scholarly journals Treatment of names in Zambia and Estonia: A comparative analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-247
Author(s):  
Osward Chanda ◽  
Peeter Päll
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Place Names ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Colonial Experience ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
Estonian Language

Names constitute a key component of the cultural heritage of any region. Though geographically, culturally and linguistically apart, Estonia and Zambia share some elements and motivations in naming. Zambia’s British colonial experience and Estonia’s Danish, German, Polish, Swedish and Russian/ Soviet influence in the past made significant changes to personal and place names in both regions. Following independence, both states made strides in the indigenisation of names for promoting local heritage and national identity. Zambia predominantly focused on changing the names of some towns, and of the country (from Northern Rhodesia to Zambia). On the other hand, the Estonian onomastic experience has been more comprehensive – regulating both personal and place names, enacting corresponding laws and maintaining the Institute of the Estonian Language to oversee language and name planning, among other responsibilities. Kokkuvõte. Osward Chanda ja Peeter Päll: Nimekorraldus Sambias ja Eestis: võrdlev analüüs. Artikkel vaatleb Sambia ja Eesti nimesituatsiooni erinevusi ja sarnasusi. Sambia on mitmekeelne maa, ametikeel on inglise; Eesti on ametlikult ükskeelne maa, praktikas käibivad eesti keele kõrval ka vene ja inglise keel. Sambia isikunimedes on perekonnanimed valdavalt kohalikku päritolu, eesnimed enamjaolt euroopalikud; kohanimed on valdavalt ühekordsed. Sambias ei ole erinevalt Eestist nimeseadusi isiku- ja kohanimede reguleerimiseks. Ühine on mõlema maa puhul asjaolu, et ajaloos on varem domineerinud võõrvõimud, mis on jätnud jälje nimepilti. Kui proovida sõnastada universaalseid nimekorralduspõhimõtteid, siis võiksid need olla 1) nimede kui kultuuripärandi kaitse; 2) kohalike nimekujude eelistamine; 3) nimede keeleline korrektsus, 4) oma kultuuriidentiteedi hoidmine, 5) nimede pragmaatiliste aspektide (eristatavus, nimeinfo kättesaadavus jm) arvestamine.

Faustus. The mythical memory

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-89
Author(s):  
Józsa István
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
German Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Preliminary Work ◽  
Literary Heritage

The figure and story of Faustus is part of the European cultural heritage, and as it usually, even inevitably happens with legends, it lives further in the adaptations of later periods and authors . It is mainly linked to Goethe’s name, his figure became well known and immortal in his works. Ever since Goethe, all authors – who respect themselves – in German literature must write a new Faustus, while in other nation’s literatures newer and newer paraphrases were born, which on their turn gave rise to further adaptations, and the scientific, aesthetic etc. literature also has gotten richer. However the canonized, more precisely, classicisized framework of interpretation is not transgressed by any of the newer writers and poets of the past centuries, moreover it is only the form of the legend that is rewritten – naturally with the aim of modernization. All of that as part of the literary heritage. As far as the problem of original sources is concerned: what can be regarded as a source and what is adaptation, which are the works that motivated writers, are just a matter of the preliminary work of the interpretation. On the other hand the problem that within the ancient, mythical tradition there is an original, ancient Faustus legend, does not raise any attention as that is “mere raw material”. The truth is ... that the beginning that has been preliminarily, yet directly definitory for centuries, is that original force that is given in the topic and thus it is difficult to bring it to the surface, preferably independently from the heritage that was built upon it. As far as the time dimension is concerned, we are searching in an undefineable, open past, moreover it is most probable that the legend itself is not entirely original, so to say, but it is the adaptation of a more ancient idea or topic. And by this its symbolism and hidden semantics lose their European characteristics.

scholarly journals Identity and Conflict: Cultural Heritage, Reconstruction and National Identity in Kosovo

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Françoise Morel
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
The Other ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Hundredth Anniversary ◽  
The Past ◽  
Slobodan Milosevic

The year 1989 marked the six hundredth anniversary of the defeat of the Christian Prince of Serbia, Lazard I, at the hands of the Ottoman Empire in the “Valley of the Blackbirds,” Kosovo. On June 28, 1989, the very day of the battle’s anniversary, thousands of Serbs gathered on the presumed historic battle field bearing nationalistic symbols and honoring the Serbian martyrs buried in Orthodox churches across the territory. They were there to hear a speech delivered by Slobodan Milosevic in which the then-president of the Socialist Republic of Serbia revived Lazard’s mythic battle and martyrdom. It was a symbolic act aimed at establishing a version of history that saw Kosovo as part of the Serbian nation. It marked the commencement of a violent process of subjugation that culminated in genocide. Fully integrated into the complex web of tragic violence that was to ensue was the targeting and destruction of the region’s architectural and cultural heritage. As with the peoples of the region, this heritage crossed geopolitical “boundaries.” Through the fluctuations of history, Kosovo’s heritage had already become subject to divergent temporal, geographical, physical and even symbolical forces. During the war it was to become a focal point of clashes between these forces and, as Anthony D. Smith argues with regard to cultural heritage more generally, it would be seen as “a legacy belonging to the past of ‘the other,’” which, in times of conflict, opponents try “to damage or even deny.” Today, the scars of this conflict, its damage and its denial are still evident. However, there are initiatives that are now seeking to use heritage – architectural and otherwise – as a way of fostering respect and dialogue between the cultures still reeling from the effects of the conflict. Having been seen as an originating factor in the conflict and made into a target for attack during the war, heritage is now seen as a facilitator for peacekeeping. As is to be expected, this is a complex, polemic, fraught and contested process.

scholarly journals Fotogrametria, polityka i przedsiębiorczość a inwentaryzacja zabytków. Albrecht Meydenbauer w Poznańskiem w roku 1885 i 1887

2019 ◽  
pp. 349-380
Author(s):  
Ewelina Wojdak
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Generative Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Discourse ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Implementation Of Innovations

A standard belief as regards the conservation of architectural monuments in the 19thcentury is that the very idea of conservation was commonly accepted, while the monuments of the past were used to promote national identity. On the other hand, photography is also commonly considered a technology that was naturally predisposed to popularize those monuments and/or appropriate them as symbols. For those reasons, the photogrammetric documentation of some buildings from the region of Poznań, made by Albrecht Meydenbauer commissioned to do it by the Prussian government, could be classified as combination of conservation and nationalism, “typical” of the late 19thcentury. However, the author proposes another interpretation and claims that such events were not necessarily “realizations” of “widespread” ideas of identity building. Referring to the generative model of identity building developed by Friedrik Barth, she analyzes how specific situations and meanings were gradually generated through the interaction of actors who attempted to reach their goals and values by available means. The introduction and popularization of Meydenbauer’s invention is presented in the paper with reference to Bruno Latour’s research on the development and implementation of innovations in science. In such a context, photogrammetry turns out to have been a result of seeking support by business, i.e. the mobilization of resources, while the national discourse was used for that purpose as one of the available means.

scholarly journals Dual naming as a mechanism to recognize multiple identities; Casablanca or Ad-Dār al-Bayḍā

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Malak Alasli ◽  
Gábor Gercsák
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Multiple Identities ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Accurate Representation ◽  
Language Difference ◽  
Other Hand

Abstract. The primary aim of place names is to provide clear direction and reference in order to distinguish geographical entities. The Moroccan linguistic situation allows for a bilingual presentation of place names, with an Arabized version and a French counterpart that differs phonetically. On the other hand, Casablanca has dual naming, a colonial name, and an Arabic variant, which is not simply a translation that happened as a result of Arabization policies introduced after the country's independence. This study relies mainly on questionnaires, in addition to interviews, in an attempt to address the following aspects: The attitude towards the standardization of only one variant, variants and the city's cultural heritage and significance, standardization of only one variant and the accurate representation of the place, dual naming as a reminder of the multiple place histories vs. dual naming as a mere case of the language difference, and Moroccans and the etymology of the variants. The findings indicate that Casablanca shifts from a mere marker of the colonial period to an active maker of the city's heritage. Its meaning is disconnected from its historical anchorage and converted into an instrument of identity and means of historical memory. Moreover, the choice of one variant is perceived as a loss of toponymic identity, which will serve as a hindrance against the population and their relation to their past.

Russia: Colonial, anticolonial, postcolonial Empire?

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-263
Author(s):  
Maxim Khomyakov
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Internal Colonialism ◽  
Social Imaginaries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Colonial Experience ◽  
The One ◽  
Soviet Experience ◽  
Internal Colonization

This article is devoted to the discussion of Russian colonial and anti-colonial social imaginaries. It starts by delving into the definitions of colony and colonization, and proceeds to the analysis of the colonial experience of the Russian continental Empire. The internal colonization thesis is also analyzed in the context of the imperial reality. The complex Soviet experience is understood as, on the one hand, a radical break with the past, through decolonization and anti-colonialism. The author, on the other hand, agrees with those who claim that Stalinism can also be understood in terms of an internal colonialism theory. This article, however, emphasizes the metaphoric nature of the internal colonialism arguments. In conclusion, the author describes different features of Russian colonial/anti-colonial experience as aspects of what he calls the modernity of control and what he describes as the dominance of the rational mastery discourses over imaginary signification of autonomy.

scholarly journals National Identity in Israel History Lessons

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Hieronymus Purwanta
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
The Other ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

This study explores the relationship between national identity and history lessons in Israel as a means of nation-building. The problems raised are: (1) What is the construction of Israel's national identity? (2) How has national identity discoursed on nation-building projects? The historical method with a nationalistic approach developed by Ernest Renan and Anthony D. Smith is used as a research and analysis framework. Renan explained that nationalism is a combination of the struggles of the ancestors in the past and the desire to unite in the present. On the other hand, Smith formulated nationalism in three main elements: national integration, national autonomy, and national identity. The results of the study show that Israel's national identity rests primarily on Zionism and the Holocaust. Therefore, the subject matter of history primarily discusses the efforts of the Israeli people to return to Palestine as an ideal place to build the nation. On the other hand, the Nazi/Hitler massacre in Germany, known as the Holocaust, was seen as the pinnacle of suffering for the Jewish community in exile.

scholarly journals Public Use of Rare Archives and Valuable Library Documents

Atlanti ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-232
Author(s):  
Jozef Hanus ◽  
Emília Hanusová
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Digital Conversion ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
Physical Degradation ◽  
Possible Cause

Digital conversion of cultural artefacts of all kinds has advanced rapidly in the past few years. People can explore many of the most known and popular artworks, artefacts, books, videos and sounds, etc. from all over the world via the Internet from the comfort of their living rooms. Despite this fact the exhibition of rare archival and valuable library documents still remains one of the most popular and significant way of presentation of this cultural heritage type to the broad public. On the other hand the exhibitions represent also the most possible cause and risk of their physical degradation if the climatic, handling and safety conditions during the exhibition are not properly adjusted and kept. Also the unsuitable conditions of their transport to and from the place of exhibition raise possibilities for their physical damage. The paper presents the main causes of possible damage and degradation of documents as well as some preservation precautions applied in order to minimise risk of their damage.

scholarly journals Ugandan Literature: the Questions of Identity, Voice and Context

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Christine Evain ◽  
Hilda Twongyeirwe ◽  
Mercy Mirembe Ntangaare ◽  
Spencer Hawkridge
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Publishing Industry ◽  
Book Publishing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Book Publishing Industry ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Book Fairs ◽  
Business Enterprises ◽  
Literary Awards

In this article, the authors attempt to describe the character of the Ugandan book focusing especially on the ways the literature is impacted and or impacts the country’s identity, voice, and future. Sometimes, common themes that appear in the literature have come to crystalize national identity in spite of the complex issues generated by years of colonialism and neo-colonialism. Today more than before more Ugandans are able to read. The challenge, however, is that this readership seems to have conspired with the book publishing industry who thrive as business enterprises at the expense of building a national identity and voice, literary health, or cultural heritage. Where then and how can the critical voices grow or multiply? What contexts will grow the Ugandan book? How insoluble are the indigenous publishers? On the other hand, the book chain has been boosted by efforts some of them international like the literary awards and prizes, residences and book fairs. Hitherto ignored constituents like the women and indigenous publishers are also now on board. It is hoped these budding efforts will continue to grow, flourish, and consolidate the Ugandan book character.

‘Newness which never perishes’? Schoenberg’s ambivalent reception of Haydn

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 215-224
Author(s):  
Alexander Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Musical Style ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Future ◽  
Music Tradition

This paper explores Arnold Schoenberg’s curious ambivalence towards Haydn. Schoenberg recognized Haydn as an important figure in the German serious music tradition, but never closely examined or clearly articulated Haydn’s influence and import on his own musical style and ethos, as he did with many other major composers. This paper argues that Schoenberg failed to explicitly recognize Haydn as a major influence because he saw Haydn as he saw himself, namely as a somewhat ungainly, paradoxical figure, with one foot in the past and one in the future. In his voluminous writings on music, Haydn is mentioned by Schoenberg far less frequently than Bach, Mozart, or Beethoven, and his music appears rarely as examples in Schoenberg’s theoretical texts. When Schoenberg does talk about Haydn’s music, he invokes — with tacit negativity — its accessibility, counterpoising it with more recondite music, such as Beethoven’s, or his own. On the other hand, Schoenberg also praises Haydn for his complex, irregular phrasing and harmonic exploration. Haydn thus appears in Schoenberg’s writings as a figure invested with ambivalence: a key member of the First Viennese triumvirate, but at the same time he is curiously phantasmal, and is accorded a peripheral place in Schoenberg’s version of the canon and his own musical genealogy.

Economic Performance and Public Finance in Kenya, 1960-2010

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kempe Ronald Hope
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Emerging Economy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Government Investment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Private Savings ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Real Growth

Countries with positive per capita real growth are characterised by positive national savings—including government savings, increases in government investment, and strong increases in private savings and investment. On the other hand, countries with negative per capita real growth tend to be characterised by declines in savings and investment. During the past several decades, Kenya’s emerging economy has undergone many changes and economic performance has been epitomised by periods of stability, decline, or unevenness. This article discusses and analyses the record of economic performance and public finance in Kenya during the period 1960‒2010, as well as policies and other factors that have influenced that record in this emerging economy. 

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