scholarly journals STATISTICAL REASONING TENTANG KEBIJAKAN SATU ANAK PER KELUARAG DI NEGERI TIRAI BAMBU ( CINA)

Intersections ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Toto Hermawan ◽  
Nuria Mahdra Fajarini ◽  
Nurni Utami
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Geometric Distribution ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Statistical Reasoning ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
One Child Policy ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

This study attempts to explain what distribution of opportunities is in accordance with population growth if a family must have sons and evaluate policies based on the data obtained. The distribution of opportunities according to population growth if a family must have sons is a geometric distribution. For n families, the binomial distribution is used to measure the success rate of the government. If the chances of having a baby boy are high, then the chances of the one-child policy will be successful. In addition, the one-child policy in China was a policy implemented during the Deng Xiaoping administration in 1979 until it was finally abolished at the end of 2015. The decision to abolish this policy is of course a very interesting matter because this policy has been implemented for more than three decades and has succeeded in driving economic growth and improving the standard of living of the Chinese people. After more than three decades of implementation, various social and economic impacts have been felt by China as a result of the one-child policy. The low fertility rate in China, the imbalance of the sex ratio, and the aging population are new problems facing China because of the implementation of this policy. Taking into account these effects, the Chinese government officially abolished the one-child policy and implemented a new policy that allows every couple in China to have two children

The Evolution of the One-child Policy in Shaanxi, 1979–88

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 191-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Greenhalgh
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Open Letter ◽  
Family Planning Programme ◽  
One Child Policy ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
Party Central Committee ◽  
The One ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Party Congress

A crucial element in China's modernization effort is the control of population growth. Months before the historic Third Plenum of the 11th Communist Party Congress in December 1978, the leadership decided that only a drastic limitation of fertility would ensure achievement of its economic goals for the year 2000. The policy to encourage all couples to limit themselves to one child was announced in January 1979. In September 1980 the Party Central Committee took the unusual step of publishing an “Open Letter” announcing a drastic programme of 20 to 30 years’ duration to restrict population growth, and calling on all Party and Youth League members to take the lead in having only one child. Thus was launched the world's most ambitious family-planning programme.

China's two-child policy impact will be slow and small

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Married Couples ◽  
Policy Impact ◽  
Dependency Ratio ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ageing Society ◽  
Content Type ◽  
One Child Policy ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

Subject The abolition of the one-child policy. Significance As of January 1 this year, the law permits all married couples in China to have two children, abolishing the 'one-child policy' in place since 1980 -- a move the government believes will increase the supply of labour and ease the pressures of an ageing society. Impacts Abolishing the one-child policy will not be enough to address labour shortages and the problems of an ageing society. More births will soon boost consumption in areas such as food, clothing and education. In the short term, more births will increase the dependency ratio, which is already rising due to ageing. The net addition to China's population will be limited, and its economic impact will accrue only gradually over many years.

China's three-children policy will see limited success

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Content Type ◽  
One Child Policy ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
Vested Interests ◽  
The One

Significance This year it increased the limit to three. The one-child policy has served more to exacerbate than to alleviate demographic problems, leaving China with an ageing population and shrinking workforce much sooner than other countries at this stage of economic development. Impacts Rising infertility will play a part in depressing birth rates. Vested interests and the government's proclivity for social control will prevent the wholesale abolition of family planning. National and local authorities will introduce policies to promote reproduction; not all of them will necessarily be socially liberal.

Private Enterprise Development in a One-Party Autocratic State: The Case of Alibaba Group in China’s E-Commerce

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850001
Author(s):  
FU LAI TONY YU
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Private Enterprise ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Party Members ◽  
Private Entrepreneurs ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

This study attempts to explain China’s industrial development with special reference to e-commerce. It argues that in a one-party autocratic regime such as China, the collaboration between government officials and private entrepreneurs in strategic industries can promote industrial growth. Since Internet can jeopardize communist party’s goal of maintaining cohesiveness and absolute political power, the Chinese government has imposed surveillance on private operation in all IT operations. Specifically, in e-commerce industry, through collaborations with private enterprises, the communist party can “kill two birds in one arrow.” On the one hand, party members are able to preserve national security and maintain social and financial stability by closely monitoring the private enterprise operation. Moreover, party members can seize tangible and non-tangible benefits from the growth in e-commerce firms. On the other hand, private e-commerce enterprises, by building close connection with public officials and senior party members, can obtain strong support from the government, and thus boosting its business growth. This argument is applied to explain the miraculous growth of Alibaba Group, a private e-commerce enterprise in China. In particular, the paper attempts to show the relationship between the Chinese government and the private entrepreneur in the e-business development and how their collaboration enhances growth in the Internet market.

scholarly journals The Effect of China’s Two-Child Policy on the Child Sex Ratio: Evidence From Shanghai, China

2022 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 004695802110679
Author(s):  
Di Tang ◽  
Xiangdong Gao ◽  
Jiaoli Cai ◽  
Peter. C. Coyte
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
One Child Policy ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
The One ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Municipal Level

Objective: The bias towards males at birth has resulted in a major imbalance in the Chinese sex ratio that is often attributed to China’s one-child policy. Relaxation of the one-child policy has the potential to reduce the imbalance in the sex ratio away from males. In this study, we assessed whether the bias towards males in the child sex ratio was reduced as a result of the two-child policy in China. Medical records data from one large municipal-level obstetrics hospital in Shanghai, East China. Design: Matching and difference-in-differences (MDID) techniques were used to investigate the effect of the two-child policy on the imbalance in the sex ratio at birth after matching for pregnancy status and socioeconomic factors. Results: Analyzing 133,358 live births suggest that the relaxation of the one-child policy had a small, but statistically significant effect in reducing the imbalance in the male to female sex ratio at birth. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that relaxation of the one-child policy reduced the imbalance in the male to female sex ratio at birth from 1.10 to 1.05 over the study period at one of the major obstetrics and gynecology hospitals in China.

scholarly journals EFEK KEBIJAKAN SATU ANAK TERHADAP KEHIDUPAN PEREMPUAN DI TIONGKOK: SEBUAH IRONI

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Wabilia Husnah
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Deng Xiaoping ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
School Work ◽  
One Child Policy ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
The One

In the Chinese tradition that is influenced by the Confusianism, women are seen to have lower positions than men. In such a social system, the One-Child policy initiated by Deng Xiaoping since 1979 as a program to control the population, underpin the inferiority perception upon Chinese women. This article aims analyze the effects of the China’s One Child Policy towards Chinese women’s lives. It is important to understand how Chinese Women live after their lives have been affected by this Policy, in a good or a bad way. The results show that One Child Policy has negative impacts on Chinese women’s lives. It does not only lead to discrimination views againts women, but also indirectly violate a Chinese woman’s social, cultural and economic rights. Criminal cases overshadow the Chinese women, ranging from torture, neglect of children, abortion, illegal adoption, human trafficking, kidnapping, and even prostitution. On the other hand, all criminal cases makes women become “rare “ and “special” objects in China. Ironically, the scarcity of women in China actually cause the higher bargaining power of women. Now in their lives, Chinese women can go to school, work, choosing a spouse, or even file for divorce. Women’s social status in Chinese society has increased now. It means that women also obtain the positive impact of One-Child Policy.Keywords: women, confucianism, the one child policyAbstrakDalam tradisi Tiongkok yang dipengaruhi oleh Konfusianisme, perempuan selalu memiliki posisi lebih rendah daripada laki-laki. Dalam sistem sosial seperti ini, Kebijakan Satu Anak yang diperkenalkan oleh Deng Xiaoping sejak 1979 sebagai program untuk mengontrol populasi, turut mendukung inferioritas wanita Tiongkok. Artikel ini mencoba menganalisis efek Kebijakan Satu Anak di Tiongkok kepada kehidupan perempuan. Sangat penting untuk memahami bagaimana perempuan Tiongkok menjalani hidupnya pascakehidupannya telah dipengaruhi oleh kebijakan ini, dengan cara yang baik maupun yang buruk. Artikel ini berkesimpulan bahwa Kebijakan Satu Anak memiliki dampak negatif dalam kehidupan perempuan. Kebijakan ini tidak hanya menyebabkan pandangan diskriminatif terhadap perempuan, namun juga secara tidak langsung melanggar hak asasi dalam kehidupan sosial, kultural, dan ekonomi perempuan Tiongkok. Kasus kriminal pun membayangi perempuan Tiongkok, mulai dari penyiksaan, pengabaian anak perempuan, aborsi, adopsi ilegal, penjualan manusia, penculikan, bahkan prostitusi.Di lain pihak, semua kasus kriminal ini telah membuat perempuan menjadi objek yang “langka” dan “spesial” di Tiongkok. Ironisnya, kelangkaan perempuan di Tiongkok menyebabkan nilai tawar perempuan menjadi lebih tinggi. Sekarang, dalam kehidupan mereka, perempuan Cina bisa pergi ke sekolah, bekerja, memilih pasangan hidup, bahkan menuntut cerai. Status sosial perempuan dalam masyarakat Tiongkok pun sudah meningkat sekarang. Ini berarti, perempuan Tiongkok juga telah mendapatkan efek positif dari Kebijakan Satu Anak.Kata kunci: perempuan, konfusianisme, kebijakan satu anak

Developing expertise in psychoanalytic couple and family therapy in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-246
Author(s):  
Janine Wanlass
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
The West ◽  
Couple And Family Therapy ◽  
Psychoanalytic Training ◽  
The Past ◽  
One Child Policy ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
Divorce Rates ◽  
The One

The author traces the development of a collaborative psychoanalytic training programme for couple and family therapists in China, launched through the shared efforts of Drs David Scharff, Jill Savege Scharff, Janine Wanlass, Fang Xin and Gao Jun, enrolling more than 400 students over the past twelve years. The stressors of economic change, greater interaction with the West, legacies left by the Cultural Revolution, challenges associated with the one-child policy, and escalating divorce rates created a need for therapists to intervene with Chinese couples and families exhibiting distress (Scharff, 2020, 2021). A training programme was conceived, including didactic teaching from an object relations perspective, a live clinical demonstration of psychotherapy with a couple or family, and small process groups led by Chinese therapists to help trainees integrate affective, cognitive, and behavioural learning components. The author contends that the success of this programme was largely dependent on a collaboration of cultures and personnel, as American teachers learned about psychoanalytic thinking from a Chinese cultural lens and Chinese administrators, faculty, and students discovered effective ways to address the mental health struggles of Chinese couples and families.

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