The application of Islamic inheritance law in independent and contemporary Kenya: A Muslim’s right to equality and freedom from discrimination

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-64
Author(s):  
Moza Jadeed ◽  
Attiya Waris ◽  
Celestine N Musembi

This article argues that the observance of Islamic inheritance law (IIL) by Muslims in Kenya while the rest of the citizens employ a universal inheritance law is legitimate. It is within the Muslims’ right to equality and freedom from discrimination both under the now-repealed 1963 independence Constitution and the present Constitution of Kenya 2010. Through analysis of previous works, cases (local and foreign), statutes, international human rights instruments, international consensus documents, other international agreements, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, the article justifies the application of IIL in the country. It also conducts a thematic reading of the Qur’an, the Muslim Holy Book and the primary source of Islamic law, to demonstrate that IIL is a matter of exceptional importance to Muslims and therefore deserves accommodation in the Kenyan legal system under the right to equality and freedom from discrimination. The article, therefore, allays fears and misconceptions that the recognition of IIL in the country’s normative structures gives Muslims special treatment, makes them lucky and/or disunites Kenyans. Instead, it shows that such an arrangement is lawful and aligns with the principle of separation of the state and religion. It also makes Kenya inclusive and cohesive as it respects the rights of all its citizens, including the minorities. And because the enjoyment of this right is personal, the article highlights that the hesitance by other minority groups (locally and abroad) to assert it during their countries’ lawmaking or law reform processes does not estop Kenyan Muslims from doing it.

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmiyati

For reformers, Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Prophet, the primary source of Islamic teachings, are the solution to all current Muslims' problems. The main source of Islamic teachings must be explored using the right to ijtihad so that Islam can solve the current and future problems of the ummah. In the early preparation for the independence of the Republic of Indonesia, the discussion concerning Islamic law from the aspect of fiqh was receding because all Muslims were preoccupied with the formation of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). This agendas never made Hasbi forget the agenda of Islamic law reform in Indonesia, even though the many Muslim reformers of his time established social organizations. Abstrak: Bagi kaum pembaharu, solusi dari seluruh problem umat Islam sekarang ini, adalah kembali kepada Alquran dan Sunnah Rasulullah Saw. Yang merupakan sumber pokok ajaran Islam. Sumber pokok ajaran Islam, harus digali dengan mempergunakan hak berijtihad, agar Islam dapat menyelesaikan masalah umat, baik sekarang maupun akan datang. Pada masa awal persiapan kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia, perbincangan tentang hukum Islam dari aspek fiqh semakin surut karena semua umat Islam disibukkan dengan pembentukkan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI). Namun, kesibukan tersebut tidak pernah membuat Hasbi ikut terlena untuk melupakan agenda pembaruan hukum Islam di Indonesia kendatipun banyak para pembaru Muslim di masanya yang mendirikan organisasi-organisasi kemsyarakatan (Ormas). Kata kunci: ijtihad, hukum islam, sunnah, pembaharuan


Author(s):  
Muhammad Yusuf Siregar ◽  
Risdalina Risdalina ◽  
Sriono Sriono

This study aims to analyze the legal aspects of the Position of Inheritance Rights of Girls in the Context of Islamic Inheritance in Indigenous Mandailing in Sipirok District, South Tapanuli Regency. This research is empirical normative namely research by looking at existing conditions in the field by linking the source of Islamic Law and the legal source of Regulations in force in the Republic of Indonesia. The benefits to be received from the results of this study are to determine the Position of Inheritance of Girls in the Context of Islamic Law and Regulations in Indonesia and the Position of Inheritance of Girls in the Context of Islamic Inheritance in Mandailing Customs in Sipirok District, South Tapanuli Regency, the results of the study stated that In Islamic Inheritance Law strongly recognizes the position of the daughter in receiving inheritance with a strong legal basis in accordance with the al-Qur’an. In Islamic Inheritance Laws, a daughter has a position as Nasabiyah's heir so that she has the right to receive inheritance. In the Mandailing customary inheritance law in Sipirok Mandailing Natal, the position of a daughter is considered as an heir when a male heir is found, but if the girl is a mere woman, the woman is not entitled to inheritance from her parents. The distribution of inheritance in the Mandailing Inheritance law in Sipirok Mandailing Natal uses local customary law, as a basis for the distribution of inheritance which is still being realized in the Community.


2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Thị Hường ◽  
Tiêu Chí Đức ◽  
Lê Thị Thanh Hương

The cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 04 months, using quantitative data combined with qualitative information. Quantitative data was collected using a non-participating observation method, using a checklist. We observed 498 opportunities to wash hands. Qualitative information was collected from 02 in- depth interviews with experts and 03 group discussions. Data were entered and analyzed by Exel, Epidata and SPSS 18 software. The rate of compliance of nurses was 78.1. The chance of doing the right thing and completing the 6 steps is 71.9%. Practice of routine hand hygiene of nursing varies with working time, the highest was in the morning shift, lowest was evening shift. Factors that positively influenced the compliance are management and attention of the hospital leaders and the Department of Infection controls, regulations, circulars, training documents and guidelines; there is regular inspection and supervision and post-supervision feedback. Factors that adversely affect routine hand hygiene compliance are work overload, provision of unsanitary hand washing water and wash basins; the hospital has no regulations on specific rewards and penalties.


2020 ◽  
Vol V (I) ◽  
pp. 349-359
Author(s):  
Bisharat Ali Lanjwani ◽  
Fehmida Aslam ◽  
Anwar ul Mustafa Shah

This research article attempts to investigate "State of Implementation of International Labour Organization (ILO) Labour Standards in Brick Kiln Industry of Pakistan". Based on qualitative methods, this research/investigation has tried to understand different processes and mechanisms through which the government of Pakistan is fulfilling its international obligation i.e., provision of Core Labour Rights to the workers of brick kiln industry in the country. From all its Conventions, ILO has picked 8 Conventions and grouped them under four most basic human rights as which include Conventions 87 and 98 as "The right to organize and engage in collective bargaining", Conventions 100 and 111 as "The right to equality at work", Conventions 138 and 182 as "The abolition of child labour" and Conventions 29 and 105 as "The abolition of forced labour". To investigate the state of implementation of ILO Labour Standards, six districts were chosen from four provinces of Pakistan. Through focused group discussions and in-depth interviews, data was collected from brick kin workers, brick owners, labour activists, trade unionists, labour lawyers and officials of the labour departments.


Author(s):  
Gwendolyn D. Perry-Burney

Alston Barrington “Barry” Chevannes (1940–2010) was known for his in-depth interviews and group discussions leading to the Jamaican and Caribbean Rastafari movement, justice reform, youth development, and Ganja Law Reform. He was a writer and composer of Jamaican folk and religious songs.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-205
Author(s):  
Moh. Dahlan

Social change has driven Islamic law reform. The reform of Islamic law has encouraged one of Indonesia's Islamic law reformers, Munawir Sjadzali, to re-realize Islamic law in the distribution of inheritance in Indonesia. By using the contemporary paradigm, the results of this study indicate that Munawir Sjadzali's ijtihad paradigm has given birth to a new spirit to implement ijtihad in Islamic law reform in Indonesia, namely the renewal of inheritance law by reinterpreting the Qur’an text about 2: 1 between men and women become equal between the two. The provisions of the inheritance law are formulated and applied based on the consideration of the true sense of justice and the benefit of human life.Keywords: Social Change, Ijtihad, Reactualization, Islamic Law, Custom, and Inheritance.


2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
Tuti Surtimanah ◽  
Yanti Herawati

Background of this research was the still high number of infant mortality and high use of Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs). The This study aims aimed to determine TBAs positioning on the effort of strengthening partnership with midwives. A number of pregnant women, TBAs, and midwives become became informants, through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The results showed positioning TBAs still needed with different roles but side by side with midwife role, used by primi and multi pregnant women before and during pregnancy, during and after birth. The requirement forrequirement for TBAs was derived from parents as a cultural heritage, whereas the requirement for midwife obtained was from formal and non- formal information. The TBAs services toward maintain family health care including include cultural events. The midwife is givingserved professional servicescare. The partnership includes clients registration, motivation, abnormalities early detection. There has had been an unwritten financing unwritten agreement. The TBAs midwife partnership needs to be strengthened through legislation and , communication to diverse audiences in order to form the right positioning.


Jurnal Akta ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Syarief Husien ◽  
Akhmad Khisni

ABSTRAKPenelitian dengan judul ”Hukum Waris Islam Di Indonesia (Studi Perkembangan Hukum Kewarisan Dalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam Dan Praktek Di Pengadilan Agama )”Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normative, dalam pengumpulan data lebih ditekankan pada sumber bahan primer, berupa peraturan perundang-undangan, menelaah kaidah-kaidah hukum maupun teori ilmu hukum yang terkait dengan masalah yang di teliti.Berdasarkan metode tersebut penelitian menghasilkan pada pokoknya : (1) Formulasi hukum kewarisan islam dalam fiqih dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam (a) Formulasi hukum kewarisan Islam dalam fiqih pada al quran dan al hadist yaitu : Al quran, QS. An-nisa (4): 7, QS. An-nisa (4): 11, QS. An-nisa (4): 12, QS. An-nisa (4): 33, QS. An-nisa (4): 176, QS. Al-anfal (8): 75, dan Hadist Rasulullah SAW (b) Formulasi hukum kewarisan Islam dalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam di atur dalam Pasal 171 sampai dengan Pasal 193.(2) Perkembangan hukum kewarisan Islam dalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam di banding dengan kewarisan dalam fiqih yaitu banyak memasukkan unsur-unsur hukum adat dan kepentingan-kepentingan yang dibutuhkan masyarakat Indonesia masa sekarang, maka banyak bentuk-bentuk hukum kewarisan yang belum tertuang dalam fiqh konvensional (fiqh al-mawarits), namun hal itu telah termuat dan terkodifikasikan dalam hukum kewarisan Kompilasi Hukum Islam, antara lain: pasal 171 tentang harta bersama, pasal 177 tentang pembagian ayah secara `ashabah, pasal 209 yang menyatakan bahwa ayah angkat dan anak angkat menerima warisan, dan bila mereka tidak menerima wasiat, maka berhak menerima wasiat wajibah dan Kopilasi Hukum Islam pun mengakui harta gono-gini padahal fiqh tidak mengakui; (3) Perkembangan hukum kewarisan Islam dalam praktek putusan pengadilan agama di Indonesia hal ini tidak lepas dari Kompilasi Hukum Islam merupakan intruksi Presiden No. 1 Tahun 1991 tanggla 10 Juni 1991, sehingga perkawinan, kewarisan, dan wakaf bagi pemeluk-pemeluk Islam telah ditetapkan sehingga dapat dijadikan pengadilan agama sebagai “pedoman” dalam artian sebagai sesuatu petunjuk bagi para hakim Peradilan Agaman dalam memutus dan menyelesaikan perkara, maka kedudukannya adalah tergantung sepenuhnya dari para Hakim dimaksud untuk menuangkannya dalam keputusan-keputusan mereka masing-masing sehingga kompilasi ini akan terwujud dan mempunyai makna serta landasan yang kokoh dalam yurisprudensi Peradilan Agama. Dengan cara demikian, maka Peradilan Agama tidak hanya berkewajiban menerapkan ketentuan-ketentuan yang sudah digariskan dalam kompilasi, akan tetapi justru mempunya peranan yang lebih besar lagi untuk memperkembangkan dan sekaligus melengkapinya melalui yurisprudensi yang dibuatnya..Kata kunci : Hukum waris Islam, hukum Kewarisan, Kompilasi Hukum Islam ABSTRACTThe research entitled "The Law of Inheritance of Islam in Indonesia (Study of Legal Development of Inheritance in Compilation of Islamic Law and Practice in Religious Courts)" This research uses normative juridical approach, in collecting data more emphasized on primary source material, in the form of legislation, - the rule of law and the theory of jurisprudence associated with the problem in the perusal.Based on these methods, the research produces basically: (1) Formulation of Islamic inheritance law in fiqh and Compilation of Islamic Law (a) Formulation of Islamic inheritance law in fiqih on al quran and al-hadist namely: Al Quran, QS. An-nisa (4): 7, QS. An-nisa (4): 11, QS. An-nisa (4): 12, QS. An-nisa (4): 33, QS. An-nisa (4): 176, QS. Al-anfal (8): 75, and Hadith Rasulullah SAW (b) The formulation of Islamic inheritance law in the Compilation of Islamic Law is set in Articles 171 to 193. (2) The development of Islamic inheritance law in the Compilation of Islamic Law in appeal to inheritance in fiqih which includes many elements of customary law and the interests that are needed by Indonesian society today, so many forms of inheritance law that has not been contained in the conventional fiqh (fiqh al-mawarits), but it has been contained and codified in the law of inheritance The Compilation of Islamic Law, among others: article 171 on common property, article 177 on the division of fathers asabah, article 209 which states that foster and adopted sons receive inheritance, and if they do not receive a will, it is entitled to a mandatory and compulsory law Islam also recognizes the property gono-gini fiqh although do not recognize; (3) The development of Islamic inheritance law in the practice of religious court ruling in Indonesia is not separated from the Compilation of Islamic Law is the Presidential Instruction. 1 In 1991 on 10 June 1991, so that marriage, inheritance and endowments for the followers of Islam have been established so that it can be used as religious courts as a "guide" in the sense that a guide for the judges of the Religious Court in deciding and settling the case, depends entirely from the Judges intended to put it in their respective decisions so that this compilation will materialize and have a firm meaning and foundation in the jurisprudence of the Religious Courts. In this way, the Religious Judiciary is not only obliged to apply the provisions outlined in the compilation, but it has a greater role to develop and at the same time complete it through the jurisprudence it makes.Keywords: Islamic inheritance law, law of Inheritance, Compilation of Islamic Law


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Asman Asman

Abstract: This study analyzes the thoughts of Abdullahi Ahmed an-Na'im in Islamic law reform, Abdullahi Ahmed an-Na'im, a Sudanese intellectual figure. The objective of this study is for discovering Naskh's thinking conceptually, as an object for Islamic law studies. This critical study emphasizes that it is a need to review the naskh principle, for an-Na'im, which lies in the requirement to treat the texts in the Quran relevantly to fillenough Islamic law reform in a modern context. By comprehending the naskh verses in the Koran as a form of delaying their implementation to the right time, He uses logic or paradigm reversed from the conventional naskh principles, by re-streamlining the principles of Islamic teachings contained in the verses in the Mecca phase, which in conventional naskh theory have stated by the Madaniyyah verses that came down later. For him, reversing the naskh process is an evolutionary principle of interpretation. The methods used are descriptive, hermeneutic, and phenomenological methods. In practical terms, his naskh thinking which is aimed at revitalizing the interpretation of Islamic teachings in the context of the modern world can be useful for its application for the benefits of the ummah in the renewal of Islamic law in Islamic legal reform.Keywords: reform, Islamic law, critical, Abdullahi Ahmed Na'in Abstrak: Kajian ini menganalisis pemikiran Abdullahi Ahmed an­-Na'im dalam reformasi hukum Islam, Abdullahi Ahmed an-Na’im adalah salah seorang tokoh intelektual Sudan. Arah tujuan dalam kajian ini diarahkan untuk menguak pemikiran naskh secara konseptual, sebuah objek kajian yang diletakkan sebagai bagian dari kajian studi hukum Islam dalam pembahruan. Studi kritis ini menegaskan bahwa perlunya peninjauan kembali prinsip naskh, bagi an-Na'im yang terletak pada keharusan untuk memperlakukan teks-teks al-Quran secara relevan demi mewujudkan pembaruan hukum Islam yang memadai dalam konteks modern. Dengan memahami naskh ayat-ayat dalam al­-Quran sebagai suatu bentuk penundaan pelaksanaannya hingga waktu yang tepat, ia menggunakan logika atau paradigma terbalik dari prinsip naskh konvensional, yaitu dengan mengefektifkan kembali prinsip-prinsip ajaran Islam yang terdapat pada ayat-ayat fase Makkah, yang dalam teori naskh konvensional dinyatakan telah oleh ayat­-ayat Madaniyyah yang turun belakangan. Baginya, membalikkan proses naskh merupakan prinsip interpretasi yang evolusioner. Metode yang digunakan metode deskriptif, hermeneutika, dan fenomenologi. Secara praktis, bahwa pemikiran naskhnya yang ditujukan untuk merelevansikan penafsiran ajaran Islam dalam konteks dunia modem, dapat berguna penerapannya bagi kebaikan dan kemaslahatan umat dalam pembaharuan hukum Islam dalam reformasi hukum Islam.Kata kunci: reformasi, hukum Islam, kritis, Abdullahi Ahmed Na'in


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-317
Author(s):  
Emy Eliamega Saragih ◽  
Mustamam Mustamam ◽  
Mukidi Mukidi

Islamic teachings determine that the Koran and the Hadith are the main references in resolving every problem faced by mankind, especially Muslims. Likewise in solving inheritance problems, the Koran and Hadith have explained clearly and in detail. Whereas for matters that have not yet been regulated or there is no agreement on the ulama, such as inheritance for a transvestite. The problem in this study, regarding the position of girls in the distribution of inheritance law according to Islam, concerning inheritance rights of siblings of fathers who leave a daughter in the perspective of Islamic law and on the basis of judges' consideration in determining the determination of heirs in the decision of case register No. 40/Pdt.G/2017/PA.Mdn. This research is a normative juridical approach with a case approach by analyzing Decision No. 40/Pdt.G/2017/PA. Mdn). The data source of this research is secondary data obtained from the results of library research. Data analysis used in this study is qualitative data analysis. Based on the research results obtained, that the position of girls in the distribution of inheritance law according to Islam is the same as that of boys, namely both have the right to inherit the inheritance of their parents or relatives. It's just that, the male portion is bigger than the female part, which is two parts of the two girls. The inheritance rights of the father's siblings who leave a daughter in the perspective of Islamic law are based on bi ghairihi asabah, because they inherit from men and women together. The basis of the judge's consideration in determining the determination of the heir in the decision of case register No. 40 / Pdt.G/2017/PA.Mdn, is Article 174 paragraph (2) KHI and Al-Quran Letter of Examination verse 176. The panel of judges has mistakenly interpreted the substance of the Examination paragraph 176 and also interpreted the provisions of Article 174 paragraph (2) KHI.


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