The process of rural electrification in developing countries: systemic analysis based on the understanding of policies of Brazil and China

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Frazão Teixeira ◽  
Davi Gabriel Lopes ◽  
Juan Arturo Castañeda-Ayarza
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Rural Electrification ◽  
Income Generation ◽  
Local Participation ◽  
Systemic Analysis ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Policies And Programs

The present article, based on a systemic approach, analyzed rural electrification policies and programs in China and Brazil, two countries that have already reached 99% of the population receiving electricity in rural areas. This analysis was focused on four macro-factors (governance, funding, implementation and monitoring and technological available), which together collaborated in a positive or negative way for the evolutionary process of rural electrification policy. The study allowed to conclude that a clear priority was given to macro-factors funding (mainly public) and available technologies, which made possible the advances in rural electrification but undermined the reliability of the system and its relationship with local income generation processes. In the case of China local participation (utilities, energy and population) was observed, but with negative points for governance and monitoring. In the Brazilian case, the bottleneck remains the Amazon region, which requires structures based on the macro factors that are dimensioned for the region. Finally, a decision-making framework was set up based on scenarios for rural electrification in developing countries, showing that it is possible to maintain the rural electrification process from the strong funding structures and available technologies, but the deadline for universalization will have no set term if there are no solid structures of governance and management at the local level.

A Roadmap for Rural Electrification in Developing Countries Using MiViPPs (Microutility Virtual Power Plants)

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Pandey ◽  
Manish Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Rural Electrification ◽  
Virtual Power ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Virtual Power Plants

In this paper we present a road-map for rural electrification in developing countries by means of Renewable Energy based MiViPPs (Microutility virtual power plants). First and foremost a feasibility and viability analysis of the various upcoming and alternative renewable energy options is performed with respect to rural environmental constraints and demands. Renewable Energy based DDG’s (Decentralized Distributed Generation Units) offer the potential for affordable, clean electricity with minimal losses and effective maintenance and local cost recovery. But Independent DDG projects are fraught with their own issues mainly stemming from the unreliable and intermittent nature of the generated power and high costs. We propose an alternative approach to rural electrification which involves off grid DDG units operated at the local level taking advantage of feasible renewable energy technologies, which can effectively serve rural areas and reduce the urgency of costly grid extension. In MIVIPP model, a multitude of decentralized units (renewable energy based units and a non-renewable energy based unit for last mile backup) are centrally controlled and managed as part of an interconnected network, resulting into a virtual power plant that can be operated as a distributed power plant large enough to reliably serve all the local electricity demands in a cost effective manner. Finally, by a set of simulation results we establish how an automated MIVIPP (based on an Intelligent Auto Control System) effectively addresses all the issues pertaining to Dispersed DDG units by leveraging the scalability achieved by mutually augmenting the supplies from different Renewable Energy Based DDG units.

scholarly journals Performance of Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic–Diesel Generator and Battery Storage Design for Rural Electrification in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 883-893
Author(s):  
Amanda Halim ◽  
Ahmad Fudholi ◽  
Kamarulzzaman Sopian ◽  
Stephen J. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Technology Selection ◽  
Rural Electrification ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Battery System ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Set Up

In recent years, the concept of hybrid energy systems (HESs) has been widely considered in the rural electrification of isolated or off-grid areas. Many cases have been studied since 2015, and the results indicate that an optimally designed HES is more reliable and economical than single energy source systems. Serving electricity to rural areas which are isolated from the central grid and thus suffer from lack of access requires an appropriate technology selection. In the provision of non-fluctuating electricity to a village on an island located in Mersing, Malaysia, solar energy is perceived to be the best addition to the existing power system that runs with a diesel generator as the main and single source. The area receives 4.46 kWhm−2 of solar radiation per day on average having the hybrid photovoltaic-diesel-battery system set up to supply the energy demand from about 16 households with other public buildings. This paper discusses the feasibility of the proposed system design for rural electrification at Kg Teluk Berhala, Aur Island Mersing, Malaysia and its performance is analysed using HOMER Pro®. A comparative analysis against existing configuration (baseline) and hypothetical configuration was conducted in justifying the hybrid-PV-diesel-battery as the best option for this rural electrification.

Complex facial reconstruction in the developing world

2013 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 254-254
Author(s):  
Mark McGurk ◽  
Fiona McClenaghan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Facial Reconstruction ◽  
Facial Deformity ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Complex Patients ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Uk

Ethiopia is a country of over 91,000,000, making it the second most populous in Africa. doctors are 1 in 36,000 of the population (compared with 1 in 400 in the UK) and 43 per cent are based in the capital, Addis Ababa, which comprises only 5 per cent of the population. As a result, healthcare in rural areas is practically nonexistent. Ethiopia is one of the many developing countries that welcome surgical missions in order to meet the demands of complex patients who would otherwise be unable to access healthcare. In 2001 Project Harar was set up with the aim of funding surgical missions to provide facial reconstruction for children and young people suffering from facial deformity in Ethiopia.

Impact of Elected Women Representatives of Panchayati Raj in Physical and Financial and Business Assets Development of Rural Women: A Study among the Rural Women’s of Tiruvannamalai District, Tamil Nadu[1]

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalaichelvi Sivaraman ◽  
Rengasamy Stalin
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Panchayati Raj

This research paper is the part of Research Project entitled “Impact of Elected Women Representatives in the Life and Livelihood of the Women in Rural Areas: With Special Reference to Tiruvannamalai District, Tamil Nadu” funded by University of Madras under UGC-UPE Scheme.The 73rd and 74th amendments of the Constitution of India were made by the government to strengthen the position of women and to create a local-level legal foundation for direct democracy for women in both rural and urban areas. The representation for women in local bodies through reservation policies amendment in Constitution of India has stimulated the political participation of women in rural areas. However, when it’s comes to the argument of whether the women reservation in Panchayati Raj helps or benefits to the life and livelihood development of women as a group? The answer is hypothetical because the studies related to the impact of women representatives of Panchayati Raj in the life and livelihood development of women was very less. Therefore, to fill the gap in existing literature, the present study was conducted among the rural women of Tiruvannamalai district to assess the impact of elected women representatives in the physical and financial and business development of the women in rural areas. The findings revealed that during the last five years because of the women representation in their village Panjayati Raj, the Physical Asset of the rural women were increased or developed moderately (55.8%) and Highly (23.4%) and the Financial and Business Asset of the rural women were increased or developed moderately (60.4%) and Highly (18.7%).

Relating Household Consumption Expenditures to Road Traffic Fatalities: A Rural–Urban Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110332
Author(s):  
Ruchika Agarwala ◽  
Vinod Vasudevan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Household Expenditure ◽  
Traffic Fatality ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Relationship

Research shows that traffic fatality risk is generally higher in rural areas than in urban areas. In developing countries, vehicle ownership and investments in public transportation typically increase with economic growth. These two factors together increase the vehicle population, which in turn affects traffic safety. This paper presents a study focused on the relationship of various factors—including household consumption expenditure data—with traffic fatality in rural and urban areas and thereby aims to fill some of the gaps in the literature. One such gap is the impacts of personal and non-personal modes of travel on traffic safety in rural versus urban areas in developing countries which remains unexplored. An exhaustive panel data modeling approach is adopted. One important finding of this study is that evidence exists of a contrasting relationship between household expenditure and traffic fatality in rural and urban areas. The relationship between household expenditure and traffic fatality is observed to be positive in rural areas and a negative in urban areas. Increases in most expenditure variables, such as fuel, non-personal modes of travel, and two-wheeler expenditures, are found to be associated with an increase in traffic fatality in rural areas.

scholarly journals Light People: Professor Chennupati Jagadish

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Educational Opportunities ◽  
Research Career ◽  
National University ◽  
Education In India ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Equal Educational Opportunities ◽  
Australian Academy ◽  
Young Researchers

EditorialIn 2018, the Indian film “Starting Line” focused the public’s attention on the issue of education in India. It depicted the length some Indian parents were willing to go to secure educational resources for their children, as well as the difficulties faced by those disadvantaged in society in their fight for equal educational opportunities. In reality, many brilliant young Indian talents have been able to study in Australia through a fund set up by Prof. Chennupati Jagadish, a Distinguished Professor of the Australian National University. Prof. Jagadish is a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science and the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering. In 2018 he was awarded a UNESCO Prize for his contribution to the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology. He holds many positions, and has won numerous awards. What started Prof. Jagadish on his scientific research career? How did he become the respected scientist he is today? What was his intention in setting up the educational fund for students from developing countries? What advice does he have for young researchers? Here are the answers from Prof. Jagadish.

scholarly journals The Extent of Heat on Health and Sustainable Farming in Ghana –Bawku East

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frimpong Kwasi ◽  
Jacque Oosthuizen ◽  
Eddie Van Etten
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Outdoor Work ◽  
Globe Temperature

<p>Little is known about the health effects of heat in outdoor work and appropriate work and rest schedules for farmers working in developing countries. As temperatures continue to increase in tropical regions, such as Northern Ghana, it is necessary to evaluate how farmers experience and respond to high heat exposures. In this study, WBGT (Wet Bulb Globe Temperature) estimates and the ISO work / rest standards were applied to a cohort of farmers in the rural areas of Bawku East, Northern Ghana, to assess how farmers respond to high heat and how much they rest to protect their health, as well as the level of heat on their productivity. WBGT data was recorded over a period of 6 months among vegetable, cereals, and legume farmers. The ISO proposed and actual rest regimes observed by farmers in the same time period were evaluated. In the dry season the dry bulb temperature rose as high as 45 ºC, while during the humid months of March and April WBGT rose to levels as high as 34 ºC. Farmers worked for nine hours a day during these hot periods with insufficient rest, which has adverse consequences on their health and productivity.</p>

The awakening information needs of the developing countries

1979 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjorn V. Tell
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Information Services ◽  
Information Network ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Online Systems ◽  
The Awakening ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Centres Of Excellence

The developing countries arc emulating the industrialized countries when setting up information services to cater for their information needs. However, the traditional infrastruc ture of service organisations may not be the best model for supporting easy and speedy access to information. A different approach is argued, founded upon the enthusiasm with which many developing countries have taken to online systems when demonstrated there. A model for a ministerial information network is proposed as part of a "social intel ligence function" of the country. It is proposed that Unesco and UNIDO should set up regional "centres of excellence" according to this model for developing countries.

Effect of Digital Pedagogy in Ierventions in Rural Areas

2021 ◽  
pp. 227-240
Author(s):  
Sona Ahuja ◽  
Diksha Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Learning System ◽  
School Students ◽  
Digital Pedagogy ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Teaching Learning

The present study provides a description of the model of interactive digital pedagogy for remote areas and its impact on pedagogical satisfaction and academic achievement of students. This pedagogical intervention was designed to enrich and supplement the teaching-learning experience in remote and underprivileged schools through the use of technology. An interactive online teaching-learning system was set-up using a digital pedagogy. 150 school students and 80 prospective teachers from three higher secondary schools of Madhya Pradesh and Tamil Nadu participated in the study. Pedagogical satisfaction and academic achievement of the school students who studied in this set-up were examined. The results revealed that active learning, technological competence and learner autonomy were enhanced in an online environment when compared to an offline environment.

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