scholarly journals Determination of Selected Moisture -Dependent Physical and Frictional Properties of Shelled Egusi Melon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adesola A Satimehin ◽  
Terseer M Akaayar
Keyword(s):  
Internal Friction ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Test Material ◽  
True Density ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Frictional Properties ◽  
Melon Seeds

Physical and frictional properties were determined for shelled (i.e. hulled) seeds of egusi melon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb) at moisture content levels of 11.04, 15.7, 21.03 and 24.78 % dry basis. The physical properties investigated were true density, bulk density and the angle of repose; while the frictional properties were the coefficient of static friction and the coefficient of internal friction.  Densities were determined using the volume displacement method, while the bulk porosity was calculated as a function of the true and bulk densities. The angle of repose was measured using the cylinder method. The coefficient of static friction of melon seeds on the surfaces of plywood, galvanized iron and glass was determined by sliding a cell filled with the seeds on a tilting table overlaid with the test material surfaces. The coefficient and internal angle of friction were determined by means of a shear test apparatus. Within the range of moisture investigated, the true density of shelled melon seeds decreased from 1,264 to 1,239 kg/m3 while its bulk density increased from 668 to 681 kg/m3. The porosity decreased from 47.19 to 45.36 % while the angle of repose increased from 31.0 to 34.9°. The coefficient of friction of shelled melon seeds on the surfaces of glass, galvanised iron and plywood  increased from 0.329 to 0.475, 0.364 to 0.476 and 0.408 to 0.559 respectively. The coefficient and angle of internal friction increased from 0.638 to 0.668 and 32.52 to 33.74°, respectively. These findings are valuable data for efficient design of machines for processing, handling and storage of hulled seeds of egusi melon.

scholarly journals Some Bio-Technical Properties of Flax Seeds, Fennel Seeds and Harmal Seed Capsules

2020 ◽  
pp. 222-232
Author(s):  
Gungor YILMAZ ◽  
Ebubekir ALTUNTAS
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
True Density ◽  
Displacement Method ◽  
Rubber Friction ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Technical Properties ◽  
Flax Seeds ◽  
Liquid Displacement

Some bio-technical properties of flax seeds, fennel seeds, and harmal seed capsules were determined. The size dimensions (length, width, and thickness) of flax seeds and fennel seeds were as 4.31 mm, 2.28 mm, 0.87 mm; 6.93 mm, 2.13 mm, 1.75 mm, respectively. The diameter and length for harmal seed capsules were 9.07 mm and 6.65 mm, respectively. The true density (ρt) was determined using the liquid displacement method, and the bulk density (ρb) was determined using the hectolitre tester. The bulk density for flax seeds, fennel seeds, and harmal seed capsules were determined as 384.3 kg m-3, 270.5 kg m-3 and 201.5 kg m-3, while, true density was found as 1256.5 kg m-3, 664.6 kg m-3, 936.2 kg m-3 for flax seeds, fennel seeds, and harmal seed capsules, respectively. The sphericity of for flax seeds, fennel seeds and harmal seed capsules were obtained as 0.47, 0.43, 0.72, respectively. The angle of repose was obtained as 13.84º, 17.35º, 29.94º for flax seeds, fennel seeds, and harmal seed capsules, respectively. The rubber friction surface has given the highest static friction coefficient for flax seeds, fennel seeds, and harmal seed capsules.

scholarly journals Comparative Studies on Dimensional, Gravimetric and Frictional Properties of Chhattisgarh Popular Paddy Varieties for Suitability of Flaked Rice (Paha)

2020 ◽  
pp. 145-151
Author(s):  
Rahul Dahare ◽  
Tankesh Kumar Nishad ◽  
Bhupendra Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
True Density ◽  
Frictional Properties ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Different Characteristics

The present study on different characteristics of some selected varieties of paddy was undertaken to study dimensional, gravimetric and frictional properties of paddy. The physical properties such as average length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter, aspect ratio, sphericity, volume, surface area, L/B ratio, true density, bulk density, porosity, angle of repose and coefficient of friction on different surfaces of paddy varieties were measured to have an initial information of the input. All varieties have different dimensional properties, for the length of Rajeshwari, Durgeshwari and Mahamaya paddy variety 9.21 to 9.34 mm, for width 2.41 to 2.79 mm and for thickness 1.83 to 2.45 mm respectively. The geometric mean diameter and aspect ratio for Rajeshwari, Durgeshwari and Mahamaya paddy variety was observed 3.43 to 4.08 mm and 25.21 to 30.13% respectively. True density and bulk density of Rajeshwari, Durgeshwari and Mahamaya paddy variety were observed 1056.86 to 1350.43 kg/m3 and 580.18 to 695.77 kg/m3 respectively. The angle of repose of Rajeshwari, Durgeshwari and Mahamaya paddy variety was observed 42.23° to 48.51°.

scholarly journals Engineering Properties of Peeled and Unpeeled Multiplier Onion

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-238
Author(s):  
Dawn C.P. Ambrose
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
True Density ◽  
Crushing Strength ◽  
Frictional Properties ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Multiplier Onion

Multiplier onion (Allium cepa L. var aggregatum. Don.) is mainly used for its unique flavour in seasoning dishes. The unpeeled onions are processed at farm level by means of primary processing and by secondary processing various products like paste, flakes, powder could be produced from peeled onions. For the design of processing and handling equipment knowledge of engineering properties is essential. The engineering properties of peeled and unpeeled multiplier onion were determined. The average values of the physical properties of unpeeled onion were recorded for bulk density and true density as 636.621 and 1526.825 kg/m3 respectively. Similarly for peeled onions, the bulk and true density were 627.03 and 1108.74 kg/m3 respectively. The moisture present in peeled and unpeeled onion was 77.66 % and 74.43% (w.b) respectively. The TSS of multiplier onion was found to be 20° Brix for both peeled and unpeeled samples. The colour values were also measured using colour flex meter for the peeled and unpeeled onions. The frictional properties including coefficient of friction, filling and emptying angle of repose were also measured. Mechanical properties were determined by using a texture analyser. The firmness was measured in terms of penetrating force and crushing strength which were recorded to be 8.59 N and 124.93 N respectively for peeled and 12.00 N and 138.35 N respectively for unpeeled onions.

scholarly journals Effect of Moisture Content on Selected Physical and Mechanical Properties of Two Varieties of Tigernut (Cyperus spp)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
A. S. Oyerinde ◽  
A. P. Olalusi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Tuber Weight ◽  
Porosity Coefficient ◽  
Effect Of Moisture

<p>The effect of moisture content on some physical and mechanical properties of two varieties of tigernuts (<em>Cyperus esculentus</em>) was investigated. These properties include: geometric dimensions, linear dimensions, 1000 tuber weight, bulk density, tuber size, sphericity, angle of repose, porosity, coefficient of static friction and compressive strength. The moisture content levels used were 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40% wet basis (wb), and the two tigernut varieties used were yellow and brown types. The linear dimension, geometric diameter, sphericity, 1000- tuber weight, bulk density and angle of repose in both varieties increased with increasing moisture content. The average length, width and thickness of the yellow variety increases more than the brown variety at the determined moisture contents. True density of the yellow variety increased while the brown variety decreased with increase in moisture content. The porosity of the yellow variety reduces with increase in moisture content from 45.95 at 20% mc to 42.4 at 40% mc, while the brown variety decreased from 42.72 at 20% mc to 30.77 at 40% moisture content. The yellow variety had bigger size tubers than the brown variety and this has serious implications in packing, handling and transportation issues.</p>

scholarly journals Physical Attributes and Modelling of Trans- Himalayan Seabuckthorn Berries

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
SWAPNIL G. JAISWAL ◽  
BHUSHAN R. DOLE ◽  
SANGRAM K. SATPATHY ◽  
S.N. NAIK
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Polynomial Model ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
True Density ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
In Trans

Seabuckthorn is a highly perishable fruit found in trans-Himalayan region and North-Eastern part of India. It has enormous nutritional and medicinal properties. Physical attributes of fruits play an important role in the design of machines to meet various harvest and post harvest operations. In the present study properties like dimensions, true density, bulk density, sphericity, porosity and angle of repose were measured and correlated with the mass of the fruit. In addition linear, polynomial, quadratic, logarithmic and exponential models were used for mass and surface area. The length, diameter, thousand berry weight, geometric mean diameter, arithmetic mean diameter, surface area, aspect ratio, angle of repose, sphericity, porosity, true density, bulk density, moisture content were found in the range of 6.5-7.5, 4.74-6.28, 362.67-910.14, 5.49-6.99, 6.17-6.24, 76.87-154.76, 72.81-83.73, 3.59-6.82, 65.84-90.47, 17.05-60.07, 647.19-1399.24, 453.81-725.88, 84.53-87.34 respectively. Polynomial model was suited to be best for mass with length and diameter. Polynomial model between surface area and geometric mean diameter gave highest R2 of 0.981.

scholarly journals Some Physical Properties of Palmyrah Palm (Borassus flabellifer L.) Fruits

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
P. C. Vengaiah ◽  
S. Kaleemullah ◽  
M. Madhava ◽  
A. Mani ◽  
B. Sreekanth
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
The Individual

Some physical properties of palmyrah fruit were investigated in this study. The average values of major, medium, minor and geometric mean diameters of fresh whole palmyrah fruit were 11.54,10.45, 9.85 and 10.64 cm respectively at 47.34 % (w.b) moisture content whereas that of palmyrah nut were 8.59, 7.35, 4.99 and 6.79 cm respectively at 8% (w.b) moisture content. Sphericity, surface area and aspect ratio were found to be 91.94%, 359.17 cm2 and 0.90 for fruit and whereas that of nut were 79.19%, 145.16 cm2 and 0.86 respectively. The average mass of the individual palmyrah fruit and nut was 927.78 and 248.10 g whereas bulk density was 525.92 and 693.0 kg/m3 respectively. The coefficient of static friction on mild steel, glass and plywood surfaces were 0.27, 0.21 and 0.25 for palmyrah fruit and 0.36, 0.28 and 0.27 for nut respectively. The angle of repose of palmyrah fruit and nut were 30.77 and 44.03 respectively.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WEIGHT AND PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COFFEE GRAINS PRODUCED FROM DIFFERENT HARVEST RIPENING

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Yuwana Yuwana ◽  
Evanila Silvia ◽  
Bosman Sidebang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Linear Analysis ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
True Density ◽  
Experiment Research ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Very High

This research aimed to determine relationships between weight and several physic-mechanical properties of coffee grains. Grains having 12.2% (wet basis) moisture content in average, originated from cherries of different ripening levels identified by green, yellow, red and deep red in colors were used for experiment. Research used regresi linear analysis. Results of experiment indicated that weight of grains positively correlated to length, width, thickness and frontal area with very high values of determination coefficient. Weight of grains correlated positively to sphericity and negatively to porosity. Weight of grains originated from green and red cherries had positive correlation with density whereas weight of grains originated from yellow and deep red cherries possessed no correlation with density. Weight of grains from yellow, red and deep red cherries had negative correlation with true density in contrast weight of grains from green cherries had positive correlation with true density. There were no reliable trend concerning the relationships between weight of grains and coefficient of static friction and angle of repose.

Effect of moisture content on physical properties of cashew nut of different varieties

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrikant Baslingappa Swami ◽  
N.J. Thakor A.M. Gawai
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
True Density ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Effect Of Moisture

<p>The physical properties, viz., geometric diameter, surface area, sphericity, volume, bulk density, true density and angle of repose was measured for  four  cashew varieties <em>viz</em>., <em>Vengurle 1, Vengurle 3, Vengurle 4</em>  and <em>Vengurle 7</em> at different moisture content (15 to 87% db). For <em>Vengurle</em> 1 as the moisture content increased, the physical properties i.e., geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 20.8 to 22.1 mm, 3485 to 4416 mm<sup>3</sup>, 1355 to 1540 mm<sup>2</sup>, 984 to 1030 kg m<sup>-3</sup> and 32 to 37˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 74.2 to 71.4 per cent and 490 to 418 kg m<sup>-3</sup> respectively. For <em>Vengurle 3</em> geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 27.2 to 28.6 mm, 7912 to 9169 mm<sup>3</sup>, 2320 to 2567 mm<sup>2</sup>, 1020 to 1048 kg m<sup>-3</sup> and 33 to 35.5˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 75.5 to 75.2 per cent and 531 to 470 kg m<sup>-3</sup> respectively. For <em>Vengurle 4</em> the geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 21.0 to 24.1mm, 3362 to 5113 mm<sup>3</sup>, 1391 to 1828 mm<sup>2</sup>, 970 to 1030 kg m<sup>-3</sup> and 32.5 to 38˚,  respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 65.8 to 66.8 per cent, 517 to 462 kg m<sup>-3</sup>, respectively. For <em>Vengurle 7</em> the geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 24.2 to 24.9 mm, 5102 to 5547 mm<sup>3</sup>, 1840 to 1941 mm<sup>2</sup>, 998 to 1045 kg m<sup>-3</sup> and 33 to 38˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 65.4 to 65.8 per cent, 518 to 438 kg m<sup>-3</sup>, respectively.</p>

Physical properties of coriander seeds at different moisture content

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Balasubramanian ◽  
K.K. Singh ◽  
R. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Unit Volume ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Rupture Force ◽  
True Density ◽  
Seed Moisture

Abstract Physical properties of coriander seeds were determined at moisture content of 3.5-17.7%, d.b. The major axis and 1 000 seeds mass were found to decrease nonlinearly with increase in seed moisture. The medium and minor axes, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, unit volume, surface area and angle of repose increased linearly. Bulk density decreased linearly, however the true density increased non-linearly. The coefficient of static friction increased nonlinearly for different surfaces with increase in moisture level and its maximum was found for plywood surface. The rupture force and energy absorbed decreased linearly with increasing moisture content.

scholarly journals Investigation of effect of maize varieties on selected physical properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Idowu D. O ◽  
◽  
Onifade T. B. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
True Density ◽  
Processing Equipment ◽  
Maize Varieties

The engineering properties of some selected variety of maize (SM39, SM40 and Oba Super 6) which is needed in the design and development of a functional handling and processing equipment for the crop was studied. The seeds were bought from the Agricultural settlements in Ogbomoso South-Western Nigeria. The selected properties are size, shape, weight, true density, and bulk density, angle of repose, coefficient of friction, and moisture content. The results of the experiments showed that the mean length was between 8.7 and 9.78 mm; width, 7.69 and 8.26 mm; thickness, 4.11 and 4.60 mm; geometric mean diameter, 7.17 and 7.78 mm; equivalent diameter, 6.62 and 6.62 mm; unit weight, 0.22 and 0.24 g; true density, 954.25 and 1245 kg/m3; bulk density, 734.45 and 752.23 kg/m3, and angle of repose of the three varieties are between 29.20 and 36.60. While the average values of static coefficient of friction measured was between 0.39 and 0.49. The results from this experiment showed that the effect of varieties is significant on the engineering properties of maize. The results obtained from these studies will be useful for the design and manufacturing of operating system for handling and processing of different varieties of maize. Keywords: Engineering properties, design, processing equipment, manufacturing, varities.

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