Sobre o ser doula: possíveis atuações de terapeutas ocupacionais no parto e nascimento / About being a doula: Possible actions of occupational therapists in childbirth and birth

Author(s):  
Victória Marques Santos ◽  
Alana De Paiva Nogueira Fornereto

Diante do atual cenário das políticas de humanização de assistência ao pré-natal, parto e nascimento e as diretrizes da Rede Cegonha, surge este estudo, fruto de um trabalho de conclusão de curso. O estudo em questão teve como objetivo compreender, a partir da visão de terapeutas ocupacionais que são doulas, suas principais ações e analisar se existem especificidades na sua atuação durante o processo de parto e nascimento. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, transversal e de caráter qualitativo, que adotou a técnica de coleta de dados bola de neve (“Snowball”). A coleta se deu por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas realizadas no estado de São Paulo com terapeutas ocupacionais que possuem capacitação de doulas. A análise de dados foi feita por meio da análise de conteúdo, através da técnica de análise temática. Os resultados apontam que a terapeuta ocupacional com formação de doula possui subsídio teórico e prático para compor e atuar junto à equipe de assistência à mulher e ao bebê e tanto a terapeuta ocupacional quanto a doula se preocupam com aspectos semelhantes no parto e nascimento. AbstractIn view of the current scenario of humanization policies for prenatal care, childbirth and birth and the guidelines of the "Rede Cegonha", this study emerges, the result of a course completion work. The study aimed to understand, from the perspective of occupational therapists who are doulas, their main actions and to analyze whether there are specificities in their performance during the process of childbirth and birth. This is an exploratory, cross-sectional and qualitative study, which adopted the Snowball data collection technique. The collection took place through semi-structured interviews conducted in the state of São Paulo with occupational therapists who have doulas training. Data analysis done through content analysis, using the thematic analysis technique. The results show that the occupational therapist with doula training has theoretical and practical support to compose and work with the team of assistance to women and babies and both the occupational therapist and the doula are concerned with similar aspects in childbirth and birth.Keywords: Occupational Therapy, Doula, "Rede Cegonha", Childbirth, Pregnancy. ResumenEn vista del escenario actual de las políticas de humanización para la atención prenatal, el parto y nacimiento y las pautas de Rede Cegonha, aparece este estudio, el resultado de un trabajo de finalización de curso. El estudio en cuestión tenía la intención de comprender, desde la perspectiva de los terapeutas ocupacionales que son doulas, sus principales acciones y analizar si hay especificidades en su desempeño durante el proceso de trabajo de parto y nacimiento. Este es un estudio exploratorio, transversal y cualitativo, que adopta la técnica de recolección de datos de bola de nieve ("Snowball"). La colección se realizó a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas en el estado de São Paulo con terapeutas ocupacionales que tienen capacitación en doulas. El análisis de datos se realizó mediante análisis de contenido, utilizando la técnica de análisis temático. Los resultados muestran que el terapeuta ocupacional con capacitación en doulas tiene apoyo teórico y práctico para componer y trabajar con el equipo de atención de la mujer y el bebé, y tanto el terapeuta ocupacional como la doula están preocupados por aspectos similares del trabajo de parto y nacimiento.Palabras clave: Terapia Ocupacional, Doula, “Rede Cegonha”, Parto, Embarazo. 

2014 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Cesar Scheffer

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Given that Brazil has a universal public policy for supplying medications to treat HIV and AIDS, the aim here was to describe the forms of relationship between physicians and the pharmaceutical companies that produce antiretrovirals (ARVs). DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted in the state of São Paulo. METHODS : Secondary database linkage was used, with structured interviews conducted by telephone among a sample group of 300 physicians representing 2,361 professionals who care for patients with HIV and AIDS. RESULTS : Around two thirds (64%) of the physicians prescribing ARVs for HIV and AIDS treatment in the state of São Paulo who were interviewed declared that they had some form of relationship with pharmaceutical companies, of which the most frequent were receipt of publications (54%), visits by sales promoters (51%) and receipt of small-value objects (47%). CONCLUSIONS: Two forms of relationship between the pharmaceutical industry and physicians who deal with HIV and AIDS can be highlighted: facilitation of professionals' access to continuing education; and antiretroviral drug brand name promotion.


Author(s):  
Mariana Felício De Godoy ◽  
Alline Souza Beraldo ◽  
Sulamita Gonzaga Silva Amorim ◽  
Maria Luisa Gazabim Simões Ballarin

A avaliação constitui etapa essencial no processo terapêutico ocupacional, entretanto, a produção de conhecimento sobre esta temática no cenário nacional é ainda escassa. Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a percepção de terapeutas ocupacionais sobre os processos de avaliação que realizam nos serviços que atuam na atenção à saúde mental de um município do interior de São Paulo, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, descritivo e de natureza qualitativa. Para tanto, foram analisados relatos pertinentes ao material coletado em campo, resultante da realização de 14 entrevistas semiestruturadas com os terapeutas ocupacionais, assim como a aplicação de questionário contendo perguntas abertas e fechadas. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que os terapeutas ocupacionais eram prioritariamente do sexo feminino, com média idade de 35 anos. Atuavam em diferentes serviços da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial do município - Centros de Atenção Psicossocial tipo, III, álcool e outras drogas, Serviço de Geração de Renda e Enfermaria de Psiquiatria em Hospital Geral. Constatou-se que os profissionais utilizavam diversas estratégias avaliativas, embora não utilizassem instrumentos padronizados e validados específicos da Terapia Ocupacional. Os entrevistados referiram avaliar os usuários em diferentes momentos (triagem, acolhimento e ao longo do processo de acompanhamento) e ressaltaram a importância da avaliação em outros contextos, no caso, o domicílio. As principais demandas dos usuários identificadas nos processos avaliativos relacionavam-se às dificuldades de realização nas atividades cotidianas. A análise dos resultados obtidos evidenciou a necessidade de que outros estudos possam ser desenvolvidos contribuindo assim para o oferecimento de um cuidado cada vez mais qualificado.Abstract The evaluation is an essential step in the occupational therapeutic process, however, the production of knowledge about this subject in the national scenario is still scarce. This study aims to analyze the perception of occupational therapist about the intervention process they perform in the mental health care services of a municipality in the interior of São Paulo, Brazil. This is an exploratory and descriptive study of a qualitative nature. In orderto do so, we analyzed pertinent reports on the material collected in the field, resulting from the accomplishment of 14 semi-structured interviews with the occupational therapists, as well as the application of a questionnaire containing open and closed questions. The results showed that occupational therapists were primarily female, with a mean age of 35 years. They worked in different services of the Psychosocial Attention Network of the city - Psychosocial Attention Centers type III, alcohol and other drugs, Income Generation Service and Psychiatric Nursing in General Hospital. It was found that professionals use several evaluative strategies, although they do not use standardized and validated instruments specific to occupational therapy. They refer to evaluating the users at different times (screening, reception and during the follow-up process) and emphasize the importance of evaluation in other contexts, in this case, the home. The main demands of the users identified in the evaluation processes related to the difficulties of accomplishment in daily activities. The analysis of the obtained results evidenced the need for other studies to be developed, thus contributing to the provision of increasingly qualified care.Key words: Evaluation; Mental health; Occupational therapy. Resumen El procedimiento de evaluación es un paso esencial en el proceso de terapia ocupacional, sin embargo, la producción de conocimiento sobre este tema en la escena nacional es todavía escasa. Así, este trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar la percipción de terapeutas ocupacionales sobre los procesos de evaluación que realizan en los servicios que actuán en la atención a la salud mental de un município del interior de São Paulo, Brasil. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio y descriptivo de naturaleza cualitativa. Por lo tanto, los informes se analizaron relevante para el material recogido en el campo, como resultado de la finalización de 14 entrevistas semiestructuradas con terapeutas ocupacionales, así como la aplicación de un cuestionario con preguntas abiertas y cerradas. Los resultados mostraron que los terapeutas ocupacionales eran principalmente mujeres, edad media 35 años. Se trabajó en diferentes departamentos de la Red de Atención Psicosocial del municipio - psicosocial tipo de centros de atención, III, alcohol y otras drogas, Servicio de Generación de Ingresos y Psiquiatría Ward en el Hospital General. Se encontró que los profesionales utilizan diversas estrategias de evaluación, pero no utilizan instrumentos estandarizados y validados terapia ocupacional específica. Refere evaluar usuarios en diferentes momentos (triaje, larecepción y todo el proceso de supervisión) y hacer hincapi é en la importancia de la evaluación en otros contextos, en este caso la casa. Las principales demandas de los usuarios identificados en los procesos de evaluación fueron relacionados con las dificultades de realización en las actividades diarias. El análisis de los resultados mostró la necesidad de realizar más estudios puede ser desarrollado que contribuye a ofrecer una atención cada vez más especializada.Palabras clave: Evaluación; Salud mental; Terapia ocupacional.


2021 ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Amitabh Kishor Dwivedi

INTRODUCTION: Spirituality has risen as of considerable recent interest in occupational therapy. Spirituality and occupational therapy is associated with the holistic, person centred approach to care in order to restore a sense of well-being and recognise individual coping strategies. Despite current global economic challenges and healthcare recongurations, there appears to be a professional drive not to return to a reductionist model of care delivery. The purpose of the study is to understand views of Occupational therapist on integrating spirituality in Occupational Therapy practice in India. OBJECTIVE: This qualitative pilot study endeavoured to understand views of Occupational Therapist on integrating spirituality as a domain of practice in Occupational Therapy in India. STUDYDESIGN:The study design of this study is a cross-sectional, qualitative narrative study design. METHOD: The qualitative descriptive study included twenty participants (n=20) who are expert in the eld of Occupational Therapy (Age mean ± SD 44 ± 9.88, in Years) with major inclusion criteria of minimal ten years' experience, were recruited for this study by using non-probability convenient and snow ball sampling method. The study was conducted with Occupational Therapist working in private and public sectors in India. The in-depth semi-structured interviews with senior Occupational Therapists were conducted to explore themes which covered views of Occupational Therapist on Spirituality as a domain of practice in Occupational Therapy in India RESULT: The themes which are generated as result of this study highlight the views of Occupational Therapists on integration of spirituality as domain of practice in occupational therapy in India. CONCLUSION:This study explored the current practices of spirituality as domain in occupational therapy in India.


Author(s):  
Patrícia Nabuco Martuscelli

Abstract Refugees in Brazil have no political rights. However, problems with family reunification visas in the Brazilian Embassy in Kinshasa was a cause that united Congolese refugees in Brazil. This article analyzes the political articulation of this group in São Paulo. I conducted semi-structured interviews with refugees who act as spokespersons for this movement, and I analysed their strategies of organization, presentation of claims, and political pressure to solve this issue through analysis of documents produced by them and delivered to Brazilian authorities. Even though they had no success, they developed an organizational structure composed by a WhatsApp group for fast communication and periodic meetings in person in the centre of São Paulo. This structure can be used to demand other rights and to continue to pressure the Brazilian government.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Antonio Florindo ◽  
Gavin Turrell ◽  
Leandro Martin Totaro Garcia ◽  
João Paulo dos Anjos Souza Barbosa ◽  
Michele Santos Cruz ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Sedentary behavior is influenced by contextual, social, and individual factors, including the built environment. However, associations between the built environment and sitting time have not been extensively investigated in countries with economies in transition such as Brazil. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between sitting-time and access to a mix of destinations for adults from Sao Paulo city, Brazil. Methods This study uses data from the Health Survey of Sao Paulo. Sedentary behavior was assessed by a questionnaire using two questions: total sitting time in minutes on a usual weekday; and on a usual weekend day. The mix of destinations was measured by summing the number of facilities (comprising bus stops, train/subway stations, parks, squares, public recreation centres, bike paths, primary health care units, supermarkets, food stores, bakeries, and coffee-shops) within 500 m of each participant’s residence. Minutes of sitting time in a typical weekday and weekend day were the outcomes and the mix of destinations score in 500 m buffers was the exposure variable. Associations between the mix of destinations and sitting time were examined using multilevel linear regression: these models accounted for clustering within census tracts and households and adjusted for environmental, sociodemographic, and health-related factors. Results After adjustment for covariates, the mix of destinations was inversely associated with minutes of sitting time on a weekday (β=− 8.8, p=0.001) and weekend day (β=− 6.1, p=0.022). People who lived in areas with a greater mix of destinations had shorter average sitting times. Conclusion Greater mix of destinations within 500 m of peoples’ residences was inversely associated with sitting time on a typical weekday and weekend day. In Latin American cities like Sao Paulo built environments more favorable for walking may contribute to reducing sedentary behavior and prevent associated chronic disease.


2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itamar S. Santos ◽  
Márcia Scazufca ◽  
Paulo A. Lotufo ◽  
Paulo R. Menezes ◽  
Isabela M. Benseñor

ABSTRACTBackground: Anemia and dementia are common diseases among the elderly, but conflicting data are available regarding an association between these two conditions. We analyzed data from the São Paulo Ageing & Health Study to address the relationship between anemia and dementia.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included participants aged 65 years and older from a deprived area of the borough of Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil. Data about demographics, education, income, and cognitive and daily life function were collected, as well as blood samples. Anemia and dementia were defined according to WHO and DSM-IV criteria, respectively.Results: Of the 2267 subjects meeting the inclusion criteria, 2072 agreed to participate in the study; of whom 1948 had a valid total blood count and were included in the analysis. Anemia was diagnosed in 203 (10.2%) participants and dementia in 99 (5.1%). The frequency of anemia was higher in patients with dementia according to univariate analysis (odds ratio (OR) = 2.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.17–3.41, p = 0.01), but this association was not present after adjusting for age (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 0.76–2.33, p = 0.32). Further multivariate adjustment did not change the results.Conclusion: Although anemia and dementia are frequent disorders in older people, we found their relationship to be mediated exclusively by aging in this low-income population from São Paulo.


2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 338-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Ramalho de Moraes ◽  
Gustavo Gonçalves Arliani ◽  
Paulo Henrique Schmidt Lara ◽  
Eli Henrique Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Jorge Roberto Pagura ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose is to compare the incidence and characteristics of injuries sustained in two consecutive seasons of the São Paulo State Football Championship. Methods: Prospective study performed using an electronic form previously developed by the Medical Committee of the São Paulo State Football Federation, sent to the physicians responsible for the tournament's series A1 and A2 teams, after each round. Results: 17.63 injuries sustained per 1000 hours of matches in the A1 series and 14.91 injuries sustained per 1000 hours of matches in the A2 series. Incidence of injuries per 1000 hours of matches decreased from 24.16 to 17.63 in the A1 series (p<0.037) and from 19.10 to 14.01 in the A2 series (p<0.064). External defenders suffered most injuries, while muscular injuries were most common and lower limbs, the most affected areas. Most injuries occurred between 30 and 45 minutes of the match and only 11.9% of the injuries required surgery. Conclusions: Prevalence and frequency of injuries decreased between seasons. Most injuries were sustained in the lower limbs; strains were the most common injuries, followed by strains and contusions; MRIs were the most frequently requested exams and most injuries were classified as moderate (8-28 days). Level of evidence III, Cross-Sectional Study.


2007 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-185
Author(s):  
Ana Paula de Carvalho Panzeri Carlotti ◽  
Maria Lúcia Silveira Ferlin ◽  
Francisco Eulógio Martinez

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Neonatal resuscitation should be part of medical school curriculums. We aimed to evaluate medical school graduates' knowledge of neonatal resuscitation. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study on the performance of candidates sitting a medical residency exam at Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, in 2004. METHODS: There were two questions on neonatal resuscitation. One question in the theory test aimed at evaluating basic knowledge on the initial approach towards newly born infants. The question in the practical exam was designed to evaluate the candidate's ability to perform the initial steps of resuscitation and to establish bag-mask ventilation. RESULTS: Out of 642 candidates from 74 medical schools, 151 (23.5%) answered the theory question correctly. Significantly more physicians from public medical schools in the State of São Paulo answered correctly than did those from other schools in Brazil (52.5% versus 9.2%; p < 0.05). A total of 436 candidates did the practical exam. The grades among graduates from medical schools belonging to the State of São Paulo were significantly higher than among those from other schools (5.9 ± 2.6 versus 4.1 ± 2.1; p < 0.001). The grades for the practical question among candidates who had answered the theory question correctly were significantly higher than those obtained by candidates who had given wrong answers (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Medical school graduates' knowledge of neonate resuscitation in the delivery room is quite precarious. Emphasis on neonatal resuscitation training is urgently needed in medical schools.


2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Renata Dejtiar Waksman ◽  
Renato Melli Carrera ◽  
Erica Santos ◽  
Sulim Abramovici ◽  
Cláudio Schvartsman

Objective : To identify the factors that determine unintentional injuries in children living in the community of Paraisopolis, in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods : A cross-sectional and non-controlled study. Data collected during 4 consecutive months through questionnaires filled out for the Einstein Program in Paraisopolis Community included identification of the patient and his/her family, scholarity level, housing conditions, storage of hazardous products, access to the streets and concrete slab ceilings, supervision, and trauma mechanism involved. The observed data were treated as absolute and relative frequencies; χ2, Fisher’s exact test, Student’s t test, and Mann-Whitney’s tests were implemented, with a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). Results : A total of 1,490 questionnaires were analyzed. There was a predominance of trauma within boys (59.6%) and the medium age was 5.2 years. The predominant educational level of the parents was incomplete junior school education. The main caregiver identified was the mother (69.4%). Among the children that suffered trauma, 56.4% belonged to large families (≥6 people), lived in houses up to three rooms, and a family income up to R$ 1,000.00 (76.6%). Easy access to hazardous materials was considerable and free access to concrete slab ceilings was reported in 92.8% of the cases. The main trauma mechanisms were falls and burns. In this study, the child victim of a fall was aged under 5 years. Conclusion : Small children that live in a hazardous environment have a significant tendency to suffering trauma


2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 375-383
Author(s):  
Gail Boniface ◽  
Deborah Morgan

Introduction Six reviews/inquiries into housing adaptations/home modifications processes occurred in Wales between 2004 and 2015. One resulted in the removal of the means test for children's Disabled Facilities Grants. This research investigated families' and professionals' experiences of the adaptations/home modification process to gain an understanding of their views and experiences. Method Mixed methods of an online questionnaire for professionals, and semi-structured interviews or an online questionnaire for families (depending on their preference), were employed. Forty-eight families participated and an additional 16 families responded to an online questionnaire. Analysis of qualitative data identified emergent themes, which are discussed in this article. Findings The themes were: poor information and communication mainly aimed at older adults; negative experience of the process; and the positive impact of the completed adaptation. Additionally, whilst undergoing the process, families felt that they needed a contact to guide them through the process. This contact was often by default the community occupational therapist. Conclusion A single contact person should be made available for families; occupational therapists should consider their part in that role; more specific information on children's needs should be provided; families need to recognize the part they can play in adding to delays in the delivery of adaptations.


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