scholarly journals FORECASTING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE FIRE DAMAGE IN ASSESSING THE ENEMY’S ABILITY TO DISRUPT THE MANAGEMENT OF TROOPS

2019 ◽  
pp. 155-164
Author(s):  
D. A. Ishchenko ◽  
V. A Kyrylyuk ◽  
O. M. Naumchak ◽  
A. M. Starykov
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Fire Damage ◽  
Mathematical Apparatus ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Radio Electronic ◽  
Joint Forces ◽  
Group Object

In the work the mathematical apparatus for forecasting the effectiveness of fire damage was proposed in assessing the enemy’s ability to disarm the troop management with taking into account the experience of the antiterrorist operation and the Joint Forces Operation in order to provide national security and defense, repression and deterrence of armed aggression of the Russian Federation in the Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts. The question of estimating the predicted degree of disorganization of the troops management by the damage for management system, that the enemy causes to its elements using the means of radio-electronic suppression and fire damage, is researched. The assessment of the loss is based on the relative proportion of the lost (suppressed) objects from their total number in the management system. Depending on the size and nature of the damage to the totality of radio-electronic objects and means, the state of the system can be estimated by the appropriate degree of disorganization: disturbance, difficulty or disruption of management. A probabilistic approach is proposed for evaluating the loss of a set of radio-electronic objects and means. The degree of disorganization due to fire damage is estimated using the model of defeat of the objects of the troops management system. The model of fire damage is created with the following assumptions: a group object is given by a set of elementary objects; the defeat of the group object is determined according to the degree of damage to the elements or the damage to the critical element; elementary objects are homogeneous with the exception of critical elements; the distribution of the point of the fall of the lesion may be described by the relevant law. On the basis of the analysis of the structure of objects and possible damage, a mathematical apparatus for evaluating the suitability of elementary objects for performing their tasks in conditions of fire damage was proposed based on indicators: destruction, suppression and disruption. A model of defeat of a single (elementary) and a group military object was developed. The model takes into account: the composition of the group object, its size, the size of elementary objects; the law of the distribution of the point of falling of the means of defeat by the area; the presence of critical elementary objects; characteristics of fire damage.

scholarly journals Finding Critical Element in the Progressive Collapse of RC Structures Using Sensitivity Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 3038
Author(s):  
Ahmad Farahani ◽  
Ali Kheyroddin ◽  
Mohammad Kazem Sharbatdar
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
High Aspect Ratio ◽  
Progressive Collapse ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Rc Structures ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
High Rise

Failure of some elements in the structure can play triggering role for beginning of collapse progression. The critical element is the structural element that when it fails, leads to progressive collapse. To find the critical element of the structure, sensitivity analysis should be done. But there are not specific structural criteria for using in sensitivity analysis. In this paper following GSA, UFC 4-023-03 and ASCE guidelines, sensitivity analysis has been modified and applied to find the critical element of a major number of reinforced concrete structures. 1080 3D nonlinear pushdown analyses were done and the results showed that the place of the critical elements differs in different stories and different plan shapes of high rise structures. In the structures with high aspect ratio in height, the critical element of the whole structure is located in the story of 2/3 height of the structure. When the aspect ratio of the structure in plan increases, sensitivity of the columns in the long dimension of the structure become closer to each other.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Economic Viability in the Implementation of the Chemical Waste Management System in Teaching and Research Laboratories

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Beatriz Antoniassi ◽  
Vanderlei Araujo ◽  
Marcia Chaves ◽  
Marcelo Telascrea ◽  
Mariana Kempa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Chemical Waste ◽  
Waste Management System ◽  
Chemical Residues ◽  
The University

The prudent management of hazardous materials, from their procurement to their proper disposal, is a critical element of a departmental laboratory safety program. However, it is known that the management of chemical residues involves a high cost and few studies are carried out aiming at assisting in the implementation of this system of management mainly about educational and research institutions. This work therefore presents the economic feasibility analysis in the implementation of the chemical waste management system in laboratories of a Brazilian University. The data were obtained through a questionnaire applied to the technicians of the laboratories generating chemical residues, these being, teaching, research and clinics of the university. The economic-financial analysis has shown that the internal treatment of waste with the construction of a laboratory in the university is an unfeasible project. However, the project is feasible using the already existing structure, such as the chemistry laboratory in the idle periods. In this way, waste treatment on the university campus is feasible, in relation to the costs involved with outsourcing. However, it is necessary to ensure that the chemical standards for sewage disposal, as stipulated by the responsible bodies, are achieved.

scholarly journals Indicator-based approach to safety management of railway infrastructure facilities

Dependability ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
L. A. Baranov ◽  
V. V. Kulba ◽  
A. B. Shelkov ◽  
D. S. Somov
Keyword(s):  
Graph Model ◽  
Technical System ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Disturbance Propagation ◽  
Railway Infrastructure ◽  
Complex Technical System ◽  
Technical Systems

The Aim of this paper is to develop the methods of analysis and simulation of the processes of occurrence and development of emergencies at complex railway infrastructure facilities. It cites analysis data on the threats, causes and consequences of sudden emergencies at complex railway infrastructure facilities. For the purpose of ensuring reliable operation of technical objects, as well as timely identification of faults, it is proposed to use the indicator-based approach that allows diagnosing and formally analyzing the processes of occurrence and propagation of malfunctions across the elements of complex technical systems. For the purpose of simulating the processes of propagation of the disturbances (hazards of emergencies) that occur as the result of malfunctions, it is proposed to use the theoretic graph approach that involves model and visual representation of the structure of a technical system under consideration in the form of a directed graph that shows the correlations between its elements. Each node and edge of a graph is assigned certain parameters or functionals that reflect the processes of correlated operation of the elements of the simulated system. The propagation of disturbances within a system is simulated with pulse processes initiated in one or several nodes. The paper refers to the developed formalized models of disturbance propagation in a technical system based on the construction of structural components and correlation matrices. The authors introduce the concept of critical element of a technical system that helps identify the event of its failure. Two basic criteria of technical system failure, i.e. the exclusive (a system is considered to have failed if the disturbance has reached any of the critical elements) and absolute criterion (failure occurs if the disturbance has reached the specified subset of critical elements) are defined. The paper provides an analytical example that illustrates the capabilities of the proposed model of disturbance propagation within the structure of a technical system. For the purpose more efficient diagnostics of the hazard of emergencies in railway infrastructure facilities the paper proposes a model of application of structurally integrated indicators that consists in the integration of indicators within the structure of a technical system that would immediately deliver the required and sufficient information in case of emergency. The main task would be to identify a set of indicators with the primary purpose of reducing the information-related stress and concentration of dispatchers’ or operators’ attention on the processes within a technical system that are most relevant in terms of accident-free and safe operation. Basic criteria are identified for the generation of the set of indicators within a complex technical system: maximum of reliability of the disturbance consequences estimate, maximum of accuracy of emergency causes identification, minimum of emergency identification time, minimum of nonrecurrent and current costs. A modified graph model of disturbance propagation in a complex technical system is provided that is the prerequisite for solving the multicriterion problems of optimal location of indicators within the structure of a technical system in terms of completeness, accuracy and timeliness of detection of failures of various types. Automation of the processes of generation of indicator sets using models of disturbance propagation in technical systems will allow using the proposed methods as part of further development of the URRAN methodology in terms of improvement of the decision support in railway infrastructure facilities management.

scholarly journals The Potential Utilizing of Critical Element from Coal and Combustion Residues

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4710
Author(s):  
Yunhu Hu ◽  
Mu You ◽  
Guijian Liu ◽  
Zhongbing Dong ◽  
Facun Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Recycled Materials ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Combustion Residues

Strategically critical elements are becoming significant for the rising demand of emerging energy-efficient technologies and high-tech applications. These critical elements are mostly geologically dispersed, and mainly recovered from recycled materials. Coal with high concentrations of critical elements is supposed to stable alternative sources. The abundances of critical elements in coal varies widely among different deposits and regions. The high concentrations of critical elements are found in many Chinese and Russian coal ores. The global mining potential ratio (MPR) is applied and suggests scandium, hafnium, cesium, yttrium, germanium, gallium, thallium, strontium and rare-earth elements could be potential recovery from coal. A number of benefits are expected with the extraction of critical elements during coal utilization.

Effective Utilization of Operating Data in Asset Management

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Christiansen ◽  
Kate M. Giles
Keyword(s):  
Asset Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Information Infrastructure ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Corporate Entity ◽  
Operational Information ◽  
Asset Management System

An effective asset management system allows a business to define and measure plant performance relative to corporate & market expectations, as well as identifying potential issues that, if corrected, will improve plant profitability. Operational information is one critical element in any asset management system. Capturing, interpreting, storing and reporting this information requires a systematic approach that results in an infrastructure that is flexible, easy to use, and comprehensive. The development of an effective information system infrastructure must account for current & future reporting requirements, the varied sources of available data and the processes behind data capture, transformation & storage. The approach to developing this infrastructure also needs to consider the requirements of; the plant, its customers, its corporate entity as well as any applicable regulatory agencies. The objective of this paper will be to define the elements of an effective information infrastructure and to highlight approaches used by various power plants in creating their asset management information infrastructure.

scholarly journals Investigation of Trace and Critical Elements (Including Actinides) in Flotation Sulphide Concentrates of Kassandra Mines (Chalkidiki, Greece)

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos Tzamos ◽  
Argyrios Papadopoulos ◽  
Giovanni Grieco ◽  
Stylianos Stoulos ◽  
Micol Bussolesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Granitic Rocks ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Element Contents

Pyrite/arsenopyrite (Py-AsPy), galena (PbS), and sphalerite (ZnS) concentrates from the flotation plants of Olympias and Stratoni (Kassandra mines, Chalkidiki, N. Greece) were investigated for their major, trace, minor, and critical element contents, including actinides associated to natural radioactivity. It is revealed that in addition to the Pb, Zn, Ag, and Au being exploited by Hellas Gold S.A., there are also significant concentrations of Sb and Ga (Sb: >0.2 wt.% in PbS concentrate; Ga:25 ppm in ZnS concentrate), but no considerable contents of Bi, Co, V, or REE. Concerning other elements, As was found in elevated concentrations (>1 wt.% in Py-(As)Py-AsPy Olympias concentrate and almost 1 wt.% in Stratoni PbS and ZnS concentrates) together with Cd (specifically in ZnS concentrate). However, actinides occurred in very low concentrations (U < 2 ppm and Th < 0.5 ppm in all examined concentrates), limiting the possibility of natural radioactivity in the Hellas Gold S.A. products. The concentrations of the natural radionuclides (238U, 232Th, and 40K) are much lower than those of commercial granitic rocks, and thus the associated radioactive dose is insignificant.

scholarly journals The Influence of Spectral Interferences on Critical Element Determination with Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (pXRF)

Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Gallhofer ◽  
Bernd Lottermoser
Keyword(s):  
Certified Reference Materials ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Element Determination ◽  
Spectral Interferences ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Geological Materials ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Contrast Studies

Field portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometers are routinely used in mineral resources studies. To date, mineral resources studies have largely focussed on the application of pXRF to the exploration for deposits of base and precious metals. By contrast, studies using pXRF for the quantification of critical elements in geological materials are scarce since these elements are difficult to determine with energy-dispersive pXRF technology. This study explores the capability of pXRF spectrometers to detect and quantify critical elements (Ba, P, Nb, V, Co, REE, W, Bi, Hf, and Ta) in certified reference materials (CRMs). While precision of many critical elements is acceptable (<20% RSD), accuracy can be poor (>50% difference) when using pre-installed factory calibration software. Spectra collected during the pXRF measurements show that poor accuracy and false positives tend to be associated with spectral interferences. Distinct combinations of spectral interferences (line overlaps, Compton scattered peaks, and Si escape peaks) were observed in the different matrix types. Our results show that critical elements may be determined in common geological materials when pronounced peaks occur in the spectra and that matrix-match of standards and samples is essential. Hence, XRF spectra should be routinely reviewed to identify erroneous quantification due to spectral interferences.

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