scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Sorry for and Sorry about in Two Corpora

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Namkil Kang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Major Point ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Academic Genres ◽  
Academic Genre

The ultimate goal of this paper is to provide a comparative analysis of Sorry for and Sorry about in the COCA and BNC. When it comes to the COCA, it is interesting to point out that the types Sorry for and Sorry about show the same pattern in the TV/movie and fiction genres and the academic genre, whereas they show a different pattern in the blog, web, magazine, newspaper genres and the spoken genre. With respect to the BNC, it is significant to note that Sorry for and Sorry about show the same pattern in the fiction genre and the spoken genre, whereas they show a different pattern in the newspaper and magazine genres and the misc, non-academic and academic genres. It can thus be inferred that these two types are synonymously used, but they are slightly different from each other in their use. A major point to note that in the COCA, Sorry for is the furthest type from Sorry about in the TV/movie genre, whereas Sorry for is the nearest type to Sorry about in the academic genre. A further point to note is that in the BNC, Sorry for is the furthest type from Sorry about in the spoken genre, whereas Sorry for is the nearest type to Sorry about in the academic genre. The COCA clearly shows that Sorry for people is the most preferable one for Americans, followed by Sorry for Mr., Sorry for me, and Sorry for Mrs., in that order. The COCA shows, on the other hand, that Sorry about dinner is the most preferable one for Americans, followed by Sorry about lunch, Sorry about Mr., Sorry about agent, and Sorry about that, in descending order. The COCA clearly indicates that the expression Sorry for being is the most preferable one among Americans, followed by Sorry for interrupting, Sorry for having, Sorry for getting, and Sorry for making, in descending order. The COCA also shows that the expression Sorry about being is the most preferable one for Americans, followed by Sorry about getting, Sorry about calling, and Sorry about leaving (Sorry about having), in that order. It is worth noting that only two nouns (Mr. and things) can be the collocations of both Sorry about and Sorry for. It is also worth pointing out that eleven of thirteen seven gerunds are linked to both Sorry about and Sorry for. This in turn suggests that Sorry about and Sorry for are interchangeably used, but they are somewhat different from each other in their use.

A Corpora-Based Analysis of Rely on and Depend on

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
Namkil Kang
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
American English ◽  
The Other ◽  
Information State ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
National Corpus

The ultimate goal of this paper is to provide a comparative analysis of rely on and depend on in the Corpus of Contemporary American English and the British National Corpus. The COCA clearly shows that the expression rely on government is the most preferred by Americans, followed by rely on people, and rely on data. The COCA further indicates that the expression depend on slate is the most preferred by Americans, followed by depend on government, and depend on people. The BNC shows, on the other hand, that the expression rely on others is the most preferred by the British, followed by rely on people, and rely on friends. The BNC further indicates that depend on factors and depend on others are the most preferred by the British, followed by depend on age, and depend on food. Finally, in the COCA, the nouns government, luck, welfare, people, information, state, fossil, water, family, oil, food, and things are linked to both rely on and depend on, but many nouns are not still linked to both of them. On the other hand, in the BNC, only the nouns state, chance, government, and others are linked to both rely on and depend on, but many nouns are not still linked to both rely on and depend on. It can thus be inferred from this that rely on is slightly different from depend on in its use.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis: to and ni as case particles in Japanese

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-114
Author(s):  
Ngurah Indra Pradhana ◽  
I Gede Oeinada
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Japanese Case ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Case Particles ◽  
Distributional Method ◽  
Advanced Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

This study focuses on particles To and Ni as case particles that function to express the relationship between nouns and predicates in a sentence focusing on the comparative analysis of the two case particles. Based on Tsujimura's opinion, it can be said that in Japanese, case particles are part of a phrase. Case particle is related to the function of the words in the sentence. The method used to analyze the data is Agih method (distributional method). Advanced analysis techniques with substitution techniques were applied in this study. This technique is used to study a case particle in the Japanese sentence structure. This research produces several things that are expected to be helpful to readers. To and Ni case particles can replace each other for the context of sentences that have the following meanings: Pairs Meaning, Translative Meaning, Accusative Meaning, and Ablative Meaning. But on the other hand, To and Ni as case particles can not substitution each other. Especially sentences with the following meanings:  accusative meaning, commitative meaning, partner meaning, citation meaning, alatif meaning, purpose meaning, time markers meaning, diathesis on passive sentences, diathesis on causative sentences, dative meaning, and locative meaning.

scholarly journals Similarities and differences between segetal flora of Siedlce and arable lands of the Siedlce Upland

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-165
Author(s):  
Janina Skrzyczyńska ◽  
Jolanta Marcinik
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Helianthus Tuberosus ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Urban Flora ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The City ◽  
Nigella Damascena ◽  
Segetal Flora

Attempt of comparative analysis of the segetal flora of Siedlce City with similar flora of areas of arable lands of the Siedlce Upland is presented in the paper. Received results show the larger value for urban flora of apophitysm coefficient - 63,3% (61% for Upland), flora modernization - 0,52 (0,42 for Upland) and flora lability - 19 (15 for Upland). On the other hand segetal flora of the Siedlce Upland is characterised by larger synanthropization coefficient - 104 (93 for the city). As to other differences, considerable larger participation of perennial species in the flora of the city (45,5% Siedlce; 37,1% Upland) is noteworthy. Moreover the occurrence of juvenile forms of arborescent species and plants running wild from gardens and parks, e.g.: <i>Mathiola incana, Aesculus hippocastanus, Sedum reflexum, Nigella damascena, Helianthus tuberosus</i> among species weeding urban cultivation is clearly noticeable.

Comparative Analysis of Major Issues Involved in IPR and Competition Policy

2013 ◽  
pp. 172-185
Author(s):  
Nisha Dhanraj ◽  
Mamta Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Economic Rationale ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Restrictive Trade ◽  
Competition Laws

As IPR and competition laws share the same economic rationale, they both are crucial for the establishment of competitive and innovative market conditions. On the other hand, these two regimes are conflicting to each other, IP grants monopoly, whereas competition laws seek to undo monopolistic and restrictive trade practices. Therefore, focus has been shifted towards how these two separate regimes are complementary and conflicting to each other through their goals, how competition policy is effective on IPRs, and IPRs on competition policy. IPRs granted by patents, copyrights, and trademarks, etc. play an important role in fostering innovation and sustaining economic growth.

Specific Performance: A Comparative Analysis (2)

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-217
Author(s):  
Shael Herman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Final Section ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Specific Performance ◽  
The Usa ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
Anglo American

The first part of this article appeared in the first issue of this volume of the Edinburgh Law Review. The article explores the regulation of specific performance of sales by reference to Spain and the USA and speculates on the interaction of these municipal laws with the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG). The first part compared Spanish and United States approaches to specific performance. In this second part the CISG's approach to specific performance is examined with the goal of inquiring, on one hand, whether the drafters have successfully accounted for both Anglo-American and Romano-Germanic preferences, or, on the other hand, whether the CISG's synthesis of the preferences is faulty and manifests incompatible goals that may be difficult to harmonise. Recent US decisions on specific performance under the CISG are discussed as well as some of the assumptions underlying the reasoning processes of US courts in commercial cases. The final section speculates on reasons for the intensity of the rivalry between proponents of specific performance as a primary remedy and those favouring damages as a primary remedy.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF ENGLISH HEADLINES AND THEIR TRANSLATION INTO RUSSIAN

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
Елена Николаевна Мозжегорова ◽  
Елена Николаевна Засецкова
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
English Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Настоящая статья посвящена исследованию проблемы перевода англоязычного заголовка на русский язык с целью выявления его особенностей и привлекаемых переводческих приемов. Авторами подчеркивается актуальность проведенного исследования ввиду растущей потребности быстрого и качественного перевода публицистических текстов и собственно заголовков как ключевого элемента публикации. В работе приводятся определения понятия «заголовок»; выделяются его функции; подчеркивается противоречивый характер заголовка: он может выступать как самостоятельная речевая единица и как равноправный элемент произведения; раскрываются особенности англоязычного заголовка, а также особенности газетно-информационного стиля современного английского языка. Авторы подробно рассматривают переводческие трансформации, привлекаемые для перевода англоязычных заголовков на русский язык, на примере заголовков периодических изданий Великобритании и США. На основе сравнительно-сопоставительного анализа текстов оригинала и перевода авторам удалось выявить лексические, грамматические и стилистические особенности, используемые в англоязычных газетных изданиях. В статье отмечается ключевая роль заголовка в произведении, а также факт особой ответственности в части перевода данного элемента произведения, поскольку именно корректно составленный и переведенный заголовок обеспечивает привлекательность и конкурентоспособность публикации в целом. The article is devoted to the problem of translation of English headlines into Russian to identify headline peculiarities and employed translation shifts. The authors stress the relevance of the conducted study due to the growing need for quick and high quality translation of social-political texts and headlines playing a key role in them. The paper provides a number of definitions for the term «headline»; points out the functions of the headline; stresses the controversial character of the headline: on the one hand, it is an independent speech unit, and on the other hand, it can be treated as an equal element of a text; identifies the peculiarities of English headlines as well as the peculiarities of the newspaper style of the modern English language. The authors look into the translation transformations employed when translating English headlines into Russian as exemplified by the British and American periodicals. Basing on the comparative analysis of the source texts and translations, the authors managed to identify some lexical, grammar, and stylistic peculiarities employed in the English newspapers. The article also notes the key role of the headline and the significance of its translation since it is a correctly composed and then translated headline which provides the attractiveness and competitiveness of a published work.

scholarly journals Udmurt woman headwear ayshon in descriptions and graphics of the XVI–XVIII centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 728-738
Author(s):  
E. E. Nechvaloda ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Source Studies ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

Introduction: the article is devoted to the analysis of the early sources on the Udmurt ancient woman headwear. The chronological framework of the study is limited, on the one hand, by the very first confirmation of the ayshon (XVI century), and on the other hand, by the era of the first expeditions in Russia (XVIII century), which laid the foundation for future ethnographic research. Objective: to determine the degree of reliability and informativity of descriptions and images of the Udmurt headwear of the XVI–XVIII centuries. Research materials: works of travelers of the XVI–XVIII centuries, containing data about ayshon. Results and novelty of the research: the article provides a comparative analysis of materials about ayshon in the sources of the XVI–XVIII centuries. Texts, engravings with texts, and early sources with ethnographic materials of the end of the XIX – beginning XX centuries are compared. For the first time, all original graphic images and descriptions of this headwear related to the specified time period are published together. The characteristics of the ayshon in the descriptions generally correspond to each other, as well as its known images and later ethnographic data. The materials of the article can be used in ethnographic and source studies.

scholarly journals Treatment of names in Zambia and Estonia: A comparative analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-247
Author(s):  
Osward Chanda ◽  
Peeter Päll
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Place Names ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Colonial Experience ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
Estonian Language

Names constitute a key component of the cultural heritage of any region. Though geographically, culturally and linguistically apart, Estonia and Zambia share some elements and motivations in naming. Zambia’s British colonial experience and Estonia’s Danish, German, Polish, Swedish and Russian/ Soviet influence in the past made significant changes to personal and place names in both regions. Following independence, both states made strides in the indigenisation of names for promoting local heritage and national identity. Zambia predominantly focused on changing the names of some towns, and of the country (from Northern Rhodesia to Zambia). On the other hand, the Estonian onomastic experience has been more comprehensive – regulating both personal and place names, enacting corresponding laws and maintaining the Institute of the Estonian Language to oversee language and name planning, among other responsibilities. Kokkuvõte. Osward Chanda ja Peeter Päll: Nimekorraldus Sambias ja Eestis: võrdlev analüüs. Artikkel vaatleb Sambia ja Eesti nimesituatsiooni erinevusi ja sarnasusi. Sambia on mitmekeelne maa, ametikeel on inglise; Eesti on ametlikult ükskeelne maa, praktikas käibivad eesti keele kõrval ka vene ja inglise keel. Sambia isikunimedes on perekonnanimed valdavalt kohalikku päritolu, eesnimed enamjaolt euroopalikud; kohanimed on valdavalt ühekordsed. Sambias ei ole erinevalt Eestist nimeseadusi isiku- ja kohanimede reguleerimiseks. Ühine on mõlema maa puhul asjaolu, et ajaloos on varem domineerinud võõrvõimud, mis on jätnud jälje nimepilti. Kui proovida sõnastada universaalseid nimekorralduspõhimõtteid, siis võiksid need olla 1) nimede kui kultuuripärandi kaitse; 2) kohalike nimekujude eelistamine; 3) nimede keeleline korrektsus, 4) oma kultuuriidentiteedi hoidmine, 5) nimede pragmaatiliste aspektide (eristatavus, nimeinfo kättesaadavus jm) arvestamine.

scholarly journals A comparative analysis of the financial liberalization in Turkey and Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-224
Author(s):  
Gover Tugrul
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Capital Flows ◽  
Financial Integration ◽  
Financial Liberalization ◽  
Capital Controls ◽  
The Other ◽  
Capital Account ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Capital Outflows ◽  
The One

The objective of this study is to explain the financial liberalization processes in Turkey and Brazil, to analyze the external financial liberalization processes and the financial integration indices and to compare the developments in the financial integration indices of Turkey and Brazil during the period 1980-2013. Our analysis revealed that, on the one hand, Brazil has continued its external liberalization process since the 1990s, but on the other hand, Brazil used two main tools to manage the capital flows, namely, capital controls and liberalization of capital outflows. In contrast, Turkey did not employ these tools following liberalization of the capital account.

scholarly journals Sentence Length and NP Complexity of General and Medical Written Academic and Media Texts. An Analysis Using a Trained Syntactic Parser.

10.29007/gr8r ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Herrero Zorita ◽  
Antonio Moreno-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Sentence Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Media Texts ◽  
Written Sources

The main objective of this work is to perform a comparative analysis of sentence and main noun phrases complexity in two different types of discourses, written media and academic prose, using a trained syntactic parser (Stanford PCFG Parser). For this purpose, we have selected three written sources: a general media corpus, a medical media subcorpus and a medical academic prose subcorpus. From a total of more than 160000 sentences, we have carefully selected as the study sample a total of 300, which have been morphologically and syntactically annotated.Influenced by other studies related to syntax and statistics, our hypothesis is that NPs from academic prose and written media will contain four or more words, and those belonging to academic prose will be larger than the latter. The NPs studied are those that perform the main functions of the clause: subject, object (direct and indirect), attribute and time expressions. The results show a confirmation of our hypothesis. The academic subcorpus has the longest sentences and more complex NPs than the other texts. On the other hand, written media corpora achieve smaller NPs but their results are quite similar.

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