scholarly journals Actividad Física y sedentarismo: Repercusiones sobre la salud y calidad de vida de las personas mayores (Physical activity and sedentary lifestyle: Impact on health and quality of life of older people)

Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 126-129
Author(s):  
Francisco Salinas Martínez ◽  
Armando Cocca ◽  
Kamal Mohamed ◽  
Jesús Viciana Ramírez

Realizamos un análisis del estado actual de las personas mayores en relación con la actividad física y el sedentarismo, éste último aspecto convertido en la actualidad como una de las principales fuentes de amenaza para la salud pública de los países europeos y americanos. Damos a conocer los efectos negativos de la inactividad física sobre los parámetros cardiovasculares, diabetes, depresión y cáncer, entre otros. Mostramos los beneficios de la actividad física (herramienta clave para solucionar los problemas propios del sedentarismo) para la salud de este colectivo de la población; al tiempo que estudiamos las razones por las que las personas mayores acuden a los programas de actividad física. Finalmente, aportamos una serie de conclusiones.Palabras clave: Actividad Física. Calidad de Vida. Personas mayores. Salud. Sedentarismo.Abstract: We analyzed the current status of the elderly in relation to physical activity and sedentary, the latter now become a major source of threat to public health in the European and American countries. We report the negative effects of physical inactivity on cardiovascular parameters, diabetes, depression and cancer, among others. We show the benefits of physical activity (a key tool to solve the problems of the sedentary lifestyle) for the health of this group of the population while we study the reasons why older people attend physical activity programs. Finally, we provide a number of conclusions. Keywords: Physical Activity. Quality of Life. Elderly. Health. Sedentary.

Author(s):  
Celia Maria Francisco ◽  
Marcia Abrantes Pinheiro

Os espaços de Convivência para o idoso no Brasil, destina-se ao segmento às pessoas com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos em situação de vulnerabilidade, risco pessoal e social. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi conhecer os benefícios e as estratégias utilizadas nos Núcleos e Centros de Convivência para idosos. Foi realizada revisão integrativa nas bases SCIELO e LILACS. Para tal foi utilizado os descritores Convivência; Idoso, Isolamento. Os resultados demonstram que os idosos participantes de centro de convivência apresentam melhor equilíbrio, mobilidade funcional e qualidade de vida quando comparados aqueles que não frequentam o espaço. Conclui-se que os espaços de convivência não seja apenas um local para atividade física, lazer, diversão e prevenção a doenças associadas ao processo do envelhecimento, mas sim, um ambiente que contribui para o autonomia, independência e inclusão social da pessoa idosa.Descritores: Convivência, Idoso, Isolamento. Spaces of coexistence for elderly: benefits and strategiesAbstract: The retirement communities in Brazil, are aimed at the segment of people aged 60 or over in a situation of vulnerability, personal and social risk. Thus, the objective of the study was to know the benefits and strategies used in this retirement communities. An integrative review was carried out at the SCIELO and LILACS databases. To this end, the descriptors were used Coexistence; Old, Isolation. The results show that elderly people living in retirement communities have better balance, functional mobility and quality of life when compared to those who do not attend the space. It is concluded that the living spaces are not only a place for physical activity, leisure, fun and prevention of diseases associated with the aging process, but rather an environment that contributes to the autonomy, independence and social inclusion of the elderly person.Descriptors: Coexistence, Old, Isolation. Espacios de convivencia para anciano: beneficios y estrategiasResumen: Los espacios de Convivencia para el anciano en Brasil, se destina al segmento a las personas con edad igual o superior a 60 años en situación de vulnerabilidad, riesgo personal y social. Así, el objetivo del estudio fue conocer los beneficios y las estrategias utilizadas en los Núcleos y Centros de Convivencia para ancianos. Se realizó una revisión integrativa en las bases SCIELO y LILACS. Para ello se utilizaron los descriptores Convivencia; Ancianos, Aislamiento. Los resultados demuestran que los ancianos participantes de centro de convivencia presentan mejor equilibrio, movilidad funcional y calidad de vida cuando comparados aquellos que no frecuentan el espacio. Se concluye que los espacios de convivencia no son sólo un lugar para la actividad física, el ocio, la diversión y la prevención de las enfermedades asociadas al proceso del envejecimiento, sino un entorno que contribuye a la autonomía, independencia e inclusión social de la persona de edad.Descriptores: Convivencia, Ancianos, Aislamiento.


2018 ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Pilar Moreno-Crespo ◽  
Esther Prieto-Jiménez ◽  
Mª Victoria Pérez-de-Guzmán

Resumen: El objetivo de este artículo es ofrecer una introducción sobre el proceso de envejecimiento, aclarar las diversas concepciones y teorías desde las que podemos abordar el análisis del envejecimiento, estudiar los conceptos de calidad de vida y envejecimiento activo, así como la relación que se mantiene entre calidad de vida, envejecimiento activo y educación permanente. En este sentido profundizamos en los programas universitarios para personas mayores como ejemplo práctico de intervención socioeducativa orientada al envejecimiento activo. Igualmente analizamos el caso concreto del Aula Abierta de Mayores de la Universidad Pablo de Olavide. Dicho programa consta de la versatilidad suficiente para adaptarse a las necesidades socioeducativas de los adultos mayores que son protagonistas de su propio aprendizaje. Se crean espacios de aprendizaje y vivencias, que propician las relaciones intergeneracionales.Abstract: The objective of this article is to offer an introduction about the aging process, to clarify the different conceptions, theories and ages from which we can approach the analysis of aging, to study the concepts of quality of life and active aging, as well as the relation that is maintained between quality of life, active aging and lifelong learning. In this sense, we deepen the university programs for older people as a practical example of socio-educational intervention oriented to active aging. We also analyze the specific case of the Elderly’s Open Room of the Pablo de Olavide University. This program has the versatility enough to adapt to the socio-educational needs of the elderly who are protagonists of their own learning. They create spaces of learning and experiences, which foster intergenerational relationships.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5968
Author(s):  
Helena Andrade Figueira ◽  
Olivia Andrade Figueira ◽  
Carla Corradi-Perini ◽  
Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez ◽  
Alan Andrade Figueira ◽  
...  

Physical activity (PA) improves the quality of life (QOL) of older people, increasing overall health and well-being and enabling them to take control over their own lives, and is highly correlated with sustainable aging. Objective: To relate the practice of PA with QOL for sustainable aging. Method: The sample of this cross-sectional inquiry analytical observational ex post facto research was composed of 690 community-dwelling older people of both genders, non-selected volunteers, living in Brazil, present at a road run in Rio de Janeiro, from 30 October 2019 to 12 March 2020, that answered an instrument starting with profile questions, followed by selected questions on QOL from world health organization quality of life for old age (WHOQOL-Old) and on PA from Baecke-Old. Results: The mean age bracket was 65–69 years, 73.6% female. This sample was characterized as active (84%), having university level education (75%), fitting the concept of a high level of QOL (73.35 ± 12.6). QOL was distributed as: 562 (81.2%) at 70–100%; 123 (17.9%) at 41–69%; 5 (0.7%) at 32–40%. Between active and sedentary lifestyle and QOL, the sedentary lifestyle presented a lower QOL score while the active QOL score was highest, with a correspondence with p < 0.001, DF = 2, with 99.9% certainty and Pearson’s chi-square test critical value = 19.2. Conclusion: The sample of older people characterized by high QOL and PA with a university level education suggests the triangulation between advanced education, PA and QOL. The QOL of the older people with high scores was associated with the practice of PA, and low scores were associated with a sedentary lifestyle; this conclusion can be applied to sustainable aging of general society.


Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 90-92
Author(s):  
Jerónimo García Fernández ◽  
Jesús Fernández Gavira

La práctica de actividad física por parte de las personas mayores, es cada vez más una práctica habitual en este grupo de población. Así las empresas de servicios deportivos, ofertan programas específicos y desarrollan actividades con el fin de mejorar la calidad de vida de esta población. Uno de los lugares donde se ofertan estas actividades, son los centros de fitness privados (CFP), y cada vez más, se pueden ver usuarios mayores realizando ejercicios en maquinaria de última generación, y realizando actividades con material sofisticado. Nuestro estudio refleja la realidad de 45 CFP del municipio de Sevilla, en relación a las cuotas y actividades específicas ofertadas para los mayores en los propios centros. Del mismo modo, pone de manifiesto la situación de esta oferta en relación a los distritos censales de Sevilla. En la investigación se pudo comprobar, como la mayoría de los centros testados no tenían una oferta específica de actividades para mayores.Palabra clave: Centros de Fitness, Personas Mayores, Cuotas, Servicios, Actividades.Abstract: The practice of physical activity by older people is increasingly becoming very usual within this population. Therefore, the sports facilities, are offering specific programs and activities to improve the quality of life for this population. One of the places where these activities are offered, are the private fitness centers (PFC), where nowadays is getting more frequent to find seniors doing exercises in the latest generation apparatus and dealing with modern equipment.Our study reflects the reality of 45 PFC of a Spanish city, Seville, in relation to specific fees and activities offered for seniors at these centers. Similarly, it shows the status of this offer in relation to the census districts of Seville. The research found out that most of the centers analyzed did not have a specific program with activities for seniors.Key words: Fitness Centers, Seniors, Fees, Services, Activities.


2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Coelho Mendes de Britto Haddad ◽  
Zamir Calamita

Objetivo: analisar as características do idoso institucionalizado apontando correlações. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, analítico, tipo exploratório, com idosos que vivem em instituições de longa permanência para idosos. Empregaram-se questionários: sociodemográfico; Mini Mental; índice de Barthel; avaliação autorreferida de fragilidade em idosos; Family Apgar e Perfil de Saúde de Nothingham. Resultados: revela-se que as seis instituições avaliadas eram de caráter filantrópico; foram estudados 135 idosos; a média de idade foi de 76,4 anos e o tempo médio de institucionalização, de quatro anos; de acordo com os questionários, a maioria apresentou pontuação que sugere declínio cognitivo e fragilidade, era independente para as atividades básicas de vida diária, possuía acentuada disfunção familiar e apresentou perceptível perda da sensação da qualidade de vida; a maior parte dos entrevistados mudou para a instituição sem vontade própria. Constatou-se que a preservação da cognição e o maior grau de instrução se correlacionam a uma menor satisfação e percepção de qualidade de vida. Conclusão: apresentaram-se, por este estudo, alguns aspectos próprios do idoso institucionalizado e sua percepção de saúde. Descritores: Saúde do Idoso; Idoso; Fatores Socioeconômicos; Condições de Vida; Condições de Saúde; Qualidade de Vida.AbstractObjective: to analyze the characteristics of the institutionalized elderly by pointing out correlations. Method: this is a quantitative, descriptive, analytical, exploratory study with elderly people living in long-term care facilities for the elderly. The following questionnaires were used: sociodemographic; Mini Mental; Barthel index; self-reported assessment of frailty in the elderly; Family Apgar and Nothingham Health Profile. Results: it is revealed that the six institutions evaluated were philanthropic; 135 elderly people were studied; the average age was 76.4 years and the average institutionalization time was four years; According to the questionnaires, most had scores that suggest cognitive decline and frailty, were independent for basic activities of daily living, had marked family dysfunction and showed a noticeable loss of quality of life sensation; Most respondents moved to the institution without their own will. It was found that the preservation of cognition and the higher level of education correlate with lower satisfaction and perception of quality of life. Conclusion: this study presented some aspects of the institutionalized elderly and their perception of health. Descriptors: Elderly Health; Elderly; Socioeconomic Factors; Life Conditions; Health Conditions; Quality of Life.ResumenObjetivo: analizar las características de los ancianos institucionalizados señalando correlaciones. Método: este es un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, analítico y exploratorio con personas mayores que viven en centros de atención a largo plazo para personas mayores. Se utilizaron cuestionarios: sociodemográficos; Mini Mental; Índice de Barthel; evaluación autoinformada de fragilidad en ancianos; Perfil de salud de la familia Apgar y Nothingham. Resultados: se revela que las seis instituciones evaluadas eran filantrópicas; se estudiaron 135 personas mayores; la edad promedio fue de 76.4 años y el tiempo promedio de institucionalización fue de cuatro años; según los cuestionarios, la mayoría tenía puntuaciones que sugerían deterioro cognitivo y fragilidad, eran independientes para las actividades básicas de la vida diaria, tenían una disfunción familiar marcada y mostraban una pérdida notable de la sensación de calidad de vida; la mayoría de los encuestados se mudaron a la institución sin su propia voluntad. Se comprobó que la preservación de la cognición y el mayor nivel de educación se correlacionan con una menor satisfacción y percepción de la calidad de vida. Conclusión: este estudio presenta algunos aspectos de los ancianos institucionalizados y su percepción de la salud. Descriptores: Salud de los Ancianos; Ancianos; Factores Socioeconómicos; Condiciones de Vida; Condiciones de Salud; Calidad de Vida.


Author(s):  
Verónica Gavilanes ◽  
Eva Mendoza de Graterol ◽  
Blanca Costales

Introducción: el envejecimiento implica alteraciones funcionales, cognitivas psicológicas y sociales que disminuyen la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores. Objetivo: determinar el efecto de la intervención de enfermería para el bienestar holístico del adulto mayor. Método: investigación cuantitativa, diseño cuasi-experimental de un sólo grupo (150 adultos mayores), con pretest-postest utilizando tres instrumentos: Barthel, Zimet y el test de Minimental,  intervención de enfermería con estrategias de autocuidado de actividad física y terapia de reminiscencia, durante 12 meses, datos procesados con el software estadístico (SPSS Estatistics 24.0 para windows), por medio de distribución porcentual y la prueba de T de Student con una significancia estadística (p<0.05). Resultados: predominó la edad de 60-64 años (36,7%), género masculino 62,7%, ubicación en el Instituto Geriátrico Sagrado Corazón 53,4%, después de la intervención de enfermería se incrementó la percepción de apoyo social, la independencia de las actividades básicas de la vida diaria para la alimentación, deambular, subir y bajar escaleras, hábitos fisiológicos e higiénicos, en el estado cognitivo se evidenció disminución del deterioro cognitivo y aumento de la evaluación borderline y normal, con una diferencia significativa p<0,001 por medio de la escala de Zimet, índice de Barthel y el test de Minimental con las estrategias de autocuidado de actividad física y terapia de reminiscencia. Conclusiones: se obtuvo una elevación de la percepción de apoyo social, la independencia para realizar las actividades básicas de la vida diaria y aumento del estado cognitivo, que incrementaron el bienestar y la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores. Palabras claves: adulto mayor, estrategias de enfermería, escala de Zimet, índice de Barthel y el test de Minimental   Abstract Introduction: Aging implies functional, cognitive, psychological and social alterations that decrease the quality of life of older adults. Objective: To determine the effect of the nursing intervention for the holistic well-being of the elderly. Method: Quantitative investigation, quasi-experimental design of a single group (150 older adults), with pretest-posttest using three tools: Barthel, Zimet and the Minimental test, nursing intervention with self-care strategies of physical activity and reminiscence therapy, for 12 months, data processed with statistical software (SPSS Statistics 24.0 for Windows), by means of percentage distribution and Student's T-Test with statistical significance (p <0.05). Results: the age of 60-64 years predominated (36.7%), male gender 62.7%, location in Instituto Geriátrico Sagrado Corazón 53.4%, after the nursing intervention, the perception of social support increased, the independence of basic activities of daily life for eating, walking, going up and down stairs, physiological and hygienic habits, in the cognitive state a decrease in cognitive deterioration was evidenced and an increase in borderline and normal evaluation, with a significant difference p <0.001 using the Zimet scale, Barthel's index and the Minimental test with the self-care strategies of physical activity and reminiscence therapy. Conclusions: an increase of the perception of social support, independence to carry out the basic activities of daily life and an increase in cognitive status was obtained, which increased the well-being and quality of life of the elderly.      


Retos ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 515-520
Author(s):  
Francisco José López Vidal ◽  
Africa Calvo Lluch

La promoción de la actividad física orientada a la salud y calidad de vida es una cuestión de gran interés en la sociedad. El objetivo del presente trabajo es el diseño y la validación de un cuestionario en español mediante un método de consulta a expertos, como es el Método Prospectivo de Delphi. El diseño del cuestionario fue orientado a conocer las características y la práctica de la actividad física en personas mayores que viven en centros residenciales. Se tuvo en cuenta para la validación a 13 expertos que agruparan conocimientos en actividad física, salud y tercera edad según sus perfiles. Los resultados que se obtuvieron muestran que el cuestionario es válido y fiable para conocer la existencia y características que presenta la actividad física en residencias para personas mayores. El cuestionario formado por 12 preguntas demuestra ser un instrumento válido para investigar hábitos y conductas físico-deportivas en la población de tercera edad que vive en residencias.Abstract. The promotion of health- and quality-of-life-oriented physical activity is a matter of great interest within the society. The objective of this study is to design and validate a questionnaire in Spanish language through a method based on experts’ consultation, i.e. the Delphi Method. The design of the questionnaire was oriented to know the characteristics and practice of physical activity in elderly people living in residential centers. For its validation, the opinion of 13 experts with knowledge on physical activity, health, and seniors -based on their profile- was taken into account. The results obtained show that the questionnaire is valid and reliable to assess the presence and characteristics of physical activity in elderly residences. The questionnaire, comprising 12 items, proves to be a valid instrument to investigate habits and physical-sporting behavior in the elderly population living in residences.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Magdalena Pracka ◽  
Marcin Dziedziński ◽  
Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski

AbstractIn recent years have seen increasing percentage of the elderly in the overall population. This has driven the attention to the lifestyle factors that influence the health and quality of life of this social group, including their nutrition and physical activity. Universities of the Third Age (U3A) are a valuable platform for the dissemination and broadening of the knowledge related to these topics. The nutritional habits of 61 U3A students in Poznań were evaluated on the basis of a modified KomPAN questionnaire. Their nutritional status was determined using the body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) indices. Nearly half of the respondents were overweight and 16% had first degree obesity. The WHR index in women was on average 0.8, while in men it was 1.01. Only 13% of the students declared regular eating, with 60% consuming 4-5 meals a day. Women were found to eat snacks between meals more often than men. It was also found that the majority of the elderly do not add salt to ready meals or sweeten beverages with sugars. Taking into account the observed nutritional problems and the occurrence of improper eating habits of the elderly, it is recommended to continue the education on the prevention of common diet-related diseased.


2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Martinez Orlando ◽  
Maria Stella Peccin da Silva ◽  
Império Lombardi Junior

INTRODUCTION: Ageing has become a huge public health challenge due to the need to find solutions for improving quality of life. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess quality of life, muscle strength, balance and physical capacity among elderly practitioners and non-practitioners of physical activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational, cross-sectional study was carried out involving 74 elderly individuals in the city of Santos (state of São Paulo, Brazil), divided into two groups: practitioners and non-practitioners of physical activity. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used for the classification of the participants. The generic SF-36 questionnaire was used to assess quality of life. The Berg scale was used for the analysis of balance. Dynamometry was used for the muscle strength test. The six-minute walk test was used for the assessment of physical capacity. RESULTS: Significant differences were found between elderly practitioners and non-practitioners of physical activity regarding quality of life (p = 0.001), muscle strength (p = 0.001), balance (p = 0.001) and physical capacity (p = 0.001). The data also showed that aspects of quality of life were strongly correlated with physical capacity among the non-practitioners of physical activity (r = 0.741). CONCLUSION: Elderly individuals in the city of Santos (Brazil) who practice physical activity have better quality of life, muscle strength, physical capacity and balance in comparison to those who do not practice physical activity.


Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 684-695
Author(s):  
Marta García-Tascón ◽  
Cristina Mendaña-Cuervo ◽  
César Sahelices-Pinto ◽  
Ana-Mª Magaz-González

En España, la declaración del estado de alarma por la pandemia Covid-19, supuso que entre el 14 de marzo y el 2 de mayo de 2020, 47 millones de habitantes estuvieran confinados y sólo pudieran salir a cubrir necesidades básicas. Ante este hecho es oportuno analizar su impacto sobre la salud, tomando en consideración cómo afectó a la práctica de la actividad física. Se administró un cuestionario ad hoc. Los participantes fueron 1046 personas (hombre 48.57% y mujer 51.43%) y con una edad media de 40 (± DT 13.35 años). Respecto a la práctica de actividad física, destaca una significativa disminución de intensidad y cantidad (p < .001), y una modificación del tipo de actividad física realizada, pasando de deportes cardiovasculares y de aptitud muscular a prácticas de gimnasias suaves y flexibilidad. Aumentó el porcentaje total de personas que no realizaron nada de actividad física. Aun disponiendo de más tiempo libre, las personas en situación de ERTE, disminuyeron significativamente su cantidad de actividad física realizada (p < .001). Estos resultados permiten concluir que el confinamiento supuso una modificación de hábitos de práctica de actividad física, una disminución de los valores recomendados como saludables, lo que conllevó implicaciones sobre la salud y la calidad de vida. Se ofrece información que ayudará a entender estos nuevos comportamientos y que facilitará a los gestores estrategias innovadoras para activar la vuelta a niveles anteriores de actividad física, su incremento y, en definitiva, la reactivación del sector deportivo.  Abstract: In Spain, the declaration of the state of alarm due to the Covid-19 pandemic, meant that between 14th of March and 2nd of May 2020, 47 million inhabitants were confined at home and could only go out to cover basic needs. This unprecedented event has led to a paradigm shift, and it is appropriate to analyze its impact on health, considering how it has affected the practice of physical activity. An ad hoc questionnaire was administered. The participants were 1046 people (48.57% male and 51.43% female) and the average age of 40 (± DT 13.35 years). Regarding the practice of physical activity, a significant decrease in intensity and quantity stands out (p < .001), and a modification of the type of physical activity performed, going from cardiovascular sports and muscular fitness to soft gymnastics and flexibility practices. The total percentage of people who did no physical activity at all, increased. In addition, although more free time was available, people in ERTE situation significantly decreased their amount of physical activity performed (p < .001). These results allow us to conclude that confinement has meant a modification of physical activity practice habits and a decrease in the recommended values ​​of healthy healthy, and therefore has had implications on health and quality of life. This information will help to understand these new behaviors in order for managers to implement innovative strategies to reactivate the return to previous levels of physical activity, its increase and, in short, the reactivation of the sports sector.


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