CALIDAD DE PÉLETS A PARTIR DE BIOMASA DE OCHO ESPECIES DENDROENERGÉTICAS DE CRECIMIENTO RÁPIDO

Agrociencia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 557-568
Author(s):  
Julio César Ríos Saucedo ◽  
Rigoberto Rosales Serna ◽  
Rafael Jiménez Ocampo ◽  
Pablo Alfredo Domínguez Martínez ◽  
Artemio Carrillo Parra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Populus Alba ◽  
Pinus Greggii

La productividad de biomasa en especies de crecimiento rápido es una de las mejores alternativas para la elaboración de biocombustibles dendroenergéticos. Uno de los pretratamientos de la biomasa más importantes es el peletizado y con esto aumenta el poder calorífico. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la calidad de pélets de ocho especies dendroenergéticas de crecimiento rápido. Las especies evaluadas fueron Eucalyptus globulus, Pinus greggii, Populus alba, Acacia retinoides, Ricinus communis, Populus deltoides, Pennisetum sp. y Salix sp. El diseño experimental fue completamente aleatorio; las especies analizadas como tratamientos. Con los datos se realizó un ANDEVA y las medias de los tratamientos se compararon con la prueba de Tukey (p≤0.05). Las variables evaluadas fueron: contenido de humedad (CH), cenizas, material volátil (CV), carbón fijo (CF) y poder calorífico superior (PCS); diámetro, longitud, peso, volumen, densidad a granel (DG) y densidad básica (DP); índice de resistencia, pérdida de biomasa y friabilidad (F). Las diferencias entre especies fueron significativas (p ≤0.05), para todas las variables. Ocho de las nueve especies cumplieron con valores mínimos del PCS (19.2 MJ kg-1 y 20.1 MJ kg-1) requerido en normas internacionales de calidad en pélets (18.0 MJ kg-1). Los pélets de ocho especies mostraron las dimensiones solicitadas en las normas de calidad. Todas las especies presentaron densidad aceptable, con base en la norma internacional. En la densidad básica se observaron valores altos y significativos en Pennisetum sp (1.4 g cm-3) y Pinus greggii (1.4 g cm-3), mientras que P. deltoides registró el valor más bajo (1.0 g cm-3). En las pruebas de resistencia, los pélets de P. greggii mostraron valores altos para el número de partes al rompimiento (2.4) y pérdida de biomasa (41.6%); así como valores bajos de friabilidad (0.45). Los pélets obtenidos a partir de la biomasa de las especies evaluadas cumplieron con los estándares internacionales de calidad.

scholarly journals Toxicidad de nueve plantas y de la cipermetrina en gorgojos de productos almacenados y en la pulga del agua Daphnia Magna en el Perú

Biotempo ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Lorena Alvariño ◽  
José Iannacone ◽  
Hildebrando Ayala ◽  
Neil Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Ruta Graveolens ◽  
Ricinus Communis L ◽  
Brugmansia Candida ◽  
Punica Granatum L ◽  
Stegobium Paniceum

Se realizaron bioensayos para evaluar el efecto tóxico de diferentes sustancias químicas sobre Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, 1855, S. oryzae Schoenherr, 1838 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Stegobium paniceum (Linneus, 1761) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) y Daphnia magna Straus, 1820 (Cladocera: Daphnidae). Los ensayos biológicos incluyeron evaluaciones del: 1) efecto insecticida de tres plantas: zapallo (Cucurbita maxima Duch. Ex Lam, Cucurbitaceae), eucalipto (Eucalyptus globulus Labill, Myrtaceae) y coca (Erythroxylon coca [Lamark], Erythroxylaceae) sobre adultos de S. zeamais y de S. paniceum, en bioensayos de mortandad bajo condiciones de laboratorio hasta 120 h de exposición. Se evaluaron estas tres plantas bajo las cinco formulaciones siguientes: polvo seco (1,6 g·10 g de maíz), extractos acuosos en frío (20 % p/v), infusión (20 % p/v), cocción (20% p/v) y extracto etanólico (0,2 g·1mL de etanol en 10 mL de agua). A las concentraciones seleccionadas ninguna de las tres plantas presentó efecto sobre S. zeamais y S. paniceum. 2) efecto insecticida, repelente y atrayente de seis plantas: hoja y flor de floripondio (Brugmansia candida Pers., Solanaceae), hoja y flor de ruda (Ruta graveolens L., Rutaceae), semilla de higuerilla (Ricinus communis L., Euphorbiaceae), bulbo de ajo (Allium sativum L, Liliaceae), hoja de muña (Minthostachys setosa (Briquet) Epling, Lamiaceae) y hojas de eucalipto sobre adultos de S. zeamais, bajo condiciones de laboratorio entre 1 h a 120 h de exposición para mortandad y 1 h de exposición para repelencia-atracción. Ninguno de los extractos acuosos en infusión mostró efectos estadísticamente significativos de mortandad en comparación con el control. El extracto de eucalipto y de hoja de floripondio produjeron repelencia sobre de los gorgojos. El resto de extractos mostraron efectos atrayentes. 3) efecto tóxico de la cipermetrina al 1,3% sobre S. zeamais y S. oryzae, mostrando a 24 h valores cercanos al 40% de mortalidad en comparación con el control.4) la actividad biológica de toxicidad aguda a 48 h de exposición empleando eucalipto, coca, zapallo, muña y granado (Punica granatum L. Punicaceae) en neonatos de la pulga de agua D. magna. Se observó la mayor actividad en la formulación acuosa de muña sobre D. magna.

Characteristics of pollen diffusates and pollen wall cytochemistry in poplars

1980 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
A.E. Ashford ◽  
R.B. Knox
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Populus Alba ◽  
Calcofluor White ◽  
Antigenic Activity ◽  
Extracellular Location ◽  
Isoenzyme Patterns

Pollen diffusates, known to be important in pollen-stigma interactions controlling interspecific incompatibility between Populus deltoides and Populus alba, have been partly characterized and shown to contain more than 20 protein bands by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, at least 4 of these being glycoproteins. Seven fractions had antigenic activity in rabbits and several enzyme activities were also present. Peroxidase and leucine aminopeptidase isoenzymes were detected in the diffusates, demonstrating the extracellular location of these 2 enzymes. Isoenzyme patterns of peroxidase, esterase and acid phosphatase were complex, with some bands common to both species. Localization of acid phosphatase in the intine and esterase in the exine was demonstrated after brief aldehyde fixation and low-temperature embedding in glycol methacrylate. The intine and exine sites were distinguished by their chemical and structural features. Calcofluor white M2R new proved to be an excellent stain for differentiating the intine. Aniline blue-positive material, probably beta-1,3-glucan, is present associated with the intine of many ungerminated as well as germinating grains: production of this material may be a response to damage.

scholarly journals TOXICIDAD DE CINCO EXTRACTOS ACUOSOS BOTÁNICOS SOBRE PANAGRELLUS REDIVIVUS (NEMATODA: PANAGROLAIMIDAE), DAPHNIA MAGNA (CRUSTACEA: DAPHNIIDAE), LEMNA MINOR (ARACEAE) Y RAPHANUS SATIVUS (BRASSICACEAE)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hildebrando Ayala ◽  
José Iannacone ◽  
Lorena Alvariño
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Ruta Graveolens ◽  
Panagrellus Redivivus ◽  
Urtica Urens

El impacto toxicológico de extractos botánicos en el ambiente acuático y terrestre es un área de investigación emergente a nivel global. Cinco extractos botánicos de eucalipto (Eucalyptus globulus, Myrtaceae), ruda (Ruta graveolens, Rutaceae), ortiga (Urtica urens, Urticaceae), muña (Minthostachys mollis, Lamiaceae) e higuerilla (Ricinus communis, Euphorbiaceae) con potencial para el control de plagas fueron evaluados sobre el microgusano de la avena Panagrellus redivivus, la pulga del agua Daphnia magna, la lenteja de agua Lemna minor y el rábano Raphanus sativus en bioensayos toxicológicos bajo condiciones de laboratorio. Daphnia magna en términos de CL a 48 h de exposición 50 fue más sensible a E. globulus y a R. communis. P. redivivus a 96 h de exposición fue más sensible a R. communis. La clorosis de L. minor a 96 h de exposición y la inhibición de la germinación en términos de CE a 96 h de exposición sobre R. sativus fueron más sensibles a R. graveolens. Minthostachys mollis 50 ocasionó la menor toxicidad en los cuatro modelos biológicos. Los extractos botánicos de eucalipto e higuerilla causan una mayor toxicidad en el ambiente acuático y en el ambiente terrestre el extracto acuoso de ruda produjo mayor efecto tóxico.

The chemical composition of poplar wood in relation to the species and the age of trees

2019 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
DONATA KRUTUL ◽  
ANDRZEJ ANTCZAK ◽  
TERESA KŁOSIŃSKA ◽  
ANDRZEJ RADOMSKI ◽  
MICHAŁ DROŻDŻEK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Populus Alba ◽  
Poplar Wood ◽  
Growth Environment

The chemical composition of poplar wood in relation to the species and age of trees. The contents of the following substances: mineral substances, extractives, cellulose, lignin, holocellulose, in wood from fastgrowing poplar species (Populus deltoides x maximowiczii and Populus trichocarpa Torr and A.Gray) aged 2.5, 3, 5 and 7 years were compared to the contents of the abovementioned substances in Populus nigra L. and Populus alba L. wood, aged about 30. According to other publications, the cellulose and lignin contents increase in line with the tree's age. On the other hand, the comparison of cellulose content in studied poplar wood showed that its content did not depend from the species of tree, age and growth environment. Whereas, the content of extractives in poplar wood was dependent from the species of tree and growth environment. The lignin content in Populus deltoides x maximowiczii and Populus trichocarpa wood did not depend from its age and was similar to the lignin content in 30-year-old P. nigra wood. 30-year-old wood of P. nigra and P. alba contained less holocellulose compared to its contents in P. deltoides x maximowiczii and P. trichocarpa wood, regardless of its age.

scholarly journals Influence of Cellulose Characteristics on Pyrolysis Suitability

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1584
Author(s):  
María E. Eugenio ◽  
Mercedes Ruiz-Montoya ◽  
Raquel Martín-Sampredro ◽  
David Ibarra ◽  
Manuel J. Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Crystal Size ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Kinetic Method ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Populus Alba ◽  
Isoconversional Models ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of

Cellulose is the most abundant component of biomass and the one that requires the most activation energy (Ea) for pyrolysis. In this study, the dependence of Ea on the intrinsic cellulose characteristics, such as the degree of polymerization (DP), crystallinity, and crystal size, was studied in different cellulose samples, including samples from Eucalyptus globulus, Ulmus minor, Linun usitatissimum, Olea europaea, Robinia pseudoacacia, and Populus alba. Then, to describe the pyrolytic degradation of cellulose, the Ozawa–Flynn–Wall kinetic method was the most appropriate among the isoconversional models studied. An acceptable quadratic relationship of R2 > 0.9 between the Ea values of the different cellulose samples with their corresponding DP, crystallinity index, and crystal size values was found. Therefore, low crystallinity and low-to-medium crystal size values are desired to obtain lower Ea values for cellulose pyrolysis. On the other hand, DP did not present a clear effect on Ea in the studied DP range.

The chemical composition of poplar wood in relation to the species and age of trees

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
DONATA KRUTUL ◽  
ANDRZEJ ANTCZAK ◽  
TERESA KŁOSIŃSKA ◽  
MICHAŁ DROŻDŻEK ◽  
ANDRZEJ RADOMSKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Populus Alba ◽  
Poplar Wood ◽  
Growth Environment

The chemical composition of poplar wood in relation to the species and age of trees. The contents of the following substances: mineral substances, extractives, cellulose, lignin, holocellulose, in wood from fastgrowing poplar species (Populus deltoides x maximowiczii and Populus trichocarpa Torr and A.Gray) aged 2.5, 3, 5 and 7 years were compared to the contents of the abovementioned substances in Populus nigra L. and Populus alba L. wood, aged about 30. According to other publications, the cellulose and lignin contents increase in parallel with the tree's age. On the other hand, the comparison of cellulose content in poplar wood showed that its content did not depend from the species of tree, age and growth environment. Whereas, the content of extractives in poplar wood was dependent from the species of tree, age and growth environment. The lignin content increased slightly as a tree age, but its content in 7-year-old wood was already similar to the level to be found in the wood at the age of about 30 years. About 30-year-old wood of P. nigra and P. alba contained less holocellulose as compared to its contents in P. deltoides x maximowiczii and P. trichocarpa wood, regardless of its age.

Biological and Surface Properties of C-Type Virus Particles Produced by Novikoff Ascites Hepatoma Cells

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 388-389
Author(s):  
D.C. Hixson ◽  
J.C. Chan ◽  
J.M. Bowen ◽  
E.F. Walborg
Keyword(s):  
Surface Properties ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Viral Envelope ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Sarcoma Virus ◽  
Hepatocarcinoma Cells ◽  
Type C

Several years ago Karasaki (1) reported the production of type C virus particles by Novikoff ascites hepatocarcinoma cells. More recently, Weinstein (2) has reported the presence of type C virus particles in cell cultures derived from transplantable and primary hepatocellular carcinomas. To date, the biological function of these virus and their significance in chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis are unknown. The present studies were initiated to determine a possible role for type C virus particles in chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis. This communication describes results of studies on the biological and surface properties of type C virus associated with Novikoff hepatocarcinoma cells.Ecotropic and xenotropic murine leukemia virus (MuLV) activity in ascitic fluid of Novikoff tumor-bearing rats was assayed in murine sarcoma virus transformed S+L- mouse cells and S+L- mink cells, respectively. The presence of sarcoma virus activity was assayed in non-virus-producing normal rat kidney (NRK) cells. Ferritin conjugates of concanavalin A (Fer-Con wheat germ agglutinin (Fer-WGA), and Ricinus communis agglutinins I and II (Fer-RCAI and Fer-RCAII) were used to probe the structure and topography of saccharide determinants present on the viral envelope.

Lectin Binding to Human Breast Tumor Cells

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Robert E. Nordquist ◽  
J. Hill Anglin ◽  
Michael P. Lerner
Keyword(s):  
Carcinoma Cell ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Lectin Binding ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Breast Carcinoma Cell Line ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Human Breast Tumor ◽  
Duct Carcinoma ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Ricin Agglutinin

A human breast carcinoma cell line (BOT-2) was derived from an infiltrating duct carcinoma (1). These cells were shown to have antigens that selectively bound antibodies from breast cancer patient sera (2). Furthermore, these tumor specific antigens could be removed from the living cells by low frequency sonication and have been partially characterized (3). These proteins have been shown to be around 100,000 MW and contain approximately 6% hexose and hexosamines. However, only the hexosamines appear to be available for lectin binding. This study was designed to use Concanavalin A (Con A) and Ricinus Communis (Ricin) agglutinin for the topagraphical localization of D-mannopyranosyl or glucopyranosyl and D-galactopyranosyl or DN- acetyl glactopyranosyl configurations on BOT-2 cell surfaces.

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