Private Enterprise Development in a One-Party Autocratic State: The Case of Alibaba Group in China’s E-Commerce

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850001
Author(s):  
FU LAI TONY YU
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Private Enterprise ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Party Members ◽  
Private Entrepreneurs ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

This study attempts to explain China’s industrial development with special reference to e-commerce. It argues that in a one-party autocratic regime such as China, the collaboration between government officials and private entrepreneurs in strategic industries can promote industrial growth. Since Internet can jeopardize communist party’s goal of maintaining cohesiveness and absolute political power, the Chinese government has imposed surveillance on private operation in all IT operations. Specifically, in e-commerce industry, through collaborations with private enterprises, the communist party can “kill two birds in one arrow.” On the one hand, party members are able to preserve national security and maintain social and financial stability by closely monitoring the private enterprise operation. Moreover, party members can seize tangible and non-tangible benefits from the growth in e-commerce firms. On the other hand, private e-commerce enterprises, by building close connection with public officials and senior party members, can obtain strong support from the government, and thus boosting its business growth. This argument is applied to explain the miraculous growth of Alibaba Group, a private e-commerce enterprise in China. In particular, the paper attempts to show the relationship between the Chinese government and the private entrepreneur in the e-business development and how their collaboration enhances growth in the Internet market.

scholarly journals Selective industrial policies in China: investigating the choice of pillar industries

2019 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Barbieri ◽  
Marco Rodolfo Di Tommaso ◽  
Mattia Tassinari ◽  
Marco Marozzi
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
International Literature ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Industrial Policies ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
The Government

Purpose China’s experience of industrial growth is noteworthy for several reasons, not least because it has made a massive use of selective industrial policies. The industrial development guidelines set by the Five-Year Plans are extensively based on the choice of “strategic” or “pillar” industries to be promoted and supported. What remains unclear is the way in which such industries are identified among many. The purpose of this paper is to propose a debate on how to improve the government choice of strategic sectors and suggests a methodology to make this choice more transparent and rigorous. Design/methodology/approach The methodology allows ranking the different industries according to their strategic importance in the Chinese economy. The authors employ an uncertainty analysis methodology to verify the robustness of the ranking. Findings The results point to a list of strategic sectors for China. Comparing the ranking of the strategic sectors to the list of strategic priorities described in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, we find that, by and large, the ranking coincides with the list of strategic sectors of the Chinese government. Social implications The authors argue that improving the transparency and the rigor of the choice of pillar industries can be crucial for the Chinese government to maintain social legitimization in the transition to a “market” economy. Originality/value Very little is known about the choice of strategic sectors in China in the international literature. By addressing the debate on the choice of pillar industries in China, the paper discusses a topic scarcely studied offering a unique and original contribute.

China’s Industrial Development Strategies and Policies

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Justin Yifu Lin ◽  
Jianjun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Industrial Policies ◽  
Learning Capacity ◽  
Factor Endowments ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Indigenous Innovation ◽  
The Government

China has adopted a transition strategy and industrial policies pragmatically according to its economic reality since the reform and opening up started in 1979. The organic combination of an effective market with a facilitating state was the main reason for the success of China’s economy in the past four decades. In the process of China’s economic development, industrial policies have played a crucial role in both industrial upgrading and technological progress. Relying on the comparative advantage—following strategy, China has fully utilized its latecomer advantage. Chinese enterprises learn advanced technologies from developed countries when the opportunities exist and do indigenous innovation when needed. Pragmatism and learning capacity has been the most important endowments and comparative advantages of the Chinese government and enterprises. With learning capacity, the government and enterprises can pragmatically explore the comparative advantage of the existing factor endowments and convert latent comparative advantages into competitive advantages to promote continuous transformation, upgrading, and sustainable development.

scholarly journals STATISTICAL REASONING TENTANG KEBIJAKAN SATU ANAK PER KELUARAG DI NEGERI TIRAI BAMBU ( CINA)

Intersections ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Toto Hermawan ◽  
Nuria Mahdra Fajarini ◽  
Nurni Utami
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Geometric Distribution ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Statistical Reasoning ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
One Child Policy ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

This study attempts to explain what distribution of opportunities is in accordance with population growth if a family must have sons and evaluate policies based on the data obtained. The distribution of opportunities according to population growth if a family must have sons is a geometric distribution. For n families, the binomial distribution is used to measure the success rate of the government. If the chances of having a baby boy are high, then the chances of the one-child policy will be successful. In addition, the one-child policy in China was a policy implemented during the Deng Xiaoping administration in 1979 until it was finally abolished at the end of 2015. The decision to abolish this policy is of course a very interesting matter because this policy has been implemented for more than three decades and has succeeded in driving economic growth and improving the standard of living of the Chinese people. After more than three decades of implementation, various social and economic impacts have been felt by China as a result of the one-child policy. The low fertility rate in China, the imbalance of the sex ratio, and the aging population are new problems facing China because of the implementation of this policy. Taking into account these effects, the Chinese government officially abolished the one-child policy and implemented a new policy that allows every couple in China to have two children

scholarly journals Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Industrial Growth of India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S10) ◽  
pp. 165-169
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Coefficient Corrélation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

In India the Foreign direct investment (FDI) has received a staged improvement from instigate of the Make in India scheme, according to recent survey. There was a incredible increase in FDI inflows (40%) particularly in manufacturing sector from October, 2014 to June, 2019 . The industrial sector is considered to be the one of the dominant sectors that contribute the major Indian GDP. India has been ranked fourteenth in the factory output in the world. This was because of the launch of initiative, which sought for promoting manufacturing segments and be a magnet for foreign investments. More than 56 manufacturing units are benefitted in the entire globe. In the recent times during the year 2014 to 2019 the Industrial production inclined to 3.1 per cent, mainly on account of improvement and to encourage talent augmentation towards the various sectors of the economy. This article brings out the recent efforts taken by the government for encouraging the FDI into various sectors and how it has made a pathway. In the last ten years India has shown a tremendous increase in Foreign Direct Investment into the various sectors in economy. Even though Government of India has make a pathway for attracting FDI on various sectors, this papers focuses on explaining the impact of make in India scheme on FDI. In this paper period of five years has been considered for the analysis. The Statistical Tools like Karl Pearson's Coefficient Correlation and One - Way ANOVA has been used for the analysis of data. To study the relationship between the FDI and IIP correlation is used for the analysis of data

scholarly journals Influence of Governmental Subsidies on Growth of Photovoltaic Enterprises: Empirical Evidence from China

2018 ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
YaTou ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Governmental Intervention ◽  
The Government ◽  
A Share ◽  
Decision Making Support

As an emerging industry, photovoltaic industry has won strong support from the government. However, many problems appear in industrial development with increasing maturation of photovoltaic industrial development. The governmental effect has a critical bearing on photovoltaic industrial development as governmental policies-driven industry. In order to investigate the influence of governmental intervention on growth of photovoltaic enterprises, sample data related to photovoltaic enterprises in Chinese A≠share market during 2007Ц2017 were selected, and the influences of fiscal subsidies and tax preferences on growth of photovoltaic enterprises were analyzed. The results show that both fiscal subsidies and tax preferences have positive promoting effects on growth of photovoltaic enterprises and influence of fiscal subsidies is more obvious. The conclusions provide decision-making support for the government to formulate intervening policies facilitating growth of photovoltaic enterprises.

Reinventing Industrial Property

2020 ◽  
pp. 136-158
Author(s):  
Robert Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Industrial Property ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Industrial Firms ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The City

This chapter demonstrates the Mayor's Committee for Economic and Cultural Development (CECD) that substituted the Chicago Land Clearance Commission's (CLCC) strategy of using government funds to replace razed blighted space with new industrial districts. It examines the methods used by the CECD to modernize the practices that induced industrial firms to invest in city property. It also points out how the CECD was instrumental in shaping how city leaders viewed industrial property through the 1960s and early 1970s. The chapter recounts CECD's work to resituate industrial property as a space for science-led industrial development and the rejuvenation of existing factory areas between 1961 and 1976. It cites how the CECD contributed to the government-led economic development policies that became increasingly common in the United States since the 1970s by forcing the city and industrial institutions to rethink how to promote industrial growth.

scholarly journals Global Financial Crisis – Policy Response

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milojica Dakić
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Government

Abstract Six years after the outbreak of the financial crisis that had shaken the global financial system, experts and analysts all over the world continue discussing the effectiveness, scope and adequacy of mechanisms and measures implemented in the meantime, as well as the adequacy of the underlying theoretical concept. A global consent has been reached on ensuring financial stability through the interaction of monetary, fiscal and prudential policy to ensure the necessary macroprudential dimension of regulatory and supervisory frameworks. The USA crisis spilled over to Europe. Strong support of governments to bail out banks quickly resulted in sovereign debt crises in some peripheral EU Member States. Fiscal insolvency of these countries strongly shook the EU and increased doubts in the monetary union survival. The European Union stood united to defend the euro and responded strongly with a new complex and comprehensive financial stability framework. This supranational framework is a counterpart to the global financial stability framework created by the G20 member countries. Starting from the specific features of the monetary policy whose capacities are determined by euroisation, available instruments and resources for preventive supervisory activities, as well as the role of the government in crisis management, Montenegro created a framework for maintaining financial stability and prescribed fostering and maintaining financial stability as the main objective of the Central Bank of Montenegro.

scholarly journals The Legacy of the Reformasi: The Role of Local Government Spending on Industrial Development in a Decentralized Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bangkit A. Wiryawan ◽  
Christian Otchia
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Capital Spending ◽  
The Government

Abstract Starting in 2001 the government of Indonesia employed Regional Autonomy law, providing larger fiscal role to the province and district governments. However, our understanding of its impacts on economic development of Indonesia is still limited. This paper seeks to find the relationship between increasing local government’s capital expenditure on industrial development with focus in the non-oil and gas sector. Capital spending is thought to have moderation effect on investment, the main channel for industrialization, that should contribute to industrial growth. Our System GMM result suggests that there is significant correlation between capital spending and industrial growth. However, we fail to find significance moderation effect between local spending and investment towards the industry. Decentralization progress in Indonesia has been institutionally anchored by the central government particularly with the introduction of concurrent affairs in 2004, allowing central government to take a major developmental role at the local level. In the long run this contributes to the weakening capacity building at the local level, resulting in our non-positive findings. We propose a new institutional model that promote better central-local collaboration.

scholarly journals Land Law Reform and Complex State-Building Process in Rwanda

2021 ◽  
pp. 137-152
Author(s):  
Shinichi Takeuchi ◽  
Jean Marara
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
State Building ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Land Law ◽  
Land Registration ◽  
Tenure Reform ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
Land Law Reform

AbstractThis study sheds light on recent land law (land tenure) reform in Rwanda by examining its close and complex relations with state-building. By prioritising land law reform and receiving strong support from external funding agencies, the post-civil warRwanda became the first African country to complete land registration throughout its territory. Land law reform should be considered a part of the radical interventions in rural areas frequently implemented by the Rwandan Patriotic Front-led government and, therefore, has been closely connected to its aspiration to reinforce the existent political order. The government has utilised reform and external financial support for this purpose. However, despite the success of the one-time land registration, Rwanda has encountered serious difficulties in institutionalising sustainable registering systems since transactions of land have been recorded only in exceptional cases. Additionally, it suggests that the government does not have a strong incentive to collect accurate information about properties in rural areas. The widening gap between recorded information and the real situation may affect land administration, which is of tremendous importance to Rwanda and, thus, possibly undermine state control over society.

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