Effects of Milling Time and Speed on Nutrient Availability of KH2PO4 with Kaolinite as Physical Type Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizers

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Keyword(s):  
Milling Time ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizers ◽  
Physical Type ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

Mechanochemical processing was applied to produce slow-release fertilizers consisting of kaolinite as clay material and (KDP) KH2PO4 in 3:1 weight ratio by grinding the contents in a planetary ball mill at milling rotational speeds ranging from 200 to 700 rpm for 2 h and at different milling times ranging between 1-3 h at 600 rpm milling speed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and coupled ion chromatography (IC) were used to characterize the prepared samples. It was shown that the mechanochemical process succeeded to incorporate KDP into the kaolinite structure. The K+ and PO43- ions released from the kaolinite–KH2PO4 system when dispersed in distilled water for 24 h were measured. The results indicate that the prepared kaolinite–KH2PO4 system acts as a carrier of K+ and PO43- nutrients to be used as slow-released fertilizers

scholarly journals Mechanochemical Preparation of Slow Release Fertilizer Based on Glauconite–Urea Complexes

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim Rudmin ◽  
Elshan Abdullayev ◽  
Alexey Ruban ◽  
Ales Buyakov ◽  
Bulat Soktoev
Keyword(s):  
Milling Time ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Mechanochemical Activation ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Planetary Mill ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mechanochemical Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizers

We investigated the mechanochemical synthesis of complex slow release fertilizers (SRF) derived from glauconite. We studied the effectiveness of the mechanical intercalation of urea into glauconite using planetary and ring mills. The potassium-nitric complex SRFs were synthesized via a mechanochemical method mixing glauconite with urea in a 3:1 ratio. The obtained composites were analyzed using X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence analysis, and infrared spectroscopy. The results show that as duration of mechanochemical activation increases, the mineralogical, chemical, and structural characteristics of composites change. Essential modifications associated with a decrease in absorbed urea and the formation of microcrystallites were observed when the planetary milling time increased from 5 to 10 min and the ring milling from 15 to 30 min. Complete intercalation of urea into glauconite was achieved by 20 min grinding in a planetary mill or 60 min in a ring mill. Urea intercalation in glauconite occurs much faster when using a planetary mill compared to a ring mill.

scholarly journals Direct Synthesis of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3Powders by Mechanochemical Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Duc Van
Keyword(s):  
Milling Time ◽  
Direct Synthesis ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Intermediate Species ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mechanochemical Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Milling Parameters ◽  
First Time ◽  
Carbonato Complex

The synthesis and structural properties of lead-free piezoelectric (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3powders prepared by mechanochemical method using Nb2O5, K2CO3, and Na2CO3as starting materials were reported. X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the prepared samples. Results showed that, for the first time, by selecting the milling speed of 600 rpm and the ball-to-powder weight ratio of 35 : 1 as milling parameters, pure (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3crystalline phase was obtained directly in the as-milled samples after 5 h of milling time. The existence of a carbonato complex betweenCO32−and Nb5+ions as an intermediate species of the formation of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3was also found.

Optimization of High Energy Ball Milling Parameters for Synthesis of Ti1-xAlxN Powder

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Maya Radune ◽  
Michael Zinigrad ◽  
Nachum Frage
Keyword(s):  
Milling Time ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Powder Synthesis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
N Powder

Taguchi’s method was applied to investigate the effect of the main HEBM parameters: milling time (MT), ball to powder weight ratio (BPWR) and milling speed (MS) on the dissolved AlN fraction in TiN. The settings of HEBM parameters were determined by using the orthogonal experiments array (OA). The as-received and milled powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The optimum milling parameter combination was determined by using the analysis of signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio. According to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) the milling speed is the most effective parameter and the optimal conditions for powder synthesis are: MT 20h, MS 600rpm, BPWR 50:1. The result of the experiment conducted under optimal conditions (AlN was completely dissolved during experiment) confirmed the conclusions of the statistical analysis.

The Influence of Milling Time and Impact Force on the Mutual Diffusion of Al and Cu during Synthesis of Al-4.5wt%Cu Alloy via Mechanical Alloying

2009 ◽  
Vol 283-286 ◽  
pp. 494-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mostaed ◽  
Ehsan Mostaed ◽  
Ali Shokuhfar ◽  
H. Saghafian ◽  
Hamid Reza Rezaie
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Diffusion Rate ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cu Alloy ◽  
Elemental Diffusion

The study of mechanical alloying (MA) process on the immiscible Al–Cu systems having positive heats of mixing has been investigated by the earlier researchers. However, a comprehensive understanding of the diffusion phenomenon during the mechanical alloying process is still far from complete. The effects of milling time and impact force, defined as the ball-to-powder weight ratio (BPR), on the elemental diffusion during mechanical alloying process of Al-4.5wt%Cu were evaluated in the current work. X-ray diffraction results showed that increasing the milling time and impact force led to increasing the dislocation as because of increasing the micro-strain, lattice parameter and decreasing the crystallite size. As a result of this, the diffusion rate was enhanced. The interpretation of data resulted have been discussed in details.

scholarly journals The Investigation of Organic Binder Effect on Morphological Structure of Ceramic Membrane Support

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Boussemghoune ◽  
Mustapha Chikhi ◽  
Yasin Ozay ◽  
Pelin Guler ◽  
Bahar Ozbey Unal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In this study, we investigated the effect of different organic binders on the morphologic structure of ceramic membrane support. Natural raw clay material (kaolin) was used as the main mineral for ceramic membrane support. The physical and chemical properties of kaolin powder and the supports were identified by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size and zeta potential distribution. Based on the XRF test, the main composition of kaolin powder was SiO2 (47.41%) and Al2O3 (38.91%), while the rest were impurities. The FTIR spectra showed the functional groups of Si-O and Al-O. The XRD diffractogram of natural raw clay powder identified kaolinite and nacrite were the main mineral phase whereas muscovite and quartz were detected in small quantities in the sample. After prepared the ceramic membrane supports, XRD diffractogram showed that anorthite and gehlenite were detected as the main mineral phases for ethylene glycol (EG), gelatin, methocel and for polyethylene glycol (PEG), respectively. According to BET analyses, the maximum and the minimum pore width were obtained for PEG and gelatin organic binders.

Preparation and Characterization of Protein-Montmorillonite Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 184-185 ◽  
pp. 1120-1123
Author(s):  
Qian Zhu ◽  
Dai Mei Chen ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Xu Tao Deng ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interlayer Space ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermal Gravimetric ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Intercalation Reaction ◽  
Atomic Force

Protein-montmorillonite composites were prepared by direct and stepwise intercalation of lysozyme(LYZ) into gallery of montmorillonite(MMT), and characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis(TGA) and Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM). The direct intercalation experiment showed that with the increase of LYZ/MMT weight ratio from 1:1 to 4:1, the interlayer space of MMT increased from 4.2nm to 6.3nm, and the adsorption amount of lysozyme onto MMT increased from 1.05mg/mg to 1.84mg/mg. While in stepwise intercalation process, the adsorption of LYZ was obviously lower than that in direct intercalation experiment, indicating that the exchange reaction between lysozyme and POP-D2000 was incomplete in the stepwise intercalation reaction.

Preparation of TiO2-diatomite composites by ball-milling and its photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanxi Deng ◽  
Xuming Wang ◽  
Jinfeng Yin ◽  
Yanfeng Li ◽  
Hao Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Particle Concentration ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ball Milling Technique ◽  
Degradation Of Methyl Orange

TiO2-diatomite composites were prepared using a two–stage ball-milling technique and they were subsequently characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and FTIR, showing that nanotitania had been successfully supported on the surface of diatomite. The as-prepared TiO2–diatomite composites were used to decompose methyl orange (MO). Good degradation efficiency was observed. The effects of milling conditions, such as milling time of diatomite suspension, the diatomite particle concentration in suspension, weight ratio of ball-to-powder, milling time of the mixed TiO2-diatomite suspension and dosage of titania, on photocatalytic degradation performance were systematically examined for the sake of achieving the best efficiency.

The Research of Influence on Fe-N Alloy Magnetism from Experiment Parameters

2013 ◽  
Vol 690-693 ◽  
pp. 470-474
Author(s):  
Xiu Zhi Guo ◽  
Ruo Hui Chen ◽  
Wen Fu Song
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Hexagonal Boron Nitride ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Alloy Formation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transition Rules ◽  
Similar Phase

Fe-N amorphous alloy and ε- FexN alloy were prepared by mechanical ball milling with Fe and solid hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) as nitrogen resource. The microstructural and magnetic transforming rules of different volume ratios of mixtures of Fe and h-BN (1:12.5, 1:5.4, 1:1.2, and 1:0.38) was studied under different ball-to-powder weight ratios. phase transition and magnetism were characterized with X-ray diffraction and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). According to the results, samples of the first three volume ratios have similar phase transition rules in different ball-to-powder weight ratios, and the sample with smaller ball-to-powder weight ratio costs more time in alloy formation. The changing rules and mechanisms of coercivity of four ratio samples with the extension of ball milling time has been clarified.

Mechanical properties of FeAlSi powders prepared by mechanical alloying from different initial feedstock materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Čech ◽  
Petr Haušild ◽  
Miroslav Karlík ◽  
Veronika Kadlecová ◽  
Jiří Čapek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Element Model ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Powder Particles ◽  
Complete Homogenization

FeAl20Si20 (wt.%) powders prepared by mechanical alloying from different initial feedstock materials (Fe, Al, Si, FeAl27) were investigated in this study. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and nanoindentation techniques were used to analyze microstructure, phase composition and mechanical properties (hardness and Young’s modulus). Finite element model was developed to account for the decrease in measured values of mechanical properties of powder particles with increasing penetration depth caused by surrounding soft resin used for embedding powder particles. Progressive homogenization of the powders’ microstructure and an increase of hardness and Young’s modulus with milling time were observed and the time for complete homogenization was estimated.

scholarly journals Zeolite NaP1 Functionalization for the Sorption of Metal Complexes with Biodegradable N-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-D,L-aspartic Acid

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2518
Author(s):  
Dorota Kołodyńska ◽  
Yongming Ju ◽  
Małgorzata Franus ◽  
Wojciech Franus
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Complexing Agents ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Modified Zeolite ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizers ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

The possibility of application of chitosan-modified zeolite as sorbent for Cu(II), Zn(II), Mn(II), and Fe(III) ions and their mixtures in the presence of N-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-D,L-aspartic acid, IDHA) under different experimental conditions were investigated. Chitosan-modified zeolite belongs to the group of biodegradable complexing agents used in fertilizer production. NaP1CS as a carrier forms a barrier to the spontaneous release of the fertilizer into soil. The obtained materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); surface area determination (ASAP); scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS); X-ray fluorescence (XRF); X-ray diffraction (XRD); and carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen (CHN), as well as thermogravimetric (TGA) methods. The concentrations of Cu(II), Zn(II), Mn(II), and Fe(III) complexes with IDHA varied from 5–20 mg/dm3 for Cu(II), 10–40 mg/dm3 for Fe(III), 20–80 mg/dm3 for Mn(II), and 10–40 mg/dm3 for Zn(II), respectively; pH value (3–6), time (1–120 min), and temperature (293–333 K) on the sorption efficiency were tested. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich, and Temkin adsorption models were applied to describe experimental data. The pH 5 proved to be appropriate for adsorption. The pseudo-second order and Langmuir models were consistent with the experimental data. The thermodynamic parameters indicate that adsorption is spontaneous and endothermic. The highest desorption percentage was achieved using the HCl solution, therefore, proving that method can be used to design slow-release fertilizers.

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