scholarly journals Better Use of Scales as Measuring Instruments in Mental Disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Satyendra Nath Chakrabartty ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Item Score ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Different Response

Objective: Linearity implies high correlation but the converse is not true. For meaningful application of correlation and other descriptive and inferential analysis, checking of linearity, and assumptions of correlation including normality are needed The paper describes method of converting ordinal scores from Likert/ Rating scale to continuous, monotonic, equi-distant scores with fixed zero point and following normal distribution. Method: The method involves selection of weights for different response categories of different items so that weighted item score forms an arithmetic progression. Normalization of such score followed by further weights to items to ensure equal item-total correlation justifies addition of such converted scores. Results: Converted scores satisfying many desired properties can assess progress/deterioration of a patient over time and facilitate comparison, ranking, classification and assessing effectiveness of treatment plan. It also helps in computing reliability of Likert or Rating scale avoiding assumptions of Cronbach’s alpha. Conclusions: Converted scores will help the researchers and practitioners to find improved content validity and meaningfully undertake correlation and other analysis under parametric set up for deriving useful and valid conclusions about the sample, population and test parameters

Analysis on the Performance of Differential Confocal Pointing Signal

2007 ◽  
Vol 364-366 ◽  
pp. 516-520
Author(s):  
Jian Huan Zhang ◽  
Xue Min Gao
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Response Performance ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Measuring Signal

With differential confocal pointing method, the ultra-precise machined surface can be measured with high resolution. In this technology, the differential confocal pointing signal, the zero point of the output diagram, may be affected by the different response of the two detectors, the different defocus of the two detectors, the accordance of the two pinholes in front of the detectors and so on. The paper aims at discussing the effect of these elements on the measuring signal. Through theoretical analysis of the output of the differential confocal microscopy (DCM), the conclusion that the pointing signal keeps fixed after the differential confocal system has been set up, does not change with the differences mentioned above, is presented. However, the resolution of the differential confocal system is concerned with the response performance and defocus of the two detectors. This is also confirmed by experiments.

Interpersonal Therapy in Primary Infertility, Life-Cycle Transitions, and Dysthymia: A Single Case Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 153465012110382
Author(s):  
Sampurna Chakraborty ◽  
Prasanta K. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Interpersonal Psychotherapy ◽  
Single Case Study ◽  
Interpersonal Therapy ◽  
Primary Infertility ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Psychosocial Perspective ◽  
Evidence Based Therapy

Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is an evidence-based therapy, originally developed to treat major depression. IPT conceptualizes depression from a bio-psychosocial perspective where signs of depression are understood in the context of an individual’s current social and interpersonal stressors, defined in terms of role transitions, disputes, bereavements, and sensitivities. In this single case study, IPT was used to treat a woman undergoing primary infertility with multiple failed pregnancies and unsuccessful adoption procedures along with specific grief reactions and depressive symptoms for 2 years. The therapy was formulated over 12 weekly sessions in the outpatient set-up in a general hospital in Kolkata in 2017. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) was used to assess the efficacy of the therapy and its outcomes. The therapy was found to be effective in the patient and justifies the rationale of choosing the said therapy for the specific case from an interpersonal viewpoint. The case study may help suggest how and why to use interpersonal psychotherapy in infertility conditions with psychological ramifications.

scholarly journals The Development of Indicators for Transformational Leadership of Undergraduate Students at Thailand National Sports University

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Thitipong Sukdee
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Research Instrument ◽  
Fit Index

This paper develops indicators for transformational leadership of undergraduate students at Thailand National Sports University. The development of these indicators was based on in-depth interviews with six informants. The research instrument was a semi-structured interview form. The data collected were inductively analyzed. The development of indicators was accomplished through the synthesis of the data and the conceptual framework for this research investigation. Evaluate indicators of Accuracy Standard Propriety Standard with of five experts was compared with the principle of 3.50, using the research instrument was an Evaluation Form and thence the verification of the quality of the congruence of the indicators. The sample population consisted of 4 5 0 undergraduate students at Thailand National Sports. The research instrument was a rating-scale questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was utilized in conjunction with reliance on the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) technique. Findings were as follows: 1) In regard to the development of indicators for transformational leadership of undergraduate students at Thailand National Sports University, results were as follows: The aspect of idealized influence engendered eight keywords and twenty-two subtopics. The aspect of inspiration motivation exhibited six keywords and thirteen subtopics. The aspect of intellectual motivation evinced six keywords and fourteen subtopics. The aspect of individualized consideration displayed five keywords and eleven subtopics. 2) Assessing indicators for transformational leadership of undergraduate students at Thailand National Sports University All aspects were significantly higher than the threshold 3.50 at the .05 level. 3) The development of indicators for transformational leadership of undergraduate students at Thailand National Sports University were found to have twenty-five indicators. The verification of the quality of appropriateness for the indicators for transformational leadership of undergraduate students at Thailand National Sports University showed that chi-square (χ2) was at 552.93; (probability-value [p-value] at 0.000); degrees of freedom (df) at 271; relative χ2 at 2.04; goodness of fit index (GFI) at 0.91; adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI) at 0.90; Normal Fit Index (NFI) at 0.99; Comparative Fit Index (CFI) at 0.99 and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) at 0.04. It is concluded that transformational leadership of undergraduate students at Thailand National Sports is consistent with empirical data.

scholarly journals Video modelling technique used to manage the behaviour of uncooperative children in a dental set up

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niharika Kotian ◽  
Erulappan Muthu Ganapathi Subramanian ◽  
Vignesh Ravindran
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Pediatric Dentistry ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Rating Score ◽  
Behaviour Management ◽  
Behaviour Modelling ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Behaviour Rating ◽  
Set Up

Objective: To investigate if video modelling is an effective technique in behaviour modelling of a child in a dental set up. Material and Methods: Fifty children aged 4-6 years indicated for pulpectomy were enrolled in this study.  They were selected based on their behaviour using Frankl behaviour rating scale.  Children with Frankl behaviour rating 1 and 2 were selected for this study. The video of a child who was cooperative while undergoing pulpectomy was shown to these children. The behaviour was assessed using Frankl behaviour rating scale after the video was shown to the children included in the study. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the behaviour rating score of the children before after the video of the cooperative child was shown to them. Conclusion: It was observed that video modelling is an effective technique in managing the behaviour of an uncooperative child in a dental set up. Keywords Video modelling; Behaviour management; Fear; Anxiety; Pediatric dentistry.

scholarly journals Time course of improvement with antipsychotic medication in treatment-resistant schizophrenia

2011 ◽  
Vol 199 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takefumi Suzuki ◽  
Gary Remington ◽  
Tamara Arenovich ◽  
Hiroyuki Uchida ◽  
Ofer Agid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antipsychotic Medication ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Item Score ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Item Scores

BackgroundImprovements are greatest in the earlier weeks of antipsychotic treatment of patients with non-resistant schizophrenia.AimsTo address the early time-line for improvement with antipsychotics in treatment-resistant schizophrenia.MethodRandomised double-blind trials of antipsychotic medication in adult patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia were investigated (last search June 2010). A series of meta-regression analyses were carried out to examine the effect of time on the average item scores in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) or Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) at three or more distinct time points within the first 6 weeks of treatment.ResultsStudy duration varied from 4 weeks to 1 year and the definitions of treatment resistance as well as of treatment response were not necessarily consistent across 19 identified studies, resulting in highly variable rates of response (0–76%). The mean standardised baseline item score in the PANSS or BPRS was 3.4 (s.e. = 0.06) in the five studies included in the meta-regression analysis, with the average baseline Clinical Global Impression – Severity score being 5.2 (marked illness). For the pooled population treated with a range of antipsychotics (n = 1019), significant reductions in the mean item scores occurred during the first 4 weeks; improvements observed in later weeks were smaller and non-significant. In contrast, weekly improvement with clozapine was significant throughout (n = 356).ConclusionsOur findings provide preliminary evidence that the majority of improvement with antipsychotics may occur relatively early. More consistent improvements with clozapine may be associated with a gradual titration. To further elucidate response patterns, future studies are needed to provide data over regular intervals during earlier stages of treatment.

CU-SIL DENTURE AS A TRANSITIONAL PROSTHESIS TO PRESERVE THE REMAINING NATURAL TEETH USING PERMANENT SILICONE LINER

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Manu Rathee ◽  
◽  
Divakar S ◽  
Sujata Chahal ◽  
Sandeep Singh
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Treatment ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Alveolar Ridge ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Denture Base ◽  
Natural Teeth ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Stability

The goal of modern dentistry is to be conservative, preserving teeth but also maintaining the stability of the remaining alveolar ridge and the periodontium's proprioceptive capabilities. Cu-sil denture is the simplest approach in the preservation of teeth and maintaining proprioception. It is a type of transitional denture that provides an alternative treatment plan for the patients willing to replace their missing teeth while retaining their remaining natural teeth. It gives potential psychological benefits to the patients by avoiding extractions. It's a tissue-bearing acrylic appliance with a soft viscoelastic wrap that clasps the neck of each dentition, sealing out food and water simultaneously protecting and splinting each remaining tooth from the rigid acrylic denture base. This case reports series describes chairside techniques to fabricate Cu-sil dentures in the usual dental set-up

scholarly journals High-Precision Distance Measurement with an unmanned, Moving Target

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 93-95
Author(s):  
H. Ito ◽  
K. Schroff ◽  
Hans-jörg Frei
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Distance Measurement ◽  
Moving Object ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Moving Target ◽  
Personnel Cost ◽  
Greenland Sea ◽  
Single Station ◽  
Set Up

A device was developed, which rotates a marker for the distance measurement in the desired direction, without an operator at the spot. This is also possible with a moving object, on which the marker is set up. The device, together with adequate distance-measuring instruments, yields a precise distance measurement by a single observer at a single station. Examples of measurements using it during sea-ice studies in the Greenland Sea are described. It is shown that the application of the instrument provides a satisfactory basis for precise glacier surveying with limited personnel, cost, and time.

Exploring the Role of Complexity, Content and Individual Differences in Aesthetic Reactions to Semi-Abstract Art Photographs

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-119
Author(s):  
Nathalie Vissers ◽  
Pieter Moors ◽  
Dominique Genin ◽  
Johan Wagemans
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Exploratory Data ◽  
Science Collaboration ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Different Response

Artistic photography is an interesting, but often overlooked, medium within the field of empirical aesthetics. Grounded in an art–science collaboration with art photographer Dominique Genin, this project focused on the relationship between the complexity of a photograph and its aesthetic appeal (beauty, pleasantness, interest). An artistic series of 24 semi-abstract photographs that play with multiple layers, recognisability vs unrecognizability and complexity was specifically created and selected for the project. A large-scale online study with a broad range of individuals (n = 453, varying in age, gender and art expertise) was set up. Exploratory data-driven analyses revealed two clusters of individuals, who responded differently to the photographs. Despite the semi-abstract nature of the photographs, differences seemed to be driven more consistently by the ‘content’ of the photograph than by its complexity levels. No consistent differences were found between clusters in age, gender or art expertise. Together, these results highlight the importance of exploratory, data-driven work in empirical aesthetics to complement and nuance findings from hypotheses-driven studies, as they allow to go further than a priori assumptions, to explore underlying clusters of participants with different response patterns, and to point towards new venues for future research. Data and code for the analyses reported in this article can be found at https://osf.io/2fws6/.

scholarly journals Management of an Adult with Spaced Dentition, Class III Malocclusion and Open-bite Tendency

2011 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demet Kaya ◽  
Tulin Ugur Taner
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Open Bite ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Old Adult ◽  
Facial Pattern ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Tongue Thrust

ABSTRACTThe aim of this case report was to present the orthodontic treatment of an adult with spaced dentition, Class III malocclusion, and open-bite tendency. A 28.4-year-old adult woman was concerned about the unesthetic appearance of her spaced dentition localized at both upper and lower arches while smiling. She had a mild tongue thrust, hypertropic upper frenum, and mild speech difficulty while pronouncing “s”. Her profile was straight with prominent lips. Molar relationship was Class III on both sides. Anterior teeth were in an end-to-end relationship. Lower dental midline was deviated to the left side. Cephalometric analysis revealed a skeletal Class III relationship with hyperdivergent facial pattern. The treatment plan included myotherapeutic exercises for the tongue thrust habit and a diagnostic set-up for closure of diastemas. A strict retention protocol was followed combined with gingivoplasty, fiberotomy, and frenectomy procedures. All spaces were closed successfully, adequate overbite and overjet relationships were obtained, and tongue thrust habit and speech difficulty while pronouncing “s” were eliminated. Clinical and cephalometric results indicated the maintenance of the treatment outcome at 6-months post-retention period. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:121-129)

scholarly journals Measuring Income (In)equality: Comparing Survey Questions With Unipolar and Bipolar Scales in a Probability-Based Online Panel

2020 ◽  
pp. 089443932090246
Author(s):  
Jan Karem Höhne ◽  
Dagmar Krebs ◽  
Steffen-M. Kühnel
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Measurement Properties ◽  
Response Behavior ◽  
Online Panel ◽  
Bipolar Scale ◽  
Scale Characteristics ◽  
Different Response

In social science research, unipolar and bipolar scales are commonly used methods in measuring respondents’ attitudes and opinions. Compared to other rating scale characteristics, scale polarity (unipolar and bipolar) and its effects on response behavior have rarely been addressed in previous research. To fill this gap in the literature, we investigate whether and to what extent fully verbalized unipolar and bipolar scales influence response behavior by analyzing observed and latent response distributions and latent thresholds of response categories. For this purpose, we conducted a survey experiment in a probability-based online panel and randomly assigned respondents to a unipolar or bipolar scale condition. The results reveal substantial differences between the two rating scales. They show significantly different response distributions and measurement non-invariance. In addition, response categories (and latent thresholds) of unipolar and bipolar scales are not equally distributed. The findings show that responses to unipolar and bipolar scales differ not only on the observational level but also on the latent level. Both rating scales vary with respect to their measurement properties, so that the responses obtained using each scale are not easily comparable. We recommend not considering unipolar and bipolar scales as interchangeable.

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