perfringens. It is a unique species due to the lack of key characteristics of the genus it belongs to because it grows in the presence of oxygen and does not produce toxins. It has been well-documented as a human pathogen, although its mechanisms of pathogenicity are still unknown. According to sporadic reports in veterinary medicine, it has been identifi ed as a rare causative agent of infections in cattle, pigs, birds and marine mammals.

scholarly journals Features of pathogenetic mechanisms of the interaction of viruses and platelets in patients with immune thrombocytopenia (review of literature)

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 530-536
Author(s):  
V. М. Dudnyk ◽  
V. H. Furman ◽  
О. І. Izuymets ◽  
А. P. Fedchishen ◽  
N. I. Sinchyck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Immune Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Platelet Surface ◽  
Antiplatelet Antibodies

Annotation. One of the urgent interdisciplinar problems of modern medicine is to study the mechanisms of development of virus-induced thrombocytopenia in patients. The aim is to sum up current knowledge of viruses and platelets interaction, how viruses affect platelet and modulate adaptive immune response. A systematic review of the articles in the Pub Med database was conducted between 2007 and 2020, using search terms: platelets, thrombocytopenia, viral infection. Current data on the study of the mechanisms of platelet interaction with different types of viruses in immune thrombocytopenia in children were analyzed. We studied activation of platelets by a viral infection and how the immune response works. We know that the immune response is a cyclic multistage process involving T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, macrophages, cytokines, Nk-cells. Antiplatelet antibodies are increase platelet clearance from the blood. The combination of antibodies with platelets leads to phagocytosis. In patients with immune thrombocytopenia ІgG antibodies are produced against GP/ІІ b/ІІІ or GP/І b/ІХ glycoproteins located on the platelet surface. In this situation it is possible to produce antibodies of other subclasses of ІgG, also a complement of fixing Іg G, rarelyІg А to other glycoprotein, or to other complexes Іb ІХ, Іа/ІІа. Since megakaryocytes express glycoprotein ІІb/ІІІа, Ів as well as other platelet antigens, they become a target for autoantibodies. Viruses can interact directly with platelets and megakaryocytes. In addition, platelets can be activated by viral antigen-antibody complexes and B- lymphocytes can produce antiplatelet antibodies. All of these processes are activate platelets and lead to increased consumption and remove of platelets, this causes hemorrhagic manifestation in patients.

Aim for the Readers! Bromodomains As New Targets Against Chagas’ Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (36) ◽  
pp. 6544-6563
Author(s):  
Victoria Lucia Alonso ◽  
Luis Emilio Tavernelli ◽  
Alejandro Pezza ◽  
Pamela Cribb ◽  
Carla Ritagliati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Lysine Acetylation ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Lysine Residues ◽  
Antiparasitic Drugs

Bromodomains recognize and bind acetyl-lysine residues present in histone and non-histone proteins in a specific manner. In the last decade they have raised as attractive targets for drug discovery because the miss-regulation of human bromodomains was discovered to be involved in the development of a large spectrum of diseases. However, targeting eukaryotic pathogens bromodomains continues to be almost unexplored. We and others have reported the essentiality of diverse bromodomain- containing proteins in protozoa, offering a new opportunity for the development of antiparasitic drugs, especially for Trypansoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas’ disease. Mammalian bromodomains were classified in eight groups based on sequence similarity but parasitic bromodomains are very divergent proteins and are hard to assign them to any of these groups, suggesting that selective inhibitors can be obtained. In this review, we describe the importance of lysine acetylation and bromodomains in T. cruzi as well as the current knowledge on mammalian bromodomains. Also, we summarize the myriad of small-molecules under study to treat different pathologies and which of them have been tested in trypanosomatids and other protozoa. All the information available led us to propose that T. cruzi bromodomains should be considered as important potential targets and the search for smallmolecules to inhibit them should be empowered.

scholarly journals Listeria monocytogenes Cold Shock Proteins: Small Proteins with A Huge Impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
Francis Muchaamba ◽  
Roger Stephan ◽  
Taurai Tasara
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Cold Shock ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Cold Shock Proteins ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Small Proteins ◽  
Shock Proteins

Listeria monocytogenes has evolved an extensive array of mechanisms for coping with stress and adapting to changing environmental conditions, ensuring its virulence phenotype expression. For this reason, L. monocytogenes has been identified as a significant food safety and public health concern. Among these adaptation systems are cold shock proteins (Csps), which facilitate rapid response to stress exposure. L. monocytogenes has three highly conserved csp genes, namely, cspA, cspB, and cspD. Using a series of csp deletion mutants, it has been shown that L. monocytogenes Csps are important for biofilm formation, motility, cold, osmotic, desiccation, and oxidative stress tolerance. Moreover, they are involved in overall virulence by impacting the expression of virulence-associated phenotypes, such as hemolysis and cell invasion. It is postulated that during stress exposure, Csps function to counteract harmful effects of stress, thereby preserving cell functions, such as DNA replication, transcription and translation, ensuring survival and growth of the cell. Interestingly, it seems that Csps might suppress tolerance to some stresses as their removal resulted in increased tolerance to stresses, such as desiccation for some strains. Differences in csp roles among strains from different genetic backgrounds are apparent for desiccation tolerance and biofilm production. Additionally, hierarchical trends for the different Csps and functional redundancies were observed on their influences on stress tolerance and virulence. Overall current data suggest that Csps have a wider role in bacteria physiology than previously assumed.

scholarly journals COVID-19: a review of current knowledge regarding exposure, quarantine, isolation and other preventive measures

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 204993612110320
Author(s):  
Robert Rosolanka ◽  
Andres F. Henao-Martinez ◽  
Larissa Pisney ◽  
Carlos Franco-Paredes ◽  
Martin Krsak
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Exposure Control ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Vaccination Strategies ◽  
Speed Up

Deeper understanding of the spread, morbidity, fatality, and development of immune response associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is necessary in order to establish an appropriate epidemiological and clinical response. Exposure control represents a key part of the combat against COVID-19, as the effectiveness of current therapeutic options remains partial. Since the preventive measures have not been sufficiently able to slow down this pandemic, in this article we explore some of the pertinent knowledge gaps, while overall looking to effective vaccination strategies as a way out. Early on, such strategies may need to rely on counting the convalescents as protected in order to speed up the immunization of the whole population.

scholarly journals Autophagy—A Story of Bacteria Interfering with the Host Cell Degradation Machinery

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Anna K. Riebisch ◽  
Sabrina Mühlen ◽  
Yan Yan Beer ◽  
Ingo Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Intracellular Pathogens ◽  
Response Mechanism ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli

Autophagy is a highly conserved and fundamental cellular process to maintain cellular homeostasis through recycling of defective organelles or proteins. In a response to intracellular pathogens, autophagy further acts as an innate immune response mechanism to eliminate pathogens. This review will discuss recent findings on autophagy as a reaction to intracellular pathogens, such as Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, and pathogenic Escherichia coli. Interestingly, while some of these bacteria have developed methods to use autophagy for their own benefit within the cell, others have developed fascinating mechanisms to evade recognition, to subvert the autophagic pathway, or to escape from autophagy.

scholarly journals Immune response of calves inoculated with proteins ofAnaplasma marginale bound to an immunostimulant complex

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Ribeiro Gasparini ◽  
Rafael Felipe da Costa Vieira ◽  
Denise Amaral Gomes do Nascimento ◽  
João Luis Garcia ◽  
Odilon Vidotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
The Third ◽  
Additional Testing ◽  
Major Surface Proteins ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Major Surface

Despite our current knowledge of the immunology, pathology, and genetics of Anaplasma marginale, prevention in cattle is currently based on old standbys, including live attenuated vaccines, antibiotic treatment, and maintaining enzootic stability in cattle herds. In the present study, we evaluated the use of an immunostimulant complex (ISCOMATRIX) adjuvant, associated with a pool of recombinant major surface proteins (rMSP1a, rMSP1b, rMSP4 and rMSP5) to improve the humoral immune response triggered in calves mainly by IgG2. Ten calves were divided in three groups: 4 calves were inoculated with the ISCOMATRIX/rMSPs (G1); 2 calves were inoculated with ISCOMATRIX adjuvant (G2); and 4 calves received saline (G3). Three inoculations were administered at 21-day intervals. In G1, the calves showed significant increases in total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 levels 21 days after the second inoculation, compared to the control group (p < 0.05), and G1 calves remained above the cut-off value 28 days after the third inoculation (p < 0.05). The post-immunized sera from calves in G1 reacted specifically for each of the rMSPs used. In conclusion, the ISCOMATRIX/rMSPs induced antigen-specific seroconversion in calves. Therefore, additional testing to explore the protection induced by rMSPs, both alone and in conjunction with proteins previously identified as subdominant epitopes, is warranted.

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