scholarly journals REGULATIONS IN THE SOCIAL WELFARE STATE: NORDIC COUNTRIES AND TURKEY EXAMPLE

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagihan Ozkanca Andic ◽  
Ekrem Karayilmazlar
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Welfare State

The Public Expenditure/GDP ratio is one of the most significant metrics that measure the state's share of the economy. It can be said that there is an interventionist state type in countries where this rate is high, or it can be argued that the share of the public sector in the economy is low in countries where this rate is low. It is also possible to argue that the countries' economic, sociological, and political factors play an essential role in determining this ratio. Regulations, which are the most important tools of the welfare state, may arise through economic controls as well as through social policies. This study aims to find an answer to the question of whether this situation is possible for a developing country such as Turkey while Nordic countries, which determine a system different from other welfare models, succeed in raising social welfare without giving up the principles such as equality and justice that they have despite the globalization effect. The data obtained by various methods were subjected to comparison using the Data Envelopment Analysis method in order to achieve this purpose. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0777/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Public Nightmares and Communitarian Dreams: The Crisis of the Social in Social Welfare

1997 ◽  
Vol 44 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 66-91
Author(s):  
John Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Public Realm ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Crisis Of Representation ◽  
Break Up ◽  
The Welfare State

This chapter examines the break-up of the welfare state as a process that involved a crisis of representation. In particular, social democratic images of the public and their embodiment in the organizational regimes of welfare bureau-professionalism were dislocated by the New Right's attack on the welfare state. The chapter argues that the attempt to reinvent the public's relationship to social welfare through the couplet of managerialism and consumerism created an impoverished conception of the public realm. Communitarianism has been presented as a response to this impoverishment. However, both lessons from history and the contemporary inflections of community suggest that communitarianism needs to be seen as an attempt to resolve the ‘crisis of the social’ in social welfare in regressive directions.

The Beveridge Report and the Implementation of the Welfare State

2018 ◽  
pp. 260-285
Author(s):  
George R. Boyer
Keyword(s):  
National Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Universal Coverage ◽  
Social Welfare Policy ◽  
Economic Insecurity ◽  
The Public ◽  
Welfare Reforms ◽  
The Welfare State

This chapter explores the story of the 1942 Beveridge Report and the beginnings of the welfare state. The policies proposed by Beveridge and the 1945–48 legislation were logical extensions of government's expanding role in social welfare policy beginning with the Liberal Welfare Reforms. This does not mean that the importance of the postwar legislation should be downplayed. Because of the adoption of the National Health Service, universal coverage, and equality of treatment, Britain after 1948 deserves to be called a welfare state, while Edwardian and interwar Britain do not. Unfortunately, despite the enthusiasm with which the public greeted the welfare state, the postwar policies did not eliminate economic insecurity.

scholarly journals Caring Economics and the Nordic Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Silvia Hedenigg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Social State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
The Welfare State

Faced with the current spectrum of global crises, Riane Eisler's suggestions for socio-economic and ecological solutions are embedded in the theoretical concept of caring economics (Eisler, 2017). The concept of caring economics was developed alongside feminist positions, mainly from a United States angle, based on the welfare state systems of the Nordic countries. The study presented in this article focused on the underlying understanding of caring economics from a Nordic perspective. Based on an explanation of the Nordic Model, this article outlines the theoretical presentation of caring economics, which was scrutinized in the framework of a qualitative pilot study. Data was collected from interviews with 20 scientists from Norway, Sweden, and Finland. Three central statements of the interviews are presented and discussed with respect to Eisler's theoretical assumptions. Although Eisler's theses have been largely confirmed, the emphasis of the interviewees on the importance of cooperation is in slight contrast to the "caring" elements of empathy and compassion. The study indicates that further research should focus on investigating the importance of cooperation, especially in the context of trust, as a specifically Nordic element of the social state idea.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Social Equality ◽  
Victorian Era ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Innovations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Welfare State

The introduction to this book considers the ways in which the history of modern social welfare in Britain has been written and explained. These approaches include biographical and prosopographical studies of key individuals and groups responsible for founding the welfare state and administering it; the study of crucial social policies and institutions; appreciation of the key intellectual concepts which underpin the idea of welfare in Britain, including philosophical idealism, citizenship, planning, and social equality; the role of political contestation in the initiation and also in the obstruction of policy and its implementation; and the relation of specific places to the development of welfare in theory and in practice, whether east London in the late Victorian era or west London in the 1960s, both of which districts and the social innovations deriving from them are examined in chapters in this volume.

The Strategy of Equality Revisited

1995 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Powell
Keyword(s):  
National Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Services ◽  
National Health ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Welfare State

ABSTRACTIn 1982 Julian Le Grand in his text,The Strategy of Equalitydelivered the message that ‘almost all public expenditure on the social services in Britain benefits the better off to a greater extent than the poor’. This has been developed into the conventional wisdom, that the welfare state has failed to achieve equality. However, this pessimistic verdict may be challenged on a number of grounds. First, it is debatable to what extent the welfare state was intended to achieve the types of equality defined by Le Grand. Second, it is possible to arrive at a less pessimistic conclusion both by re-examining Le Grand's original evidence and by examining subsequent evidence on the extent of equality achieved by the welfare state. This article examines the pessimistic thesis on both conceptual and empirical grounds, with a specific focus on the National Health Service. It is concluded that reports of the failure of the welfare state may be premature.

scholarly journals PRECARITY AND AGING: THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF RISK IN LATER LIFE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S588-S588
Author(s):  
Christopher Phillipson
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
The Public ◽  
State Legitimacy ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Welfare State

Abstract This paper examines the growth of precarious lives in the context of policies which have marginalised the welfare state and priorities of social inclusion/security. Blackburn observes that ageing societies ‘requires new welfare principles not their repudiation’. However, the reality has been the erosion of the social solidarity which gave the welfare state legitimacy. In Europe, one set of welfare and related institutions is being abandoned, replaced by precarious arrangements -- extended working lives, privatization of pensions, and greater demand for women especially) for unpaid work. This paper 1) draws upon perspectives from political economy and sociology to examine precarity, 2) considers ‘precarious ageing’ as a competing or complementary view to theories of ‘active’ and ‘successful ageing’ third, examines specific dimensions of precarity (work, resources, the environment, frailty), assessing prospects for an index of precarity and aging; finally, considers the public policy implications of the growth of old-age precarity .

scholarly journals O ESTADO DE BEM-ESTAR SOCIAL NO BRASIL

Percurso ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (28) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Carina PESCAROLO ◽  
Soraia Paulino MARCHI
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The State ◽  
Liberal State ◽  
Social State ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Welfare State

RESUMO O presente artigo tem por finalidade analisar com base na pesquisa bibliográfica se é aplicável o Estado de bem-estar social no Brasil e se pode ser efetivo. Discorre sobre como se originaram o Estado liberal (burguês) e o Estado social ou de providência (intervencionista), posicionando-os na história, tanto das revoluções quanto das crises que os embasaram, traçando seus conceitos, características, aplicação e crises. Buscar demonstrar o contexto histórico, com base nas Constituições brasileiras, desde a imperial de 1824 até a democrática de 1988, a origem do Estado de bem-estar social no Brasil, até que ponto tem respaldo para ser aplicado, se pode ser efetivo ou não. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Estado liberal; Estado do bem-estar social; Estado social; Estado de providência; Brasil. ABSTRACTThe purpose of this article is to analyze, based on bibliographical research, whether the State of social welfare in Brazil is applicable and can be effective. It discusses how the liberal (bourgeois) state and the social or providential state (interventionist) originated, placing them in the history of both the revolutions and the crises that underpinned them, tracing their concepts, characteristics, application and crises. Seeking to demonstrate the historical context, based on the Brazilian Constitutions, from the imperial of 1824 to the democratic of 1988, the origin of the welfare state in Brazil, to what extent has support to be applied, whether it can be effective or not . KEYWORDS: Liberal state; State of social welfare; Social state; State of providence; Brazil.

MILESTONE OR MILLSTONE? THE 1959–1961 PLOWDEN COMMITTEE AND ITS IMPACT ON BRITISH WELFARE POLICY

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
RODNEY LOWE
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Welfare Policy ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Public Support ◽  
British Government ◽  
The Public ◽  
Lost Opportunity ◽  
The Welfare State

The Plowden committee on the control of public expenditure has been described as a milestone in the modernization of postwar British government. Certainly it effected major changes in both the Treasury's structure and personnel and, by securing the establishment of the public expenditure survey committee, gave subsequent governments the opportunity to plan public expenditure rationally in relation to prospective resources. Ultimately, however, the committee was a failure. The civil service was re-examined by the Fulton committee within five years and public expenditure soon escalated out of control. The Plowden committee thus represented a major lost opportunity. The time had been ripe for a fundamental political and administrative adjustment to the needs of the extended postwar state; but the committee failed to build the necessary political, parliamentary or public support for its recommendations. The reason for failure was its restricted nature as an internal enquiry with largely ineffectual ‘outside’ members, which enabled vested Treasury interests increasingly to dictate its deliberations. A more open enquiry would have stimulated and brought the best out of the ‘modernizers’ within the Treasury. The committee, therefore, proved to be not an administrative milestone but a prime example of how British institutions, under the guise of reform, have traditionally deflected criticism, truncated discussion and thereby stifled the fundamental reforms required to halt Britain's decline. In relation to welfare policy, the committee failed to examine the relative efficiency of collective provision in given policy areas, opposed contracyclical demand management and covertly sought to cap welfare expenditure. In short, it accepted the electoral necessity but not the legitimacy of the welfare state.

Welfare Retrenchment

2021 ◽  
pp. 766-784
Author(s):  
Jonah D. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
Welfare Policies ◽  
The Public ◽  
New Politics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spending Cuts ◽  
The Welfare State

This chapter examines the debate over the retrenchment of the welfare state. It discusses Paul Pierson’s groundbreaking ‘new politics of the welfare state’ thesis, which argues that the politics of welfare retrenchment operates according to fundamentally different rules from the politics of welfare expansion. In particular, the presence of groups with a shared interest in preserving existing social policies means that the defence of the welfare state is not left just to labour and parties of the left. In addition, both recipients and providers of welfare policies stand ready to mobilize against programme cuts, making retrenchment exceedingly difficult. To the extent that retrenchment takes place, Pierson contends that it occurs primarily via techniques of obfuscation that hide the government’s responsibility for its actions. The chapter also analyses claims that retrenchment is more extensive than Pierson acknowledges if a different metric is used, such as social spending relative to need, or if recent cutbacks are taken into account, such as those that occurred in Greece in response to the sovereign debt crisis. Finally, the chapter traces an alternative trajectory of welfare reform. As against the unsavoury and conspiratorial methods emphasized by Pierson, governments may enact spending cuts by taking their case to the public, hitching retrenchment to higher objectives, negotiating with the social partners or political opposition, and addressing concerns about fairness. The two channels of reform are not mutually exclusive; rather, they point to different ways to cut, adapt, and modernize the welfare state.

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