scholarly journals The presence of pesticide residue in farmer market produce

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
RuJun Zhou ◽  
BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health ◽  
Dale Chen ◽  
Hsin Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residue ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farmers Markets ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Maximum Residue Level ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Health Canada

Background: Thiabendazole is a pesticide that is mainly used after harvesting and directly applied to produce such as citrus fruits, apples, pears, bananas, mangos, corn, carrots and potatoes in the form of a spray or dip. The most common and most likely route of exposure to pesticide for the average person is through their diet. Studies have shown that the health risk of regular consumption of pesticide residue through produce is linked with disruption to various functions in the body, such as reproductive, developmental and hormone irregularity. The following study tests whether fruits and vegetables sold at farmers markets contain Thiabendazole and if they are below the acceptable Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) set by Health Canada. Methods: A QuEChERS method and solid phase extraction was used to recover Thiabendazole from various fruits and vegetables. The gas chromatography was used to analyze all samples and a calibration curve was produced to identify the concentration of Thiabendazole. Results: Thiabendazole was detected in all of the citrus fruit samples, but was below detectable limits for all other fruits and vegetables. All Thiabendazole levels were below the Maximum Residue Level allowed by Health Canada. Conclusion: The various fruits and vegetables analyzed are all below the MRL, with only the citrus fruits having detectable concentrations. However, since the citrus fruits were imported, further studies are required on different pesticide compounds to determine if locally grown produce meet the MRL for other pesticide compounds.  

scholarly journals Quantification of Morpholine in Peel and Pulp of Apples and Oranges by Gas Chromatography−Mass Spectrometry

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 746
Author(s):  
Kunho An ◽  
Inhwan Kim ◽  
Chan Lee ◽  
Joon-Kwan Moon ◽  
Hee-Jae Suh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Method Detection Limit ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Morpholine salts of fatty acids have been used in wax coatings on the surfaces of fruit and vegetable commodities in China and the United States, etc. However, morpholine usage was prohibited in many other countries because of safety concerns. We optimized analytical methods to determine morpholine in the peel and pulp of fruits and vegetables by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This morpholine analysis method was applied to real samples of apples, citrus fruits, and vegetables from Korea, China, and the U.S. The method was validated using apple and citrus fruit peels and pulp. The method detection limit (MDL) was 1.3–3.3 µg/kg. The recovery rates of morpholine were 88.6–107.2% over a fortified level of 10–400 µg/kg. Intra-day and inter-day precisions were 1.4–9.4% and 1.5–2.8%, respectively. The morpholine concentrations were n.d. (not detected)–11.19 and n.d. (not detected)–12.82 µg/kg in apple and citrus peels, respectively. Morpholine was not detected in citrus or apple pulp samples or in vegetable samples.

scholarly journals VETERINARY AND SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY CONTROL OF CITRUS FRUIT

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
O. M. Burmistrova ◽  
N. L. Naumova ◽  
Yu. A. Betz
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
The State ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Food Markets ◽  
Plant Products ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region

The modern Russian market is represented by a wide range of exotic types of plant products imported from different countries. Currently, there are more frequent cases when in fruits and vegetables there is an increased content of nitrates and toxic elements. Exotic types of plant products sold on food markets are allowed for sale only after passing veterinary and sanitary control in the State laboratories of veterinary and sanitary examination. The aim of the research was the veterinary and phytosanitary control of citrus fruits sold on the commodity market of the Chelyabinsk region. As the objects of research used fresh tangerines, oranges and pomelo, sold in the «Central Market» of Troitsk, Chelyabinsk region. It was found that only the labeling of the studied mandarin samples was complete and in accordance with the regulated requirements of the State Standard 51074–2003, Technical Regulations of the Customs Union 022/2011 and 005/2011. The organoleptic and physical characteristics of the tested samples were in accordance with the rules of the Rules for Veterinary Sanitary Expertise of Plant Food Products in the Veterinary Sanitary Expertise Laboratories of the Markets and the applicable State Standards – 4428–82, 4427–82, 34307–2017. Fresh tangerines, oranges and pomelo were safe for the content of lead, cadmium and nitrates in accordance with the norms of the Sanitary Rules and Norms 2.3.2.1078–01 and Technical Regulation of the Customs Union 021/2011. However, the amounts of lead and cadmium were more detected in the pulp, and the amount of nitrates was the same in the pulp and in the peel of citrus fruits.

scholarly journals Variation of Patulin Levels in Citrus Fruits from Central Cities of Punjab and Northern Cities of Pakistan, and Estimation of Dietary Intake

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahzad Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Uv Detector ◽  
Central Cities ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Northern Cities

The research aims to discover the natural occurrence of patulin (PAT) in selected citrus fruits from the central cities of Punjab and Pakistan's Northern cities. Total 2970 samples of twelve citrus fruits; kinnow, orange, grapefruits, bitter orange, mausami, red blood, pineapple, sweet orange, rough lime, sweet lime, kagzi lime and lemon were examined using liquid chromatography fitted with UV detector. The limit of detection (LOD) and quantification limit was 0.04 and 0.12 µg/kg, respectively. The results have shown that 56% of samples of citrus fruits from Punjab's central cities, Pakistan, were discovered to be infected from PAT. The elevated amounts of PAT ranging from 0.04 to 1150 µg/kg were found in citrus fruit samples from Multan cities. Furthermore, 31.7% of samples of citrus fruits from Northern cities of Pakistan were discovered to be infected with PAT, and the elevated amounts were found ranging from 0.04-320 µg/kg from Swat city. About 22.1% of samples of citrus fruits have levels of PAT greater than the suggested limits established by the European Union (EU). PAT's dietary intake levels ranged from 0.10-1.11 µg/kg bw/day from the central cities of Punjab, Pakistan, and 0.13-1.93 µg/kg bw/day were documented from Northern cities of Pakistan

scholarly journals Variation of Patulin Levels in Citrus Fruits From Central Cities of Punjab and Northern Cities of Pakistan, and Estimation of Dietary Intake

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinza Aslam ◽  
Shahzad Zafar Iqbal ◽  
Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis ◽  
Sunusi Usman ◽  
Nada Basheir Ali
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Uv Detector ◽  
Central Cities ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Northern Cities

The research aims to discover the natural occurrence of patulin (PAT) in selected citrus fruits from the central cities of Punjab and Pakistan's Northern cities. Total 2970 samples of twelve citrus fruits; kinnow, orange, grapefruits, bitter orange, mausami, red blood, pineapple, sweet orange, rough lime, sweet lime, kagzi lime and lemon were examined using liquid chromatography fitted with UV detector. The limit of detection (LOD) and quantification limit was 0.04 and 0.12 µg/kg, respectively. The results have shown that 56% of samples of citrus fruits from Punjab's central cities, Pakistan, were discovered to be infected from PAT. The elevated amounts of PAT ranging from 0.04 to 1150 µg/kg were found in citrus fruit samples from Multan cities. Furthermore, 31.7% of samples of citrus fruits from Northern cities of Pakistan were discovered to be infected with PAT, and the elevated amounts were found ranging from 0.04-320 µg/kg from Swat city. About 22.1% of samples of citrus fruits have levels of PAT greater than the suggested limits established by the European Union (EU). PAT's dietary intake levels ranged from 0.10-1.11 µg/kg bw/day from the central cities of Punjab, Pakistan, and 0.13-1.93 µg/kg bw/day were documented from Northern cities of Pakistan.

scholarly journals Determination of Thiabendazole Residues in Whole Citrus Fruits by Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 579-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rene V Arenas ◽  
Hafizur Rahman ◽  
Nelson A Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Detection ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Extraction Column ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Average Recovery ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Sensitive Method

Abstract An existing liquid chromatographic (LC) methodfor determination of thiabendazole (TBZ) residues inor on whole green bananas and potatoes was applied to whole, unwashed citrus fruits. The method is applicable for determining TBZ residues in whole oranges,grapefruits, tangerines, and lemons. TBZ is extracted from citrus homogenate with ethyl acetate, and theextract is cleaned up on a cation-exchange, solid-phase extraction column. The purified extract is analyzed by LC with a cation-ex change column and fluorescence detection. Average recovery of TBZ from whole citrus fruits fortified with TBZ at 0.05-20 ppm was 96%. The assay provides a simple, rapid, and sensitive method for monitoring TBZ residues in whole citrus fruit.

scholarly journals Patulin Contamination of Citrus Fruits from Punjab and Northern Pakistan and Estimation of Associated Dietary Intake

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2270
Author(s):  
Kinza Aslam ◽  
Shahzad Zafar Iqbal ◽  
Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis ◽  
Sunusi Usman ◽  
Nada Basheir Ali
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Northern Pakistan ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Uv Detector ◽  
Central Cities ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Northern Cities

This research aims to assess the natural occurrence of patulin (PAT) in selected citrus fruits from central cities of Punjab and Pakistan’s northern cities. A total of 2970 fruit samples from 12 citrus cultivars were examined using liquid chromatography fitted with a UV detector. The detection limit (LOD) and quantification limit were 0.04 and 0.12 µg/kg, respectively. About 56% of samples of citrus fruits from Punjab’s central cities, Pakistan, were found to be contaminated with PAT, with values ranging from 0.12 to 1150 µg/kg in samples from central Punjab cities. Furthermore, 31.7% of samples of citrus fruits from northern cities of Pakistan were contaminated with PAT, with values ranging from 0.12 to 320 µg/kg. About 22.1% of citrus fruit samples had PAT levels greater than the suggested limits established by the European Union (EU). The dietary intake levels of PAT ranged from 0.10 to 1.11 µg/kg bw/day in the central cities of Punjab, Pakistan, and 0.13 to 1.93 µg/kg bw/day in the northern cities of Pakistan.

scholarly journals Application of a roller conveyor type plasma disinfection device with fungus-contaminated citrus fruits

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akikazu Sakudo ◽  
Yoshihito Yagyu
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Viable Cell ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Viable Cell Number ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Decimal Reduction Time ◽  
Gas Plasma ◽  
Plasma Device ◽  
Time Required

AbstractEfficient methods to achieve the safe decontamination of agricultural products are needed. Here, we investigated the decontamination of citrus fruits to test the antifungal potential of a novel non-thermal gas plasma apparatus, termed a roller conveyer plasma instrument. This instrument generates an atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (APDBP) plasma on a set of rollers. Penicillium venetum was spotted onto the surface of the fruit or pericarps, as well as an aluminium plate to act as a control, before performing the plasma treatment. The results showed that viable cell number of P. venetum decreased with a decimal reduction time (D value or estimated treatment time required to reduce viable cell number by 90%) of 0.967 min on the aluminium plate, 2.90 min and 1.88 min on the pericarps of ‘Kiyomi’ (Citrus unshiu × C. sinensis) and ‘Kawano-natsudaidai’ (C. natsudaidai) respectively, and 2.42 min on the surface of ‘Unshu-mikan’ (C. unshiu). These findings confirmed a fungicidal effect of the plasma not only on an abiotic surface (aluminium plate) but also on a biotic surface (citrus fruit). Further development of the instrument by combining sorting systems with the plasma device promises an efficient means of disinfecting citrus fruits during food processing.

Perception of the risk of contamination through feeding in pregnant and breastfeeding women

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Company-Morales ◽  
A Fontalba-Navas ◽  
M F Rubio-Jimenez ◽  
V Gil-Aguilar ◽  
J P Arrebola
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Large Fish ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Harmful Effects

Abstract Introduction Persistent Toxic Substances (PTS) are substances that are characterized by the cumulative effect at low doses inside the body. Exposure to PTS in pregnant and breastfeeding women, through food consumption, shows various harmful effects on the health of the mother, the fetus and the baby. The objective of this article is to analyze how pregnant and breastfeeding women perceive the presence of chemical substances in food and reflect on the accumulation, transmission and elimination of these substances. Methodology Descriptive and interpretive study under the qualitative research paradigm following a phenomenological and ethnographic perspective. As instruments to obtain the primary data we rely on 111 semi-structured interviews with pregnant and breastfeeding women, 4 focused ethnographies, 8 focus groups (63 women), 71 feeding diaries, 71 free listings. To encode the content of the speeches of pregnant and nursing women we rely on the N-Vivo 12 software. Results Pregnant and breastfeeding women are concerned about food quality controls. Women trust on local and seasonal foods such as fresh fruits and vegetables from non-extensive crops and close to their home. Foods that produce distrust in women are processed, packaged foods, red meat and large fish. The latter foods promote in women a perception of risk of contamination by chemical substances, manifesting a defenseless situation to maintain a diet without contaminants. Conclusions Pregnant and breastfeeding women in Spain have no information on the risk and danger of synthetic chemicals or PTS, with the exception of certain toxic substances such as mercury present in large fish. Women maintain a duality in their own care and that of the fetus or child. This circumstance implies that the women interviewed believe that PTS and synthetic chemicals may have different harmful effects on the mother and the degree of growth of the fetus and, subsequently, of the baby. Key messages Future mothers are worried about the type of product they eat, knowing that food influences healthy growth and development of the fetus. Pregnant and breastfeeding women often distrust “processed” or “industrial” foods, which they tend to associate with low quality and large amounts of additives and chemical substances.

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