scholarly journals Dispositivos de tecnologia assistiva para crianças e adolescentes com deficiência física confeccionados em projetos de extensão para comunidade / Assistive technology devices for children and adolescents with physical disabilities made in a community extension project

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-60
Author(s):  
Bruna Araújo Morais Xavier ◽  
Gilma Correa Coutinho ◽  
Mariana Midori Sime ◽  
Fabiana Drumond Marinho
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Made In

Os dispositivos de Tecnologia Assistiva (TA) proporcionam autonomia às pessoas com deficiência. O objetivo do estudo foi investigar que tipos de dispositivos de TA de baixo custo têm sido confeccionados pela terapia ocupacional para crianças e adolescentes com deficiência física em um projeto de extensão universitário, caracterizando o material, o perfil epidemiológico e demográfico, e as atividades da vida diária auxiliadas com o uso dos dispositivos. Método: Estudo de análise documental realizado nas fichas de atendimento de pacientes na faixa etária de 0-18 anos, no período de 2013 a 2018. Os dados analisados foram sexo, idade, diagnóstico, município de moradia, tipo de dispositivo, material utilizado e as atividades da vida diária para o uso dos dispositivos. Resultados e Discussão: Foram analisadas 91 fichas de pacientes residentes em 26 municípios. Dentre os 27 diagnósticos encontrados, 7 casos considerados raros foram atendidos, e os de paralisia cerebral foram os mais frequentes. Dos dispositivos, as órteses estáticas e as adaptações para escrita foram as que mais atenderam aos pacientes, sendo utilizado o termoplástico e outros materiais de baixo custo, como o EVA e a madeira para a confecção. As órteses e as adaptações foram utilizadas nas atividades da vida diária de alimentação, escrita, vestuário e higiene. Considerações: Através do projeto de extensão, crianças e adolescentes com deficiência física tiveram acesso gratuito à dispositivos de TA, que deveriam ser ofertados pelos órgãos públicos de saúde em seus municípios de moradia. A vivência também favoreceu a potencialização do aprendizado dos discentes na atuação clínica da terapia ocupacional com a comunidade. Abstract Assistive Technology (AT) devices provide autonomy to people with disabilities. The aim of the study was to investigate what types of low-cost AT devices have been made by occupational therapy for children and adolescents with physical disabilities in a university extension project, featuring the material, the epidemiological and demographic profile, and the activities of life daily assistance with the use of the devices. Method: Document analysis study carried out on patient care records in the age group 0-18 years, from 2013 to 2018. The data analyzed were sex, age, diagnosis, municipality of residence, type of device, material used and activities of daily living for the use of devices. Results and Discussion: 91 records of patients residing in 26 municipalities were analyzed. Among the 27 diagnoses found, 7 cases considered rare were attended to, and cerebral palsy cases were the most frequent. Of the devices, static orthoses and adaptations for writing were the ones that most attended patients, using thermoplastic and other low-cost materials, such as EVA and wood for making. Orthoses and adaptations were used in daily activities of food, writing, clothing and hygiene. Considerations: Through the extension project, children and adolescents with physical disabilities had free access to AT devices, which should be offered by public health agencies in their municipalities. The experience also favored the enhancement of students' learning in the clinical performance of occupational therapy with the community.Keywords: Education, Assistive technology, Child, Adolescent, Physical disability, Occupational Therapy Resumen Los dispositivos de tecnología de asistencia (AT) brindan autonomía a las personas con discapacidad. El objetivo del estudio fue investigar qué tipos de dispositivos de TA de bajo costo han sido fabricados por terapia ocupacional para niños y adolescentes con discapacidad física en un proyecto de extensión universitaria, destacando el material, el perfil epidemiológico y demográfico y las actividades de la vida. Asistencia diaria con el uso de los dispositivos. Método: Estudio de análisis documental realizado sobre historias clínicas de pacientes en el grupo de edad 0-18 años, de 2013 a 2018. Los datos analizados fueron sexo, edad, diagnóstico, municipio de residencia, tipo de dispositivo, material utilizado y actividades de la vida diaria para el uso de dispositivos. Resultados y Discusión: Se analizaron 91 registros de pacientes residentes en 26 municipios. De los 27 diagnósticos encontrados, se atendieron 7 casos considerados raros y los casos de parálisis cerebral fueron los más frecuentes. De los dispositivos, las ortesis estáticas y las adaptaciones para la escritura fueron las que más atendieron a los pacientes, utilizando termoplásticos y otros materiales de bajo costo, como EVA y madera para su confección. Se utilizaron órtesis y adaptaciones en las actividades diarias de alimentación, escritura, vestimenta e higiene. Consideraciones: A través del proyecto de extensión, los niños, niñas y adolescentes con discapacidad física tuvieron acceso gratuito a los dispositivos de TA, los cuales deben ser ofrecidos por las agencias de salud pública en sus municipios. La experiencia también favoreció la mejora del aprendizaje de los estudiantes en el desempeño clínico de la terapia ocupacional con la comunidad.Palabras clave: Educación, Tecnología de asistencia, Niños, Adolescentes, Discapacidad física, Terapia ocupacional

scholarly journals Novel Approaches to Diagnose COVID-19

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Solaf Jawhar Ali
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Acute Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Laboratory Examinations

An widespread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019 has occurred worldwide.  Public health agencies are in need of developing diagnostic tools which will have a major impact in tracking the virus and suppressing the transmission. Diagnosis of the disease is based on clinical symptoms, epidemiological history and laboratory examinations. Severe acute respiratory diseases with fever and ,cough and dyspnea, are used as the case definition to select people for testing. Different samples taken from the human body such as oropharyngeal (OP) and nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs are used to detect the virus. SARS-CoV-2 can be detected with different methods in the laboratory including real time RT-PCR, chest CT scan and immunoassays. Viral nucleic acid testing has played important role in control COVIDI-19 outbreak.  More recently, a new CRISPR-based DETECTR assay has been developed to detect COVID-19. This test is rapid (~30 min), low-cost, and precise for identification of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, immunoassays and medical imaging can use as supplementary tests, combined with RT-PCR. This review is conducted to summarizes the current information on the present diagnostic approaches for SARS-CoV-2.

Holistic Approach to Physical Motor Access Assessment in Pediatric AAC

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kay
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Physical Disability ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Physical Access

Clinicians in the fields of occupational therapy and speech-language pathology have been involved with assessing children with physical disabilities for augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) for decades. Still, assessment for these particular children, with their varying levels of complexity, continues to offer significant challenges to clinical evaluation teams. Even when the speech-language pathology intervention seems clear, complications arise and assessments can become stalled as to the child's physical access to the technology. This paper seeks to identify the need for clinicians skilled in the areas of AAC and assistive technology, and review the inherent challenges faced in the assessment of a child with a physical disability for AAC. An introduction to a holistic approach to the physical access assessment portion of the overall AAC assessment is then provided, along with examples where the application of a holistic approach may affect the physical access decisions made by the team.

The Perils of Partnership

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan H. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Public Bodies

Collaboration with industry has become the paradigm in public health. Governments commonly develop close relationships with companies that are creating or exacerbating the very problems public health agencies are trying to solve. Nowhere is this more evident than in partnerships with food and soda companies to address obesity and diet-related noncommunicable diseases. The author argues that public-private partnerships and multistakeholder initiatives create webs of influence that undermine the integrity of public health agencies; distort public health research and policy; and reinforce the framing of public health problems and their solutions in ways that are least threatening to the commercial interests of corporate “partners.” We should expect multinational corporations to develop strategies of influence. But public bodies need to develop counter-strategies to insulate themselves from corporate influence in all its forms. The author reviews the ways in which we regulate public-public interactions (separation of powers) and private-private interactions (antitrust and competition laws), and argues for an analogous set of norms to govern public-private interactions. The book also offers a novel framework that is designed to help public bodies identify the systemic ethical implications of their existing or proposed relationships with industry actors. The book makes a compelling case that, in public health, the paradigm public-private interaction should be at arm’s length: separation, not collaboration. The author calls for a new paradigm to protect and promote public health while avoiding the ethical perils of partnership with industry.

scholarly journals International Perspectives on COVID-19 Communication Ecologies: Public Health Agencies’ Online Communication in Italy, Sweden, and the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 000276422199283
Author(s):  
Serena Tagliacozzo ◽  
Frederike Albrecht ◽  
N. Emel Ganapati
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Communication Ecology ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
National Public Health

Communicating during a crisis can be challenging for public agencies as their communication ecology becomes increasingly complex while the need for fast and reliable public communication remains high. Using the lens of communication ecology, this study examines the online communication of national public health agencies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy, Sweden, and the United States. Based on content analysis of Twitter data ( n = 856) and agency press releases ( n = 95), this article investigates two main questions: (1) How, and to what extent, did national public health agencies coordinate their online communication with other agencies and organizations? (2) How was online communication from the agencies diversified in terms of targeting specific organizations and social groups? Our findings indicate that public health agencies relied heavily on internal scientific expertise and predominately coordinated their communication efforts with national government agencies. Furthermore, our analysis reveals that agencies in each country differed in how they diversify information; however, all agencies provided tailored information to at least some organizations and social groups. Across the three countries, information tailored for several vulnerable groups (e.g., pregnant women, people with disabilities, immigrants, and homeless populations) was largely absent, which may contribute to negative consequences for these groups.

scholarly journals Non-woven materials for cloth-based face mask inserts: Relationship between material properties and sub-micron aerosol filtration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh Crilley ◽  
Brian Malile ◽  
Andrea Angelucci ◽  
Cora Young ◽  
Trevor C. VandenBoer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Aerosol Filtration ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Current Guidance

Current guidance by leading public health agencies recommends wearing a 3-layer cloth-based face mask with a middle non-woven material insert to reduce the transmission of infectious respiratory viruses like SARS-CoV-2....

scholarly journals A Framework for a New Approach to Empower Users Through Low-Cost and Do-It-Yourself Assistive Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3039
Author(s):  
Thais Pousada García ◽  
Jessica Garabal-Barbeira ◽  
Patricia Porto Trillo ◽  
Olalla Vilar Figueira ◽  
Cristina Novo Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Assistive Device ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Do It Yourself ◽  
Principles Of Design

Background: Assistive Technology (AT) refers to “assistive products and related systems and services developed for people to maintain or improve functioning and thereby to promote well-being”. Improving the process of design and creation of assistive products is an important step towards strengthening AT provision. Purpose: (1) to present a framework for designing and creating Low-Cost AT; (2) to display the preliminary results and evidence derived from applying the framework. Methodology: First, an evidence-based process was applied to develop and conceptualize the framework. Then, a pilot project to validate the framework was carried out. The sample was formed by 11 people with disabilities. The measure instruments were specific questionnaire, several forms of the Matching Person-Technology model, the Psychosocial Impact of Assistive Device Scale, and a tool to assess the usability and universal design of AT. Results: The framework integrates three phases: Identification (Design), Creation (Making the prototype), and Implementation (Outcome Measures), based on the principles of Design Thinking, and with a user-centered perspective. The preliminary results showed the coherence of the entire process and its applicability. The matching between person and device was high, representing the importance of involving the user in the design and selection of AT. Conclusions: The framework is a guide for professionals and users to apply a Low-Cost and Do-It-Yourself perspective to the provision of AT. It highlights the importance of monitoring the entire procedure and measuring the effects, by applying the outcome measures.

scholarly journals Bimetallic Ni-Based Catalysts for CO2 Methanation: A Review

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Anastasios I. Tsiotsias ◽  
Nikolaos D. Charisiou ◽  
Ioannis V. Yentekakis ◽  
Maria A. Goula
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Alloy Formation ◽  
Co2 Methanation ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Mobile Sources ◽  
Low Dispersion ◽  
Made In

CO2 methanation has recently emerged as a process that targets the reduction in anthropogenic CO2 emissions, via the conversion of CO2 captured from point and mobile sources, as well as H2 produced from renewables into CH4. Ni, among the early transition metals, as well as Ru and Rh, among the noble metals, have been known to be among the most active methanation catalysts, with Ni being favoured due to its low cost and high natural abundance. However, insufficient low-temperature activity, low dispersion and reducibility, as well as nanoparticle sintering are some of the main drawbacks when using Ni-based catalysts. Such problems can be partly overcome via the introduction of a second transition metal (e.g., Fe, Co) or a noble metal (e.g., Ru, Rh, Pt, Pd and Re) in Ni-based catalysts. Through Ni-M alloy formation, or the intricate synergy between two adjacent metallic phases, new high-performing and low-cost methanation catalysts can be obtained. This review summarizes and critically discusses recent progress made in the field of bimetallic Ni-M (M = Fe, Co, Cu, Ru, Rh, Pt, Pd, Re)-based catalyst development for the CO2 methanation reaction.

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