scholarly journals An Empirical Analysis of the Determinants of Employment Status in District Multan (Pakistan)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ramzan Sheikh ◽  
Imran Sharif Chaudhry ◽  
Muhammad Hanif Akhtar ◽  
Hammad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Economic Decision Making ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Macroeconomic Factor

Employment is very cogent macroeconomic factor in economic decision making. People in the labor force take decisions to assume various employment statuses in their economic life. This study shows a pragmatic analysis of the factors that determine the employment status in district Multan, based on primary data set of 250 respondents collected through stratified sampling. Multiple Logit technique has been applied. The findings of the study have shown that a range of socio-economic and demographic factors are responsible to determine the employment status. The study is also furnished with some relevant policy implications.

scholarly journals The Role of Emotions in Economic Decision Making

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aslı Öztopçu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Cognitive Error ◽  
Economic Decisions ◽  
Economic Decision Making ◽  
Individual Effects

Decision making points out to the consequences of past or future behaviors. An individual has to make decisions on all subjects throughout his life. An important part of these decisions are economic decisions. Individuals make decisions such as renting, buying, buying new goods, migrating, changing jobs, making investments, enterprise, choosing holidays, evaluating savings. Non-rational decisions are observed although individuals should make rational decision, according to mainstream economics. In this study, the effects of the emotions that form the basis of psychology, such as time, option constraint, opportunities, risk taking, risk aversion, procrastination, rush, or uncertainty, inconsistency, intuitive movement, cognitive error in the decision-making process of individuals are discussed. For this purpose, the characteristics of decision-making process, individual effects of cognitive of emotions, individual decision making theorems in economic theory and behavioral economics literature are mentioned. It is thought that the role of emotions that shape behaviors should be known in the regulation of economic life that is determined according to human behavior.

scholarly journals Assessing the Perpetuity of Tribe Indebtedness: An Empirical Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-116
Author(s):  
Sanjeeta Kumari Devi ◽  
Swapnamoyee Palit
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Social Impacts ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Ownership Of Land ◽  
Extent Of Absorption

Abstract ‘Indebtedness’ of the tribes increases their woe. They live in inaccessible terrain with inadequate infrastructure. Living on subsistence, majority of them depend on borrowings to finance their budget deficit. Being in debt tends to become perpetual with several drastic consequences like being subject to exploitation through bonded labour, losing of assets or transfer of ownership of land and other assets under several pre-text to non-tribal or private lenders, etc. This indebtedness itself has other adverse social impacts on the tribes like the low level of education, ill-health, employment status etc. which has a spiral relationship with indebtedness. This study seeks to identify the various facets of their indebtedness from close quarters, find the extent of absorption of institutional credit by these tribes and identify the gap in their likely absorption perpetuating their indebtedness. It is based on the analysis of primary data collected through structured schedules directly from the respondents. It has been analysed using relevant statistical and econometric tools. It finds the perpetual aspect of tribes' indebtedness due to various ingrained social, cultural and economic factors. It suggests ways to end this perpetuity and amalgamate them on the path of development.

Capital market openness and volatility: an investigation of five Sub-Saharan treasury bill rates

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailie Heather Charteris ◽  
Barry Strydom
Keyword(s):  
Capital Markets ◽  
Capital Mobility ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Treasury Bill ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Financial Liberalisation ◽  
Sub Saharan

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to model the volatility of treasury bill (T-bill) rates in five Sub-Saharan capital markets to investigate whether or not differences in capital mobility affect volatility. Design/methodology/approach – Primary data was collected from weekly T-bill auctions in five Sub-Saharan countries and was analysed using a range of Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) models in order to determine the volatility characteristics of each of these instruments. Differences in the institutional arrangements for each market are used to interpret the results of the econometric analysis. Findings – Evidence is presented that indicates that the size and financial liberalisation of capital markets affect volatility. While the markets with the greatest exposure to international investors exhibit greater volatility in the long-run, the presence of non-residents in the market appears to contribute to more efficient pricing of these instruments. Research limitations/implications – The limited sample restricts the ability to generalise these findings, however, the finding that differences exist in the volatility of these markets even though they are geographically similar indicates the value of this methodological approach. Practical implications – The finding that greater capital mobility may result in increased volatility and greater efficiency has significant policy implications for governments and market regulators who have to weigh the costs and benefits of financial liberalisation. Originality/value – The paper employs a unique data set to model the volatility characteristics of the selected T-bills to improve the understanding of the behaviour of these important instruments in Sub-Saharan frontier markets. More specifically the study provides a novel empirical approach to addressing the question of whether capital mobility is linked to increased volatility. The finding that capital mobility is linked to greater market efficiency offers a fresh insight to this debate.

Emotions and Economics

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 69-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn Pixley
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Regenerative Process ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Economic Decision ◽  
Animal Spirits ◽  
Economic View ◽  
Economic Decision Making ◽  
The Future ◽  
Alternative Understanding

This chapter examines approaches to emotions in orthodox and various Keynesian-influenced economics, with regard to ‘interest’ and expectations, and compares it to sociological emotions research. First it shows how economics ignores ‘passions’ like greed or avarice by transmuting them to the allegedly more predictable, less emotional and completely ‘rational’ motives of interests. Interest, in contemporary orthodox accounts, is said basically to account for expectations but the accounts are derived from the Renaissance view that ‘interest will not lie’. In contrast, the less orthodox economic view argues that expectations are merely imagination and hope, however much data, expertise and information are used, and are thus far from predictable. The chapter then compares Keynesian concepts of emotions such as ‘animal spirits’ with sociological understandings of them. The contribution that emotions research can make to emotions in economic decision-making is then considered. Financial organizations, in particular, are obsessed with the future, hence the future-oriented emotions of confidence, optimism, pessimism, fear and trust are unavoidable, but this is an endlessly unlearned and regenerative process. Finally, the chapter touches on the policy implications of an alternative understanding of the typical emotions deployed in decision-making by financial organizations.

scholarly journals Resistance To Liberalization: The Effects Of Individual Decision Making On Opposition To Multilateral Liberalization Through The WTO

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynda D. Vargha
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
The United States ◽  
Majority Voting ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Trade Adjustment Assistance ◽  
Rational Decision Making ◽  
Economic Decision Making ◽  
Trade Adjustment ◽  
Public Opposition

<p class="MsoBodyText2" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">This paper examines the sources of the resistance to liberalization in the United States and its effects on the political climate in which the WTO member nations continue to pursue liberalization.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>This analysis utilizes the findings of mainstream economic theory to argue that opposition to the WTO is rooted in rational economic decision-making. A majority-voting model is used to more formally illustrate that this rational decision making affects the composition of public opposition and results in a resistance to liberalization by a majority of the populace, even if a majority will benefit from the movement toward free trade.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>The paper concludes with a discussion of the policy implications of the theoretical analysis focusing on the importance of Trade Adjustment Assistance and continued multilateral liberalization through the WTO.</span></span></p>

Do institutional networks affect winery survival?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Fernández-Olmos ◽  
Ana Felicitas Gargallo-Castel ◽  
Giulio Malorgio
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implications ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Survival Models ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Parametric Survival

PurposeThe present study aims to provide new evidence regarding the factors that determine the survival of firms in the Spanish wine industry and to improve the understanding of sector dynamics.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical analysis, conducted over a representative sample of wineries in the DOC Rioja wine industry, is based on non-parametric (Kaplan–Meier graph) and semi-parametric survival models (Cox proportional hazard model).FindingsThe empirical model finds that wineries with a higher number of networks with institutions enjoy better survival prospects. This study also shows that a winery’s previous performance affects the winery’s survival probability; therefore, successful wineries in the past encounter a smaller hazard of exit. Although spending on R&D and exporting are factors likely to improve wineries' efficiency and competitiveness, these factors did not contribute significantly to the survival of DOC Rioja wineries.Originality/valueThis paper makes a significant contribution to the understanding of the determinants of wineries' survival and has important policy implications. In order to raise the probability of survival, policy makers should promote the networks that link wineries and institutions. Moreover, this study is based on survival analysis which, although frequently used in medical and behavioural sciences, has rarely been applied to wine economics. Finally, it uses a unique data set obtained from primary data collection, which previous studies have not analysed in relation to the probability of winery survival.

Money, Power and Inequality within Marriage

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Vogler ◽  
Jan Pahl
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Joint Control ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Male Control ◽  
Household Finances ◽  
Financial Interests ◽  
And Gender

The growing body of research on the intra-household economy suggests that in couple households there are significant associations between control over household finances and more general power within the household. However, most earlier research has been based on relatively small samples. Here a major new British data set, produced by the Social Change and Economic Life Initiative, is used to examine the relations between money, power and inequality within marriage. Six different systems of financial allocation are identified. The results suggest that even when couples nominally pool their money, in practice either husband or wife is likely to control the pool. In only one fifth of couples was the pool jointly controlled, but these households were characterised by the highest levels of equality between husband and wife in terms of decision making, experience of deprivation and access to personal spending money. Findings from the study indicate a complex pattern of relationships between household income level, household allocative system and gender. Female control of finances, though it was associated with greater decision-making power for women, did not protect them against financial deprivation; however, male control of finances, especially when it took the form of the housekeeping allowance, did serve to protect the financial interests of men in comparison with women. Gender inequality was least in households with joint control of pooled money and greatest either in low income households or in higher income households with male control of finances.

scholarly journals Employment Empowering Women: An Experience of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-134
Author(s):  
Bandana Kumari Jain
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Wife Beating ◽  
Women's Employment ◽  
Women’S Employment ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Household Decision ◽  
Household Decision Making ◽  
The Relationship

The study aims to examine the association between employment and the empowerment of Nepali currently married women. It harnesses women’s employment status and their empowerment; in terms of ‘household decision making’, ‘attitudes towards wife-beating’, and ownership of the house/land’ with the help of the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2016 data set. Married women’s employment exhibits a significant association (0.05) with their socio-demographic characteristics, and empowerment variables as well. The employment status of married women influences their household decision-making, and attitudes towards wife-beating. The study adheres to the belief that employment accelerates women’s empowerment, still, it is complex to determine the strength of the relationship in between. Thus, based on the findings of the study, other variables and empowerment indicators are to be considered and analyzed further for concrete insights. So, employment cannot be assumed as a mere engine and an only instrument for empowering women.

scholarly journals Livelihood of the Char Dwellers of Western Assam

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-101
Author(s):  
Balram Kumar ◽  
Debarshi Das
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Migration Decision ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Data Survey ◽  
And Migration

The Brahmaputra and other rivers of Assam are replete with numerous sandbars, which are locally called chars. Chars are home to nearly 10 per cent population of Assam. Char dwellers live a precarious life. Battered by recurrent floods and soil erosion, chars have an impermanent existence. In western Assam, the char dwellers, mostly belonging to the migrant Muslim community of East Bengal origin, live in backwardness and poverty. The article examines two questions pertaining to their economic life: income and seasonal migration. Through a primary data survey and statistical analysis, the article seeks to delineate the salient factors which influence their income and migration decision. We conclude that land holding, land lost due to erosion, household size and education are some of the factors which play a key role in this regard. We find that location of a char is important: some chars are more migration-prone than others. Policy implications have been spelled out in the end.

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