scholarly journals Coverage and Determinants of Full Immunization: Vaccination Coverage among Senegalese Children

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdur Razzaque Sarker ◽  
Raisul Akram ◽  
Nausad Ali ◽  
Zahedul Islam Chowdhury ◽  
Marufa Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facility ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Full Immunization

Background and Objectives: In line with the global success of immunization, Senegal achieved impressive progress in childhood immunization program. However, immunization coverage is often below the national and international targets and even not equally distributed across the country. The objective of this study is to estimate the full immunization coverage across the geographic regions and identify the potential factors of full immunization coverage among the Senegalese children. Materials and Methods: Nationally representative dataset extracted from the latest Continuous Senegal Demographic and Health Survey 2017 was used for this analysis. Descriptive statistics such as the frequency with percentage and multivariable logistic regression models were constructed and results were presented in terms of adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Overall, 70.96% of Senegalese children aged between 12 to 36 months were fully immunized and the coverage was higher in urban areas (76.51%), west ecological zone (80.0%), and among serer ethnic groups (77.24%). Full immunization coverage rate was almost the same between male and female children, and slightly higher among the children who were born at any health care facility (74.01%). Children who lived in the western zone of Senegal were 1.66 times (CI: 1.25–2.21; p = 0.001) and the children of Serer ethnic groups were 1.43 times (CI: 1.09–1.88; p = 0.011) more likely to be fully immunized than the children living in the southern zone and from the Poular ethnic group. In addition, children who were born at health facilities were more likely to be fully immunized than those who were born at home (AOR = 1.47; CI: 1.20–1.80; p < 0.001), and mothers with recommended antenatal care (ANC) (4 and more) visits during pregnancy were more likely to have their children fully immunized than those mother with no ANC visits (AOR: 2.06 CI: 1.19–3.57; p = 0.010). Conclusions: Immunization coverage was found suboptimal by type of vaccines and across ethnic groups and regions of Senegal. Immunization program should be designed targeting low performing areas and emphasize on promoting equal access to education, decision-making, encouraging institutional deliveries, and scaling up the use of antenatal and postnatal care which may significantly improve the rate full immunization coverage in Senegal.

scholarly journals Gender discrimination and other factors affecting Full Immunization Coverage (FIC) in 59 low performing blocks of Bihar

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
C M Singh ◽  
Abhishek Mishra ◽  
Neeraj Agarwal ◽  
Arshad Ayub ◽  
Shradha Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facility ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Coverage Ratio ◽  
Full Immunization

Background: Routine childhood immunization has proven to be among the most practical and most cost-effective health interventions. The full immunization coverage (FIC) has increased, still it is less. Especially in  the low performing blocks of Bihar ,it is less than 70 %.There are various factors responsible for less FIC including gender discrimination also which is still hidden in the society. Hence this study was done to find out the FIC in Bihar with associated factors including gender discrimination. Objectives: To find out the various associated factors affecting FIC and to find out gender discrimination (if any) in FIC in different districts of Bihar. Methodology: Two stage cluster sampling with Probability Proportional to size Sampling (PPS) was used as per Study protocol. The study was conducted in 59 low- performing blocks of Bihar where the full immunization coverage was less than 70%. The survey was conducted in 59 blocks. From each block, 30 clusters (Villages) were selected. As a convention, 7 children of age group 12- 23 months were selected from each cluster. Thus, data collection was done for a total of 12,390 children.A structured questionnaire was formulated on the basis of WHO coverage evaluation format. Web based Application SDRC kit was used for data collection while SPSS v. 20 was used for analysis. Results: FIC was found to be 60.81% , it was higher for the rural clusters, general caste, Hindus when compared to urban clusters , SC and other castes, and Muslim religion respectively. For 1st child FIC was highest (66.8%) and was lesser for females. A coverage ratio (female to male) was found to be less than 1 for most of the districts. Conclusion: There are considerable inequities in full immunization by various individual (birth order, gender, birth weight), social (religion, caste), and societal (health care facility and cluster type) characteristics. In general, the ratio (female/male) remains less than 1 for most of the districts.

scholarly journals Assessing the contributions of private health facilities in a pioneer private-public partnership in childhood immunization in Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chukwuemeka Oluoha ◽  
Chukwuemeka Umeh ◽  
Hycienth Ahaneku
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
Public Health Facilities ◽  
Modest Contribution ◽  
Immunization Services

The vision of Nigeria’s immunization program is to reach and sustain routine immunization coverage of greater than 90% for all vaccines by 2020. In order to achieve this, Abia state embarked on a unique private-public partnership (PPP) between private health facilities and the Abia state ministry of health. The aim of this partnership was to collaborate with private health facilities to provide free childhood immunization services in the state - the first of its kind in Nigeria. This is a retrospective study of the 2011 Abia state, Nigeria monthly immunization data. In the 4 local governments operating the PPP, 45% (79/175) of the health facilities that offered immunization services in 2011 were private health facilities and 55% (96/175) were public health facilities. However, 21% of the immunization services took place in private health facilities while 79% took place in public health facilities. Private health facilities were shown to have a modest contribution to immunization in the 4 local governments involved in the PPP. Efforts should be made to expand PPP in immunization nationally to improve immunization services in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Determinants of Immunization Coverage and Associated Factors among Children aged under Two-Year-Old in the National Immunization Program of Mewat district, Haryana (2019-2020)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-196
Author(s):  
Vishesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Universal Immunization Program ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Full Immunization

Background: Vaccination against childhood communicable diseases through Expanded Program on Immunization is one of the most cost-effective public health interventions. Additional 1.5 million child deaths can be prevented if global vaccination coverage is improved. Mewat district has one of India’s lowest immunization rates despite a long-standing Universal Immunization Program and continues to sustain a high prevalence of vaccine-preventable diseases. This study investigates determinants of immunization status among children aged 0-23 months. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2019 to June 2020, among 800 children aged 0-23months, randomly selected in one rural and one urban ward each from all 4 blocks of Mewat. Socio-demographic conditions and vaccine-related data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Immunization was assessed by vaccination card and by mother’s recall where the card was unavailable. Results:Mewat has increased full immunization coverage from 13.1% in 2015-16 to 59.4%. Immunization card was available with 68.5% (292/426) beneficiaries. Dropout rates for Pentavalent1 to Pentavalent3 was 27.5% and 54% for Bacillus Calmette-Guerin to measles. After adjusting for the state of residence, religion, gender, paternal education, health professional presence during birth, place of vaccination and knowledge of mother on due dose were significantly associated with full immunization. Awareness gap and fear of side effects for vaccines were main reasons of vaccine hesitancy. Conclusion: Full immunization coverage in the district is sub optimal and behind the desired coverage goal, mainly due to vaccine hesitancy. Enhancing community knowledge about the benefits of vaccination is recommended.

scholarly journals Factors influencing and changes in childhood vaccination coverage over time in Bangladesh: A multilevel mixed-effects analysis

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyajit Kundu ◽  
Subarna Kundu ◽  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽  
Joshua Okyere ◽  
Susmita Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Over Time

Abstract There is a dearth of information on childhood vaccination coverage in Bangladesh. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the associated factors and changes in childhood vaccination coverage over time in Bangladesh. Bangladesh's Demographic and Health Surveys from 2011, 2014, and 2017-18 provided data on vaccination coverage for children aged 12 to 35 months. For three survey periods, multilevel binary logistic regression models were employed. The overall prevalence (weighted) of full vaccination among children aged 12-35 months was 86.17% in 2011 and 85.13% in 2014, and 89.23% in 2017-18. Children from families with high wealth index, mothers with higher education, and over the age of 24 and who sought at least four ANC visits, as well as children from urban areas were more likely to receive full vaccination. Rangpur division had the highest change rate of immunization coverage from 2011 to 2014 (2.26%), whereas Sylhet division had the highest change rate from 2014 to 2017-18 (34.34%). To improve immunization coverage for Bangladeshi children, policymakers must integrate vaccine programs, paying special attention to mothers without at least a high school education and families with low wealth index. Increased antenatal care visits may also aid in increasing the immunization coverage of their children.

scholarly journals Full childhood immunization coverage and incidence of vaccine preventable disease in Nigeria: a regression analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 5757
Author(s):  
Obinna Orjingene ◽  
Ojo Olumuyiwa ◽  
Clara Oguji ◽  
Franco Apiyanteide ◽  
Jude Inegbeboh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Disease ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Preventable Disease ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Full Immunization

Background: Childhood immunization contributes significantly in the reduction of cases of vaccine preventable diseases in children. DHIS2 data showed that only 60.59% of children under one were fully immunized in 2020. This implies that 39.41% did not receive all recommended vaccinations therefore at risk of contracting vaccine preventable diseases. This study therefore examined the effect of full immunization coverage on incidence of vaccine preventable diseases.Methods: Full childhood immunization coverage and incidence of vaccine preventable disease was examined using simple linear regression model at 5% level of significance and 95% confidence interval. Measles new case for children under five was the dependent variable while children under one fully immunized was the independent variable. Data was retrieved from DHIS2 for the period 2017-2020.Results: The study showed a negative relationship between full immunization coverage and incidence of under-five measles new cases. The study found that any unit increase in full immunization coverage would lead to decrease in measles cases by 6%.Conclusions: Full immunization coverage is still low (below WHO target of 80%) despite effort by government and partners. This implies that a lot of children are at risk of contracting vaccine preventable diseases. In order to avert this risk, health authorities and partners should devise appropriate means of educating the populace on the importance of childhood immunization.

Cannabis use in Switzerland: The role of attribution of drug use to friends, urbanization and repression 1The study was supported by the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (Bundesamt für Gesundheit BAG) Grant 316.96.5980.

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Model ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Structural Variables ◽  
Hbsc Study ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Individual Use

Cannabis use does not show homogeneous patterns in a country. In particular, urbanization appears to influence prevalence rates, with higher rates in urban areas. A hierarchical linear model (HLM) was employed to analyze these structural influences on individuals in Switzerland. Data for this analysis were taken from the Switzerland survey of Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) Study, the most recent survey to assess drug use in a nationally representative sample of 3473 15-year-olds. A total of 1487 male and 1620 female students indicated their cannabis use and their attributions of drug use to friends. As second level variables we included address density in the 26 Swiss Cantons as an indicator of urbanization and officially recorded offences of cannabis use in the Cantons as an indicator of repressive policy. Attribution of drug use to friends is highly correlated with cannabis use. The correlation is even more pronounced in urban Cantons. However, no association between recorded offences and cannabis use was found. The results suggest that structural variables influence individuals. Living in an urban area effects the attribution of drug use to friends. On the other hand repressive policy does not affect individual use.

The Great Awakening - Digitalization in Dental Healthcare during the pandemic COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 380-384
Author(s):  
Priyanka Paul Madhu ◽  
Yojana Patil ◽  
Aishwarya Rajesh Shinde ◽  
Sangeeta Kumar ◽  
Pratik Phansopkar
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Health Care Service ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
World Health ◽  
Record System ◽  
The World

disease in 2019, also called COVID-19, which has been widely spread worldwide had given rise to a pandemic situation. The public health emergency of international concern declared the agent as the (SARS-CoV-2) the severe acute respiratory syndrome and the World Health Organization had activated significant surveillance to prevent the spread of this infection across the world. Taking into the account about the rigorousness of COVID-19, and in the spark of the enormous dedication of several dental associations, it is essential to be enlightened with the recommendations to supervise dental patients and prevent any of education to the dental graduates due to institutional closure. One of the approaching expertise that combines technology, communications and health care facilities are to refine patient care, it’s at the cutting edge of the present technological switch in medicine and applied sciences. Dentistry has been improved by cloud technology which has refined and implemented various methods to upgrade electronic health record system, educational projects, social network and patient communication. Technology has immensely saved the world. Economically and has created an institutional task force to uplift the health care service during the COVID 19 pandemic crisis. Hence, the pandemic has struck an awakening of the practice of informatics in a health care facility which should be implemented and updated at the highest priority.

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