scholarly journals The Founding Fathers, the American fiscal federalism and the failures of the Brazilian tax system

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Penha
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Federalism ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Founding Fathers ◽  
Flexible System ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Fiscal System

Abstract: This paper analyzes two ideas that inspired the Founding Fathers to design the American tax system: (i)the need to provide each member of the federation with sufficient financial resources which enable them to perform their functions without depending on each other; and (ii)the advantage of adopting a flexible system of taxation. We aim to provide a comparative approach which demonstrates that these ideas explain, in part, some of the failures of the Brazilian tax system, considering that, in Brazil, the fiscal system suffers from an imbalance between tax revenues and duties assigned to the states and municipalities; and that the Brazil’s system’s rigidity exacerbates the financial dependence of states and municipalities.

scholarly journals The Tax Revenue in Iraq Between the Efficiency of Tax Administration and the Elements of the Success of the Tax System

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-73
Author(s):  
.Mohamed Helou Daoud Al-Khorsan ◽  
Hana Ali Hussein Al-Quraishi ◽  
Ziad Taher Mohamed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Tax Administration ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
Modest Contribution ◽  
The Impact

There is growing interest by governments in different systems of government in which political ideas which it believes, taxes as instruments of fiscal policy, seeking to achieve through which political, social and economic goals as well as "financial targets, as the tax policy formulated objectives and plans its revenues consistently and harmony with the objectives of economic policy in general, In the context of the tax reform, different countries have resorted to the search for possible alternatives to maintain a financially, economically and socially effective fiscal policy. Iraq should not be different from these countries. It establishes a fiscal policy to achieve tax revenues by activating the role of the tax system to strengthen the budget in the light of economic changes and financial crises in recent years, The main reason for the need to activate the tax system in Iraq is the very modest contribution of tax revenues within the state budget, To address the reasons for the low contribution of tax revenues it is necessary to identify the elements of the success of the tax system and discuss the tax revenue in two aspects The level of general headquarters and branches on the one hand, and knowledge the facilities or obstacles which is provided by the tax system   to increase the proceeds of the receipt of the other, and finally reach the reform of the tax system, which we find an important requirement for the reform of the Iraqi financial and economic system in this time, In this context, the study deals with the tax revenues in Iraq as planned by the tax administration in accordance with the statistics of the tax administration and then identify the impact of the tax system in making the proceeds low for public revenues.

scholarly journals Modernization of tax structure in Kosovo

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Remzi Smajli
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Tax Administration ◽  
Tax Structure ◽  
System Transformation ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Power Efficient ◽  
Fiscal System ◽  
Economic Balance ◽  
The Right

An advantage in stabile economic balance in different countries is undoubtedly the form of fiscal system. Transformation towards modernization of the tax administration can undoubtedly bring favor the development of the economy with special emphasis on small business and middle. Fundamental changes that must occur in the tax structure redistribution of the tax burden and broaden the tax base. However leaders in this area requires special attention because this hypothesis is quite challenging because of the possible consequences. The main directions should have the right tax policy orientation; change in structure between direct and indirect taxes and tax structure right from the central or local level decentralization of tax power. Efficient functioning of the tax administration services and providing suitable conditions for fulfillment by taxpayers is the challenge of the tax system in Kosovo. One of the prerequisites of the efficiency of the tax system, in addition to organizational activities is the provision of modern information system, on which the tax administration of Kosovo should be on the cutting edge. This will simultaneously be the topic of discussion in my next paper for the Conference

The Built-In Flexibility of Income and Consumption Taxes in OECD Countries

2017 ◽  
pp. 162-170
Author(s):  
Binhan Elif Yılmaz ◽  
Sinan Ataer
Keyword(s):  
Income Elasticity ◽  
National Income ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Cyclical Fluctuations ◽  
Relative Change ◽  
Consumption Taxes ◽  
Automatic Stabilizers

Compatible with a variety of cyclical fluctuations in fiscal policy, is the automatic stabilising fiscal policies. There is a need to calculate the income elasticity of tax for relieving the effects of cyclical fluctuations. Income elasticity of tax, that is tax revenue have relative change, the ratio of the relative change in national income. This ratio must be bigger than 1 to label a tax system as elastic. If this ratio is bigger than 1, this situation also show the tax system has an automatic stabilizing feature. By that way, without any changes in tax structure, tax revenues increase in the deflation times and decrease in the inflation times. The automatically compensatory movement of tax revenues, generally referred to as “built-in flexibility”, has received increasing attention. The aim of this study is examining the existence of automatic stabilizers in the OECD countries by evaluating the income elasticity of income and consumption taxes and by making cross-countries comparatives.

scholarly journals Bundesstaatsreform und Zukunft der Finanzverfassung

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Kitterer
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Fiscal Federalism ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Borrowing Constraints ◽  
Stabilization Policy ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Tax Autonomy ◽  
State Tax ◽  
Fiscal System ◽  
Tax Sharing

AbstractThe reform of fiscal federalism in Germany enacted in 2006 has focussed on separating the joint legislation process between the federal government and the States (Laender). The German commission on the reform of federalism is now disputing about further reforms in order to establish a more competitive fiscal system. In this paper we discuss some institutional arrangements minimizing tax sharing between different layers of government and strengthening tax autonomy of the sub-central governments. Furthermore, a reform of the inter-state tax equalization system is proposed which provides more transparency and more incentives to the States to raise their own economic performance and tax base. Finally, as the constitutional borrowing constraints provide no credible enforcement mechanism and as decentralized fiscal policy cannot be effective the States should be bound to balanced budgets and rainy day funds. Only central government should be responsible for stabilization policy.

Reform During Crisis: The Transformation of California's Fiscal System During the Great Depression

1996 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Hartley ◽  
Steven M. Sheffrin ◽  
J. David Vasche
Keyword(s):  
Great Depression ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
Tax System ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Fiscal System ◽  
Revenue Elasticity ◽  
Desire To Change

In the midst of the Great Depression, California engaged in a massive restructuring of its tax system, reducing reliance on the property tax and introducing sales and income taxes. Our analysis suggests that this restructuring, which included a voter referendum, was primarily driven by a desire to change the mix rather than the level of taxation. Nonetheless, by introducing new taxes that had a higher revenue elasticity than the existing taxes, California created a revenue system that allowed the rapid growth of spending to continue.

ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF TAXATION BY INCOME TAXES (OUTLINE OF THE PROBLEM)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-49
Author(s):  
Tomasz Wołowiec
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Economic Growth Rate ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate

Public discussions concerning tax system reforms are dominated by the view that lowering taxes is the only panacea for stimulating economic growth. But is this really so? To be able to answer this question we need to examine how the level of fiscal burden and structure of budget tax revenues are correlated with GDP growth rate (27 EU countries, data 2000-2018). A relationship that is particularly examined is the correlation between the level of fiscal burden in personal income tax and economic growth rate. Considerably less attention is paid in various analyses to the influence of the structure of budget tax revenues on economic growth.

Centre-State Financial Relations: The Federal Aspects of Indian Taxation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Umesh M.
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Federalism ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Fiscal Autonomy ◽  
Flow Of Funds ◽  
State Relations

Though the Constitution creates a dual polity based on division of governmental powers, this division is not watertight. Recognising the fact that the financial resources of the States may prove inadequate for undertaking development activities, the framers of India's Constitution have made elaborate arrangements relating to flow of funds from the Centre to the States. One of the most important ways of effecting this transfer is through the Finance Commission. This paper focuses on the recommendations of the Fourteenth Finance Commission (FFC) which are likely to have major implications for Center-State relations, for budgeting by, and the fiscal situation of, the Centre and the States. The FFC has made far-reaching changes in tax devolution that will move the country toward greater fiscal federalism, conferring more fiscal autonomy on the states.

Wine Taxes, Production, Aging and Quality

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael E. Goodhue ◽  
Jeffrey T. LaFrance ◽  
Leo K. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Sales Tax ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Tax Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ad Valorem

AbstractWe consider the impact of taxes on the quantity and quality produced by a competitive firm of goods, such as wine, for which market value accrues with age. Our analysis found the following: an increase in the volumetric retail tax collected at sale increases quality, so that the basic Alchian-Allen effect holds. However, an increase in the volumetric storage tax collected each period decreases quality, as does an increase in the ad valorem storage tax. The effect of an increase in the ad valorem retail tax on quality is indeterminate. Increases in any of the four taxes reduce the quantity of wine produced. Any two-tax system that includes a volumetric sales tax spans the full range of feasible tax revenues with positive tax rates. For any tax system that reduces quality relative to the firm's no-tax equilibrium, there is another tax system that increases tax revenues, eliminates the quality distortion, and does not increase the quantity distortion. Many wine industry observers believe that most, if not all, existing tax systems tend to result in the suboptimal provision of quality. Our results suggest that the wide variety of wine tax systems is not prima facie evidence that these systems, or most of them, are inefficient. Provided the system includes a volumetric sales tax it may be efficient, regardless of which of the other instruments, or how many of them, are used. Assertions regarding inefficiency must be evaluated on an empirical case-by-case basis. Our analysis provides a theoretical framework for such research. (JEL Classification: D2, H2, Q1)

scholarly journals Reappraising the Tax Gap

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Richard Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Tax Laws ◽  
Tax Gap ◽  
Economic Thinking ◽  
Tax Bases

The tax gap has been described as the amount of tax jurisdictions do not collect, caused by the tax system not being appropriately complied with—in the manner intended by the tax authority—given the current tax laws in operation. That description does, however, ignore the fact that substantial parts of their potential tax revenues are not collected by all governments as a result of their decisions not to tax some tax bases, or because of granted tax allowances, reliefs and exemptions, many of which in turn provide opportunities for tax abuse. This chapter considers the implications of reframing the tax gap to include these tax losses that arise as a result of government policy and suggests the changes in perception, including in macro-economic as well as micro-economic thinking, that might result if this were done. For this, the use of tax spillover analysis is recommended.

scholarly journals TAX SYSTEM IN THE FUNCTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1575-1579
Author(s):  
Biljana Radovanović ◽  
Gordana Stojmenović
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
European Union ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Fiscal Conditions ◽  
The Republic

In the upcoming period, the Republic of Serbia should provide financial resources in the amount of about EUR 10 billion for the field of environmental protection in order to harmonize standards with EU standards in the same area and in that way bring it closer to joining the European peoples' community. Analyzing existing sources and levels of environmental financing, there are major problems that the Republic of Serbia has to overcome in order to join the European Union. It is necessary to adopt strategies in the field of climate change, air pollution and waters of the Republic of Serbia, and that the Ministry of Environmental Protection should be given greater authority. One of the most common and most sophisticated sources of financing environmental protection is found in fiscal conditions, primarily in ecological taxes, fees and taxes collected within the tax system of the Republic of Serbia.

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