scholarly journals Gender discrimination and other factors affecting Full Immunization Coverage (FIC) in 59 low performing blocks of Bihar

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
C M Singh ◽  
Abhishek Mishra ◽  
Neeraj Agarwal ◽  
Arshad Ayub ◽  
Shradha Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facility ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Coverage Ratio ◽  
Full Immunization

Background: Routine childhood immunization has proven to be among the most practical and most cost-effective health interventions. The full immunization coverage (FIC) has increased, still it is less. Especially in  the low performing blocks of Bihar ,it is less than 70 %.There are various factors responsible for less FIC including gender discrimination also which is still hidden in the society. Hence this study was done to find out the FIC in Bihar with associated factors including gender discrimination. Objectives: To find out the various associated factors affecting FIC and to find out gender discrimination (if any) in FIC in different districts of Bihar. Methodology: Two stage cluster sampling with Probability Proportional to size Sampling (PPS) was used as per Study protocol. The study was conducted in 59 low- performing blocks of Bihar where the full immunization coverage was less than 70%. The survey was conducted in 59 blocks. From each block, 30 clusters (Villages) were selected. As a convention, 7 children of age group 12- 23 months were selected from each cluster. Thus, data collection was done for a total of 12,390 children.A structured questionnaire was formulated on the basis of WHO coverage evaluation format. Web based Application SDRC kit was used for data collection while SPSS v. 20 was used for analysis. Results: FIC was found to be 60.81% , it was higher for the rural clusters, general caste, Hindus when compared to urban clusters , SC and other castes, and Muslim religion respectively. For 1st child FIC was highest (66.8%) and was lesser for females. A coverage ratio (female to male) was found to be less than 1 for most of the districts. Conclusion: There are considerable inequities in full immunization by various individual (birth order, gender, birth weight), social (religion, caste), and societal (health care facility and cluster type) characteristics. In general, the ratio (female/male) remains less than 1 for most of the districts.

scholarly journals Coverage and Determinants of Full Immunization: Vaccination Coverage among Senegalese Children

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdur Razzaque Sarker ◽  
Raisul Akram ◽  
Nausad Ali ◽  
Zahedul Islam Chowdhury ◽  
Marufa Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facility ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Full Immunization

Background and Objectives: In line with the global success of immunization, Senegal achieved impressive progress in childhood immunization program. However, immunization coverage is often below the national and international targets and even not equally distributed across the country. The objective of this study is to estimate the full immunization coverage across the geographic regions and identify the potential factors of full immunization coverage among the Senegalese children. Materials and Methods: Nationally representative dataset extracted from the latest Continuous Senegal Demographic and Health Survey 2017 was used for this analysis. Descriptive statistics such as the frequency with percentage and multivariable logistic regression models were constructed and results were presented in terms of adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Overall, 70.96% of Senegalese children aged between 12 to 36 months were fully immunized and the coverage was higher in urban areas (76.51%), west ecological zone (80.0%), and among serer ethnic groups (77.24%). Full immunization coverage rate was almost the same between male and female children, and slightly higher among the children who were born at any health care facility (74.01%). Children who lived in the western zone of Senegal were 1.66 times (CI: 1.25–2.21; p = 0.001) and the children of Serer ethnic groups were 1.43 times (CI: 1.09–1.88; p = 0.011) more likely to be fully immunized than the children living in the southern zone and from the Poular ethnic group. In addition, children who were born at health facilities were more likely to be fully immunized than those who were born at home (AOR = 1.47; CI: 1.20–1.80; p < 0.001), and mothers with recommended antenatal care (ANC) (4 and more) visits during pregnancy were more likely to have their children fully immunized than those mother with no ANC visits (AOR: 2.06 CI: 1.19–3.57; p = 0.010). Conclusions: Immunization coverage was found suboptimal by type of vaccines and across ethnic groups and regions of Senegal. Immunization program should be designed targeting low performing areas and emphasize on promoting equal access to education, decision-making, encouraging institutional deliveries, and scaling up the use of antenatal and postnatal care which may significantly improve the rate full immunization coverage in Senegal.

scholarly journals Factors influencing health-care access of female commercial sex workers in India: an in-depth review

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudrajit Paul ◽  
Meera Suresh ◽  
Jayati Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Access ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facility ◽  
Commercial Sex ◽  
Commercial Sex Workers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Care Access

Commercial sex workers (CSW) are a vulnerable section of the society with diverse health problems. However, different surveys have consistently shown limited healthcare access by this group. There are a lot of factors, related both to the health care facility and the potential users, which influence this access. In this review, we have analysed some of the factors affecting healthcare access of female CSWs in India. The analysis has been done according to a standard conceptual framework. Certain remedial measures have also been proposed at the end. 

scholarly journals Utilisation of mobile health by medical doctors in a Zimbabwean health care facility

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester Marufu ◽  
Kefiloe A. Maboe
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Delivery Of Health Care ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facility ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
Patient Identification

Background: Mobile Health is the utilisation of mobile devices like cellphones and tablets for the delivery of health care. It is an up and coming intervention promising to benefit health services. Recent mobile health studies have tended to focus on mHealth for data collection and surveillance rather than on actual patient care. This paper highlights the potential and the challenges of mHealth use in the delivery of health care services.Objectives: This paper focused on determining the use of mHealth and identifying and describing the opportunities and the challenges faced by the medical doctors in using mHealth at a specific health care facility in Zimbabwe.Methods: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and analytical design was used to determine the rate of utilisation of selected mHealth “patient identification and treatment activities” by medical doctors. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection form 104 respondents. The number of the returned complete and usable questionnaires was 42. No sampling technique was done because the whole population was of interest to the researcher, accessible and available during data collection.Results: Fifty percent (50%) of the respondents indicated, lack of knowledge and unawareness in using mHealth to support chronically ill patients. The majority of the respondents (83.3%) believed that mHealth presented opportunities to improve health care delivery. The majority of the respondents (95%) indicated the potential for its future use.Conclusion: Given the challenges that were encountered mHealth program to be officially launched for mHealth use and the users to be developed on its utilisation.

scholarly journals Assessment of immunization coverage and associated factors among children in Paravur Taluk of Ernakulam district, Kerala

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 3594
Author(s):  
Anuradha Kizhatil ◽  
Reshma . ◽  
Harsha Chollankil Hariharan ◽  
Alexander John ◽  
Ann Mary Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Protection ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group 5

Background: Immunization is one of the most cost-effective interventions averting countless childhood deaths and protecting millions of children from disability and illness. The objective of the current study was to assess the immunization coverage and associated factors among children aged 12-23 months and 5-7 years in Paravur Taluk of Ernakulam district, Kerala.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was done. Cluster sampling method of WHO was used for evaluation of immunization coverage.300 children in the age group of 12–23 months and 300 children in the age group 5-7 years were selected from each of the 30 clusters. Crude coverage details for each vaccine were estimated using percentages. Bivariate analysis was conducted to identify independent predictors of immunization coverage.Results: Among the children 12-23 months old, eleven (3.7%) children were partially immunized, while everybody had received at least one vaccine. The proportion of children fully immunized was 96.3%. Among the children 5-7 years old 55 (18.3%) were partially immunized. Belonging to Muslim religion, fathers’ occupation i.e. who were labourers/unskilled workers, mother’s education less than 12th standard and not possessing the mother and child protection card were found to be factors associated with partial immunization.Conclusions: This study shows that full immunization has not reached all children.

scholarly journals Prevalence of acute morbidities and their health seeking behaviour among under-five children of urban slums in a city in Karnataka

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 2449
Author(s):  
Yamuna B. N. ◽  
Ratnaprabha G. K. ◽  
Prakash Kengnal
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facility ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Health Seeking Behaviour ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
The Past

Background: Morbidity and lack of health facility especially in the first five years of life would cause irreparable damage. Therefore it is important to assess the magnitude of morbidities, and their health seeking behaviour. The objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence of acute morbidities and their associated factors among Under-five (U5) children residing in slums of Davanagere city, Karnataka, and to assess the health-seeking behaviour of their mothers/caregiversMethods: It was a cross sectional study done in the slums of Davanagere city during August-September 2016. Using 30 cluster sampling technique, the estimated sample size was 656. A total of 22 children were included in each cluster. Questionnaire consisting of demographic details, history of acute morbidities in the past two weeks and their treatment details was administered to the mother/caregiver. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel sheet and analyzed using SPSS Version 20.Results: Totally 656 mothers/caregivers of U5 children were contacted, majority of the children were in the age group of 13 to 60 months. Total of 348 (53%) children suffered from some acute morbidity in the past 2 weeks, of whom 282 (81%) children were taken to some health care facility, and majority preferred private practitioner (73.4%). Most common reason for poor health seeking behaviour was “following the medicines which were prescribed for previous illness”.Conclusions: More than half of the children suffered from some acute morbidity in the past 2 weeks and 81% of them were taken to health care facility. 

scholarly journals Full immunization coverage and associated factors among children aged 12–23 months in Somali Region, Eastern Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260258
Author(s):  
Zemenu Shiferaw Yadita ◽  
Liyew Mekonen Ayehubizu
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Maternal Health Service ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Somali Region ◽  
Maternal Recall ◽  
Full Immunization

Objective Despite those efforts in expanded programs of immunization, nearly one fifth of children in developing countries miss out basic vaccines. Moreover, many children who started vaccination fail to complete immunization.Identifying associated factorswhich is scarce in the study area, is crucial for interventions. This study assessed full-immunization and associated factors among children aged 12–23 months in Somali region, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from October 1–30, 2018, in selected rural and urban kebeles in Somali regionamong 612 children. Cluster sampling was employed and data was collected using structured questionnaire. Full-immunization was measured by maternal recall and vaccination card.Data entry and analysis was done by EpiData3.1 and SPSSversion.20 respectively. Binary logistic regression with Bivariate and Multivariable model was usedto identify predictors of full-immunization. Odd ratios were computed and P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results Based on maternal recall plus vaccination card 249(41.4%) of children were completed immunization, while vaccination only by card was 87(29.7%). Only 238(39.5%) of participants had good knowledge about vaccination. Not knowing to come back for next visits 197(55.8%) were the major reason for dropout. Residing in urban (AOR = 2.0, 95%CI: 1.0, 3.9),primary educated mothers(AOR = 2.2, 95%CI: 1.0, 5.0), married mothers (AOR = 4.2, 95%CI:1.0, 18), higher average monthly income (AOR = 2.5, 95%CI 1.1, 5.2)and delivered at health facilities (AOR = 3.8, 95%CI 1.9, 7.3)were significantly associated with full-immunization. Conclusion Coverage of full immunization was found to be low compared to the targets set in the Global Vaccine Action Plan(2011–2020).Two-third of the participants has poor knowledge about vaccination. Urban residence, mother education, higher family income, male child and institutional delivery were factors. This study suggests that awareness creation, behaviour change on vaccination and enhancing utilization of maternal health service including delivery service, should be stressed.

scholarly journals Factors associated with Immunisation coverage in children of migrant brick kiln workers in selected districts of Bihar, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Pragya Kumar ◽  
Alok Ranjan ◽  
Dhananjay Kumar ◽  
Sanjay Pandey ◽  
C M Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Common Reason ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Immunisation Coverage ◽  
Brick Kiln ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Brick Kilns ◽  
Full Immunisation ◽  
Full Immunization

Background: Brick kiln workers are unskilled labourers and keep migrating from one place to another leading to non/partial immunization of their children. The study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of full immunisation among the children of mother living in brick kiln and to assess the factors associated with incomplete or non-immunisation. Methods: The study was conducted using stratified cluster sampling technique in different brick kilns of four districts of Bihar. Results: Out of 332 children the prevalence of full immunization was 55.43% and partial immunization was 37.65% while 6.92 % children were not immunized at all. The most common reason for non/partial immunization was lack of awareness about importance of immunization (37.2%) followed by no information of nearest place of vaccination (33.1%). Conclusion: The routine immunization coverage has increased but it is still low among migrant brick kiln workers.

scholarly journals Reflexivity: Doing Research with Women in a Mental health Care Facility

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Phooi Ling Yong ◽  
Faizah Mas'ud ◽  
How Kee Ling
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facility ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Mental Health Research ◽  
Health Problems

Reflexivity has been recognised as a crucial strategy in the knowledge generating process and applied in qualitative research to legitimate, validate and question research practices and representation, as well as evaluating the quality of qualitative research. Reflexivity in the social work literature have impacted in research and practice. However, the effect of researcher’s perspectives on the data collection and interpretation process by using reflexivity has not been examined in the mental health research in Malaysia. Thus, this paper aims to explore the role of methodological reflexivity in a qualitative research with Chinese women with mental health problems in a residential care setting in Malaysia. The researcher’s and participants’ interaction and experiences, as well as emotional context during interviews that affect the data interpretation and data collection process are discussed. Greater understanding on their experiences in the care centre has been generated by focusing on these women as an “abled-body” rather than people with disabilities. Recognition of the researcher’s feelings and experiences have enriched the research method and analysis, as well as informing the practice for social workers, health practitioners, and students who work with women with mental health problems.

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