scholarly journals Evolución temporal de humedales de la región ayacucho, mediante imágenes modis periodo 2002-2013

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 5971-5981
Author(s):  
Jorge Luis Lozano Rodriguez ◽  
Juan Carlos Chang Chang Fun ◽  
Oscar Enrique Tang Cruz ◽  
Eusebio Idelmo Cisneros Tarmeño ◽  
Hernán Oscar Cortez Gutierrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Images ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Moisture Evaporation ◽  
Scientific Rigor ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
Images Processing ◽  
Terra Satellite

La presente investigación responde a la necesidad de caracterizar la evolución temporal de los humedales mediante imágenes satelitales, su procesamiento, análisis, interpretación y discusión, pues los cambios climáticos hacen necesario tener en cuenta que son ecosistemas importantes de gran interés por las diferentes funciones que realizan. Las imágenes satelitales del satélite TERRA del sensor AQUA, fueron procesadas con el software ENVI y se determinó el parámetro del Índice de Vegetación de Diferencia Normalizada (NDVI), más el uso del Google Earth nos permitió a grandes rasgos discriminar entre zonas de vegetación, suelo desnudo, agua y la variación en el tiempo de los Humedales de la Región de Ayacucho. La teledetección nos ofrece grandes progresos en el conocimiento de la naturaleza, aunque es necesario un mayor rigor científico en la interpretación de los resultados y tener como objetivo eliminar los efectos ocasionados por la variabilidad en las condiciones de captación, distorsión provocada por la atmósfera, y la influencia de parámetros radiométricos geométricos tales como la radiancia, reflectancia, emisividad, posición del Sol, pendiente, y altitud. Por lo cual esperamos que contribuya al conocimiento de datos importantes quedando pendiente estimar otros parámetros como la humedad de suelos, evaporación, etc. a través de la cual se precisará y reorientar la tecnología propuesta.   images, processing, analysis, interpretation and discussion, as the climate changes make it necessary to consider that are important ecosystems of great interest in the different functions performed. Satellite images of the TERRA satellite AQUA sensor were processed with ENVI software and parameters Index Normalized Difference Vegetation (NDVI) was determined, plus the use of Google Earth allowed us to broadly discriminate between areas of vegetation, soil nude, water and variation in time of Wetlands in the region of Ayacucho. Remote sensing offers great progress in the knowledge of nature, although a greater scientific rigor in the interpretation of the results is necessary and aim to eliminate the effects caused by the variability in the conditions of recruitment, distortion caused by the atmosphere, and the influence of geometric radiometric parameters such as radiance, reflectance, emissivity, position of the Sun, slope, and altitude. So we hope to contribute to the knowledge of important data pending estimate other parameters such as soil moisture, evaporation, etc. through which shall specify and redirect the proposed technology.

scholarly journals New discoveries on astronomical orientation of Inca site in Ollantaytambo, Peru

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Karolína Hanzalová ◽  
Jaroslav Klokočník ◽  
Jan Kostelecký
Keyword(s):  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Observation Point ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Winter Solstice ◽  
Machu Picchu ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
The Temple

<p>This paper deals with astronomical orientation of Incas objects in Ollantaytambo, which is located about 35 km southeast from Machu Picchu, about 40 km northwest from Cusco, and lies in the Urubamba valley. Everybody writing about Ollantaytambo, shoud read Protzen. (1)  He devoted his monograph to description and interpretation of that locality. Book of Salazar and Salazar (2) deals, among others, with the orientation of objects in Ollantaytambo with respect to the cardinal direction. Zawaski and Malville (3) documented astronomical context of major monuments of nine sites in Peru, including Ollantaytambo. We tested astronomical orientation in these places and confirm or disprove hypothesis about purpose of Incas objects. For assessment orientation of objects we used our measurements and also satellite images on Google Earth and digital elevation model from ASTER. The satellite images were used to estimate the astronomical-solar-solstice orientation, together with terrestrial images from Salazar and Salazar (2). The digital elevation model is useful in the mountains, where we need the actual horizon for a calculation of sunset and sunrise on specific days (solstices), which were for Incas people very important. We tested which astronomical phenomenon is connected with objects in Ollantaytambo. First, we focused on Temple of the Sun, also known the Wall of six monoliths.  We tested winter solstice sunrise and the rides of the Pleiades for the epochs 2000, 1500 and 1000 A.D. According with our results the Temple isn´t connected neither with winter solstice sunrise nor with the Pleiades. Then we tested also winter solstice sunset. We tried to use the line from an observation point near ruins of the Temple of Sun, to west-north, in direction to sunset. The astronomical azimuth from this point was about 5° less then we need. From this results we found, that is possible to find another observation point. By Salazar and Salazar (2) we found observation point at the corner (east rectangle) of the pyramid by <em>Pacaritanpu,</em> down by the riverside. There is a line connecting the east rectangular “platform” at the river, going along the Inca road up to vicinity of the Temple of the Sun and then in the direction to the Inca face. Using a digital elevation model we found the astronomical azimuth, which is needed for confirm astronomical orientation of the Temple. So, finally we are able to demonstrate a possibility of the solar-solstice orientation in Ollantaytambo.</p>

scholarly journals New knowledge in determining the astronomical orientation of Incas object in Ollantaytambo, Peru

2014 ◽  
Vol XL-5 ◽  
pp. 273-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hanzalová ◽  
J. Klokočník ◽  
J. Kostelecký
Keyword(s):  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Observation Point ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Winter Solstice ◽  
Machu Picchu ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
The Temple

This paper deals about astronomical orientation of Incas objects in Ollantaytambo, which is located about 35 km southeast from Machu Picchu, about 40 km northwest from Cusco, and lies in the Urubamba valley. Everybody writing about Ollantaytambo, shoud read Protzen (1993). He devoted his monograph to description and interpretation of that locality. Book of Salazar and Salazar (2005) deals, among others, with the orientation of objects in Ollantaytambo with respect to the cardinal direction. Zawaski and Malville (2007) documented astronomical context of major monuments of nine sites in Peru, including Ollantaytambo. We tested astronomical orientation in these places and confirm or disprove hypothesis about purpose of Incas objects. For assessment orientation of objects we used our measurements and also satellite images on Google Earth and digital elevation model from ASTER. The satellite images used to approximate estimation of astronomical orientation. The digital elevation model is useful in the mountains, where we need the really horizon for a calculation of sunset and sunrise on specific days (solstices), which were for Incas people very important. By Incas is very famous that they worshiped the Sun. According to him they determined when to plant and when to harvest the crop. In this paper we focused on Temple of the Sun, also known the Wall of six monoliths. We tested which astronomical phenomenon is connected with this Temple. First, we tested winter solstice sunrise and the rides of the Pleiades for the epochs 2000, 1500 and 1000 A.D. According with our results the Temple isn't connected neither with winter solstice sunrise nor with the Pleiades. Then we tested also winter solstice sunset. We tried to use the line from an observation point near ruins of the Temple of Sun, to west-north, in direction to sunset. The astronomical azimuth from this point was about 5&deg; less then we need. From this results we found, that is possible to find another observation point. By Salazar and Salazar (2005) we found observation point at the corner (east rectangle) of the pyramid by <i>Pacaritanpu</i>, down by the riverside. There is a line connecting the east rectangular "platform" at the river, going along the Inca road up to vicinity of the Temple of the Sun and then in the direction to the Inca face. Using a digital elevation model we found the astronomical azimuth, which is needed for confirm astronomical orientation of the Temple. So, finally we are able to demonstrate a possibility of the solar-solstice orientation in Ollantaytambo.

The solar radiation evaluation by satellite images processing

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (08) ◽  
pp. 344-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Boulifa ◽  
A. Adane ◽  
A. Mefti ◽  
S. Ameur ◽  
Z. Ameur
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Images Processing

Regional-scale analysis of dune-beach systems using Google Earth Engine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Latella ◽  
Arjen Luijendijk ◽  
Carlo Camporeale
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Classification Algorithm ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Beach Width ◽  
Google Earth Engine

&lt;p&gt;Coastal sand dunes provide a large variety of ecosystem services, among which the inland protection from marine floods. Nowadays, this protection is fundamental, and its importance will further increase in the future due to the rise of the sea level and storm violence induced by climate change. Despite the crucial role of coastal dunes and their potential application in mitigation strategies, the phenomenon of the coastal squeeze, which is mainly caused by the urban sprawl, is progressively reducing the extents of the areas where dune can freely undergo their dynamics, thus dramatically impairing their capability of providing ecosystem services.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aiming to embed the use of satellite images in the study of coastal foredune and beach dynamics, we developed a classification algorithm that uses the satellite images and server-side functions of Google Earth Engine (GEE). The algorithm runs on the GEE Python API and allows the user to retrieve all the available images for the study site and the chosen time period from the selected sensor collection. The algorithm also filters the cloudy and saturated pixels and creates a percentile-composite image over which it applies a random forest classification algorithm. The classification is finally refined by defining a mask for land pixels only.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;According to the provided training data and sensor selection, the algorithm can give different outcomes, ranging from sand and vegetation maps, beach width measurements, and shoreline time evolution visualization. This very versatile tool that can be used in a great variety of applications within the monitoring and understanding of the dune-beach systems and associated coastal ecosystem services. For instance, we show how this algorithm, combined with machine learning techniques and the assimilation of real data, can support the calibration of a coastal model that gives the natural extent of the beach width and that can be, therefore, used to plan restoration activities.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Correction of Very High-Resolution Satellite Images using Control Points Captured by Web Map Service (WMS) server: Google Earth

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 188-194
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Ground Control ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Web Map ◽  
Ground Control Points ◽  
High Resolution Satellite Images ◽  
Map Scale ◽  
Map Service

The recent progress for spatial resolution of remote sensing imagery led to generate many types of Very HighResolution (VHR) satellite images, consequently, general speaking, it is possible to prepare accurate base map larger than 1:10,000 scale. One of these VHR satellite image is WorldView-3 sensor that launched in August 2014. The resolution of 0.31m makes WorldView-3 the highest resolution commercial satellite in the world. In the current research, a pan-sharpen image from that type, covering an area at Giza Governorate in Egypt, used to determine the suitable large-scale map that could be produced from that image. To reach this objective, two different sources for acquiring Ground Control Points (GCPs). Firstly, very accurate field measurements using GPS and secondly, Web Map Service (WMS) server (in the current research is Google Earth) which is considered a good alternative when GCPs are not available, are used. Accordingly, three scenarios are tested, using the same set of both 16 Ground Control Points (GCPs) as well as 14 Check Points (CHKs), used for evaluation the accuracy of geometric correction of that type of images. First approach using both GCPs and CHKs coordinates acquired by GPS. Second approach using GCPs coordinates acquired by Google Earth and CHKs acquired by GPS. Third approach using GCPs and CHKs coordinates by Google Earth. Results showed that, first approach gives Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) planimeteric discrepancy for GCPs of 0.45m and RMSE planimeteric discrepancy for CHKs of 0.69m. Second approach gives RMSE for GCPs of 1.10m and RMSE for CHKs of 1.75m. Third approach gives RMSE for GCPs of 1.10m and RMSE for CHKs of 1.40m. Taking map accuracy specification of 0.5mm of map scale, the worst values for CHKs points (1.75m&1,4m) resulted from using Google Earth as a source, gives the possibility of producing 1:5000 large-scale map compared with the best value of (0.69m) (map scale 1:2500). This means, for the given parameters of the current research, large scale maps could be produced using Google Earth, in case of GCPs are not available accurately from the field surveying, which is very useful for many users.

Identification of Tectonic Activity and Fault Mechanism From Morphological Signatures

2019 ◽  
pp. 99-123
Author(s):  
Arunima Nandy
Keyword(s):  
Active Zone ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
Gis And Rs ◽  
Fault Mechanism ◽  
Tectonic Activities

Agartala, the capital of Tripura, is one of the most important and populated cities of North-East India. From the aspect of geomorphology, the whole area is characterized by highlands (tilla) and lowlands (lunga). Tectonically, Tripura falls under very active zone (Zone V). Assessment of tectonic activities of this region is very significant. For identification of tectonic activity, morphological or geomorphic signatures play very important role. The chapter identifies the presence of tectonic activity from morphological signatures in and around Agartala city. Landsat 8 OLI, maps from Geological Survey of India, Google Earth imageries have been used in this study. The presence of some lineaments and sag ponds has been identified on the basis of which fault mechanism of Agartala and Baramura hills has been delineated. This study contains a brief note on the conceptual demonstration of application of GIS and RS technologies and how morphological signatures and satellite images can help us to recognize tectonic activities over a region.

scholarly journals Detection of Archaeological Looting from Space: Methods, Achievements and Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 2389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deodato Tapete ◽  
Francesca Cigna
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Image Processing ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Optical Imagery

Illegal excavations in archaeological heritage sites (namely “looting”) are a global phenomenon. Satellite images are nowadays massively used by archaeologists to systematically document sites affected by looting. In parallel, remote sensing scientists are increasingly developing processing methods with a certain degree of automation to quantify looting using satellite imagery. To capture the state-of-the-art of this growing field of remote sensing, in this work 47 peer-reviewed research publications and grey literature are reviewed, accounting for: (i) the type of satellite data used, i.e., optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR); (ii) properties of looting features utilized as proxies for damage assessment (e.g., shape, morphology, spectral signature); (iii) image processing workflows; and (iv) rationale for validation. Several scholars studied looting even prior to the conflicts recently affecting the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Regardless of the method used for looting feature identification (either visual/manual, or with the aid of image processing), they preferred very high resolution (VHR) optical imagery, mainly black-and-white panchromatic, or pansharpened multispectral, whereas SAR is being used more recently by specialist image analysts only. Yet the full potential of VHR and high resolution (HR) multispectral information in optical imagery is to be exploited, with limited research studies testing spectral indices. To fill this gap, a range of looted sites across the MENA region are presented in this work, i.e., Lisht, Dashur, and Abusir el Malik (Egypt), and Tell Qarqur, Tell Jifar, Sergiopolis, Apamea, Dura Europos, and Tell Hizareen (Syria). The aim is to highlight: (i) the complementarity of HR multispectral data and VHR SAR with VHR optical imagery, (ii) usefulness of spectral profiles in the visible and near-infrared bands, and (iii) applicability of methods for multi-temporal change detection. Satellite data used for the demonstration include: HR multispectral imagery from the Copernicus Sentinel-2 constellation, VHR X-band SAR data from the COSMO-SkyMed mission, VHR panchromatic and multispectral WorldView-2 imagery, and further VHR optical data acquired by GeoEye-1, IKONOS-2, QuickBird-2, and WorldView-3, available through Google Earth. Commonalities between the different image processing methods are examined, alongside a critical discussion about automation in looting assessment, current lack of common practices in image processing, achievements in managing the uncertainty in looting feature interpretation, and current needs for more dissemination and user uptake. Directions toward sharing and harmonization of methodologies are outlined, and some proposals are made with regard to the aspects that the community working with satellite images should consider, in order to define best practices of satellite-based looting assessment.

The Northern Bald Ibis Geronticus eremita in Morocco since 1900: Analysis of ecological requirements

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDRE SCHENKER ◽  
FABIAN CAHENZLI ◽  
KARL G. GUTBROD ◽  
MICHEL THEVENOT ◽  
ANDREAS ERHARDT
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Earth Satellite ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Geronticus Eremita

SummaryThe Northern Bald Ibis (NBI) Geronticus eremita, is an ‘Endangered’ bird species of which only very few wild breeding colonies have survived along the Atlantic coast of south-west Morocco. This paper analyses ecological conditions of the 72 breeding sites of the NBI that have been known since 1900 in Morocco. Characterisation of breeding sites is based on physical criteria (elevation above sea level, geomorphology, mean annual precipitation and types of landscape) as well as land use, vegetation cover, infrastructure and types of settlement within three perimeters (0–1 km, > 1–5 km and > 5–10(20) km) using Google Earth satellite images. Statistical analyses of the number of breeding pairs, fledglings and rainfall during different quarters of the year from 1994 to 2016 in the two remaining breeding sites in Souss-Massa National Park and Tamri showed expected patterns as well as unexpected differences between the two localities. Based on our findings and indications in the literature, we suggest general and specific recommendations for potential future translocation projects of the NBI. Based on the analysis of the 28 breeding colonies existing after 1977, two elements emerge as the most important prerequisites: a low level of disturbances at the breeding sites and adequate feeding areas at a reasonable distance of 5–15 km.

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