scholarly journals Religion, community resilience and countering violent extremism in Dir Valley, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-227
Author(s):  
Imran Ahmad Sajid ◽  
Shakeel Ahmed ◽  
Beenish Ijaz Butt
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Community Perception ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Peace And Conflict ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Building Community ◽  
Role Of Religion

The post 9/11 terrorism and subsequent wave of violent extremism has generated a significant interest in the role of religion in both peace and conflict. Religion is a significant part of the lives of a significant majority the global population. This realization has led policy makers to seek ways in which religious leaders can and had impacted the community resilience towards violent extremism. Swat and Dir valleys have seen the brunt of violent extremism in the recent past. This extremism was generated and exploited by a few religiously motivated violent organizations. However, we believe there were religious leaders who opposed this surge of violent extremism in those specific communities. This research aims at finding out whether religious leaders mobilized the communities for countering violent extremism. In order to do that, a quantitative survey was designed whereby a community perception was measured. The data was collected from 180 respondents from both the districts of Dir valley, i.e., lower Dir and upper Dir. Our data shows that religious leaders played some role in building community resilience. In terms of bonding, they played a significant role. In terms of bridging, they also played a significant role. However, in terms of linking, the religious leaders played a little role.

scholarly journals Role of Religious Leaders in Mobilizing Communities to Counter Violent Extremism

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-47
Author(s):  
Shakeel Ahmed ◽  
Imran A. Sajid ◽  
Syed Irfan Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Mixed Method Research ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
War On Terrorism ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Analysis Strategy ◽  
Building Community

Swat and Dir valleys in Pakistan have seen the brunt of post 9/11 violent extremism in the recent past. Because this extremism was generated and exploited by a few religiously motivated violent organizations, a popular perception emerged that all religious leaders of the society were involved in terrorism. Therefore, this research focuses on the role played by those religious leaders who involved themselves in mobilizing local communities against violent extremism. Employing a mixed-method research approach and sequential analysis strategy our data shows that most of the common local religious leaders played positive role in building community resilience to countering violent extremism during the early phase of the War on Terrorism in these two valleys.

POLICY CHANGE – THE ROLE OF IDEAS AND POLICY ENTREPRENEURS

2018 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Arwanto Arwanto ◽  
Wike Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Policy Entrepreneurs ◽  
Multiple Streams ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Problem Framing ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Understanding policy process involves many distinctive approaches. The most common are institutional, groups or networks, exogenous factors, rational actors, and idea-based approach. This paper discussed the idea-based approach to explain policy process, in this case policy change. It aims to analyse how ideas could assist people to understand policy change. What role do they play and why are they considered as fundamental element? It considers that ideas are belong to every policy actor, whether it is individual or institution. In order to answer these questions, this paper adopts Kingdon’s multi streams approach to analyse academic literatures. Through this approach, the relationship between ideas and policy change can be seen clearer. Ideas only can affect in policy change if it is agreed and accepted by policy makers. Therefore the receptivity of ideas plays significant role and it emerges policy entrepreneurs. They promote ideas (through problem framing, timing, and narrative construction) and manipulate in order to ensure the receptivity of ideas. Although policy entrepreneurs play significant role, political aspects remains the most important element in the policy process. Keywords: policy change, ideas, idea-based approach, Kingdon’s multiple streams, policy entrepreneurs.

Challenges for Entrepreneurs of ‘Religious Tourism Circuits’: A Study of ‘Holy City’ Kurukshetra

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reeti Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Travel Agencies ◽  
Religious Tourism ◽  
Restaurant Owners ◽  
Holy City

Government of India launched a ‘Swadesh Darshan Scheme’ in January 2015 that pinpoints 13 designated circuits including Ramayana circuit, Krishna Circuit, Buddhist Circuit, and Spiritual Circuit to promote religious and cultural tourism in the country. Kurukshetra is a ‘Holy City’ of State of Haryana that is recently been added in ‘Krishna Religious Tourism Circuit’. ‘Krishna Circuit’ embraces inherent mythology and beliefs pertaining to Lord Krishna and includes different place of Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujrat, and Odisha for tourism facilitation. This scheme is alleged to contribute significantly in increasing the attractiveness of certain religious tourist destinations. Tourism entrepreneurs like hoteliers, restaurant owners, tour operators, travel agencies as well as religious entrepreneurs (Shinde, 2010) such as religious gurus, priests and managers of temples and ashrams are expected to get benefited from the initiatives proposed in the scheme in varied ways. Given the significant role of this scheme for growth of entrepreneurs, the present study aims to highlight the challenges faced by entrepreneurs that deserve attention of policy makers.

The Role of For-Profit Firms in Disaster Management: A Typology

2021 ◽  
pp. 027614672110201
Author(s):  
Swapan Deep Arora ◽  
Anirban Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Sustained Development ◽  
For Profit ◽  
State Initiative ◽  
Marketing Orientation ◽  
Disaster Studies ◽  
Building Community ◽  
Multiple Levels

Contemporary existence presents a duality of sustained development and recurrent disasters. Whereas disaster studies have closely examined public policy and state initiative, the role of for-profits is under-explored. Stakeholder theory and its integration with marketing orientation provide a theoretical underpinning for understanding the behavior of firms across contingencies, including disasters. Accordingly, we traverse the range of actions that these market entities exhibit in aiding disaster management and develop a comprehensive typology. The current COVID-19 pandemic provides a context for illustrating the practical exemplar actions as mapped to the proposed typology. We add to theory by examining the role of marketing philosophy and for-profits in tackling disasters at multiple levels: from micro-aspects of maintaining relations with specific stakeholders to the macro-objective of building community resilience. Further, the proposed typology helps practice and research by highlighting the range of firms' responses contributing to disaster management and building community resilience.

scholarly journals What lies beyond social capital? The role of social psychology in building community resilience to climate change.

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos Ntontis ◽  
John Drury ◽  
Richard Amlôt ◽  
Gideon James Rubin ◽  
Richard Williams
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Building Community

Risk and resilient architectural practices in informal settlements – the role of NGOs

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nuno Martins ◽  
Aline Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Community Mapping ◽  
Slum Upgrading ◽  
Building Community ◽  
Incremental Housing

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the role played by small-size non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in slum upgrading, building and incremental housing processes in Brazil and Guinea-Bissau, focusing, in particular, on actions to reduce vulnerabilities and enhance community resilience. Design/methodology/approach The research method relied on literature review and fieldwork. It included surveys, activities with the communities, interviews and questionnaires. The data collected were subject to cross-disciplinary and comparative analysis. Findings The paper analyses the innovative methods and solutions used by NGOs in informal settlement upgrading and housing improvement works related to disaster risk reduction, namely, community mapping and design, and show how they end up building community resilience. Research limitations/implications Grasping the impacts of NGOs’ work whether in slums of Brazil or Africa requires staying with communities for a significant amount of time. However, those stays raise many practical problems regarding security, health and related costs. Originality/value The existing literature misses to address from a comparative perspective, the methods used by social workers and designers teams in slums. This paper aims at filling this gap in slum studies. Its originality and value rely on the particular experience of the authors, who were personally involved in the NGOs actions and could deepen the connections between vulnerabilities, risk and successful aid-self-help practices.

Building Community Resilience to Counter Violent Extremism

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stevan Weine ◽  
Schuyler Henderson ◽  
Stephen Shanfield ◽  
Rupinder Legha ◽  
Jerrold Post
Keyword(s):  
Community Resilience ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Building Community

Fragility and Insurgency as Outcomes of Underdevelopment of Public Infrastructure and Socio-Economic Deprivation: The Case of Boko Haram in the Lake Chad Basin

2020 ◽  
pp. 154231662095018
Author(s):  
Robert A. Tayimlong
Keyword(s):  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
Economic Deprivation ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Lake Chad ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Lake Chad Basin ◽  
Role Of Religion

2019 marked 10 years since the beginning of the Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria—a violent conflict that later spilled over to Chad, Cameroon, and Niger, killing over 37000 people and displacing 2.6 million. For over a decade, researchers and policy makers in peacebuilding and development have been trying to understand the drivers of conflict in order to find lasting solutions. Whilst violent conflicts rarely have straightforward explanations, the narrative on the Boko Haram insurgency has been somewhat reductionist, largely addressing the role of religion, and to a lesser extent, other drivers. Moreover, a lot of the literature has focused on Nigeria, for the obvious reason that it was the birthplace of Boko Haram and the epicentre of its activities. As a result of the disproportionate focus on Nigeria, data on the conditions in the affected regions and provinces of Chad, Cameroon, and Niger that facilitated the regional spill over are very minimal. To fill the gap, this article examines the role of the underdevelopment of public infrastructure and socio-economic deprivation as underlying drivers of the insurgency in all four affected countries. Complemented by data from secondary sources, the article builds on primary evidence from field observation, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions in Borno State of Nigeria, the Lake Province of Chad, the Far North Region of Cameroon, and the Diffa Region of Niger, to establish the link between infrastructural development gaps, illiteracy, unemployment, and poverty and the Boko Haram insurgency.

The Role of Disaster Entrepreneurship in Building Community Resilience

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 12614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina K. Linnenluecke ◽  
Brent A McKnight
Keyword(s):  
Community Resilience ◽  
Building Community
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