scholarly journals Update on major clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonizing and/or infecting humans and its distribution in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (19) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Thaina Miranda Da Costa ◽  
Valéria Vieira ◽  
Fábio Aguiar Alves
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Low Prevalence

Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium well known for its ability to acquire genes for resistance to antimicrobial drugs. A few years after the discovery of penicillin, which initiated the era of antibiotics, resistance to this drug had already been reported in hospitals and in a few decades also became a problem within the communities. Likewise, shortly after the introduction of methicillin as a therapeutic option, the resistance was observed. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics is an important factor contributing to the emergence of new resistant strains. This pathogen has the ability to spread rapidly and asymptomatically among healthy individuals. Infections caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have reached a global share and are increasing in hospitals and community, including countries that previously had a low prevalence of MRSA history, exposing a significant diversity of clones identified. Outbreaks of infections caused by strains of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) have been reported worldwide, including Brazil, where there is currently an epidemic of CA-MRSA. The present article intends to review the molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and its evolution, with a focus on the clones distributed in Brazil.

scholarly journals Update on major clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonizing and/or infecting humans and its distribution in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (19) ◽  
pp. 93-105
Author(s):  
Thaina Miranda Da Costa ◽  
Valéria Vieira ◽  
Fábio Aguiar Alves
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Low Prevalence

Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium well known for its ability to acquire genes for resistance to antimicrobial drugs. A few years after the discovery of penicillin, which initiated the era of antibiotics, resistance to this drug had already been reported in hospitals and in a few decades also became a problem within the communities. Likewise, shortly after the introduction of methicillin as a therapeutic option, the resistance was observed. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics is an important factor contributing to the emergence of new resistant strains. This pathogen has the ability to spread rapidly and asymptomatically among healthy individuals. Infections caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have reached a global share and are increasing in hospitals and community, including countries that previously had a low prevalence of MRSA history, exposing a significant diversity of clones identified. Outbreaks of infections caused by strains of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) have been reported worldwide, including Brazil, where there is currently an epidemic of CA-MRSA. The present article intends to review the molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and its evolution, with a focus on the clones distributed in Brazil.

scholarly journals Anti-methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) activity of an acetone extract from the leaves of Canarium odontophyllum (Miq.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-229
Author(s):  
Nur Amira Mohd Shamsuddin ◽  
◽  
Dayang Fredalina Basri ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Bacteriostatic Action ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Canarium Odontophyllum ◽  
Time Kill

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a global health concern that has caused nosocomial and community infections over the past decade. The emergence of multi-drug resistant strains and limitations of present antimicrobial drugs have led to continuous search for natural products as curative agents for MRSA infections. Canarium odontophyllum Miq., locally known as dabai, has been considered an alternative phytotherapeutic treatment for MRSA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bacteriostatic activity of an acetone extract from C. odontophyllum leaves against MRSA. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extract against the ATCC 33591 and Mu50 strains were determined using the broth microdilution method, and a time-kill assay was employed to assess the type of bacteriostatic action of the extract against the Mu50 strain only. The MIC and MBC values of the extract against Mu50 were 312.5 µg/ml and 625 µg/ml, respectively, whereas the MIC and MBC values for ATCC 33591 were 625 µg/ml and 1,250 µg/ml, respectively, confirming the bacteriostatic effect against both MRSA strains. A time-kill assay showed that the acetone extract of C. odontophyllum leaves exhibited concentrationdependent bacteriostatic action against the Mu50 strain at 1/2× MIC, 1× MIC and 2× MIC. However, the extract was bactericidal only at the highest concentration (4× MIC) with a reduction in cell viability of more than 3 log10 within 24 hours. These findings confirm that an acetone extract from C. odontophyllum leaves inhibited growth of MRSA at low concentration and could be utilised as an alternative anti-MRSA agent in immune uncompromised hosts

scholarly journals Detection of mecA gene by latex agglutination and its molecular analysis by PCR in methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (07) ◽  
pp. 1363-1370
Author(s):  
Aneela Khawaja ◽  
Iffat Javed ◽  
Sohaila Mushtaq ◽  
Saeed Anwar ◽  
Faiqa Arshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Agglutination Method ◽  
Resistant Strains

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a devastating question that is threatening the health globally. The extensive and indiscriminative use of antibiotics has evolved a notorious resistance in Staphylococcus aureus.  This resistance developed through possession of mecA gene, which codes for modified penicillin binding protein (PBP2a) and the emergent strain being labeled “methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus”. Conventional phenotypic techniques for detection of MRSA rely on standardization of cultural characteristics. The drawbacks of diagnostic error to report MRSA include: poor prognosis, expensive treatment, dissemination of multi-drug resistant strains and even treatment failure. Latex agglutination method can be adopted as a more accurate and quick strategy for rapid detection of methicillin resistance. Objectives: To compare detection of mecA gene in methicillin resistant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus by latex agglutination and PCR; by assessing the sensitivity and specificity of both methods. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-Sectional study. Setting: Pathology Department, Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore. Period: From January 2015 to December 2015; according to standard operating procedures at Microbiology laboratory. Material & Methods: A total 713 consecutive, non-duplicate isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were processed. Methicillin resistance was determined using cefoxitin (30mg) by Kirby-Bauer method using CLSI guideline (2016), latex agglutination method; and PCR for mecA gene. Results: The results showed that out of 713 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 92 (12.90%) isolates were resistant to cefoxitin and were labelled as MRSA. majority MRSA isolates recovered from pus (44.57%) and wound swab (20.65%), followed by blood (13.04%), fluid (8.70%), CSF (4.35%), CVP (3.26%), HVS (3.26%) and tracheal secretion (2.17%). By latex agglutination method, 87 (94.50%) were positive for PBP2a; while on PCR mecA gene was detected only in 82 (89.10%) MRSA isolates. When assessed with PCR (gold standard) the sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy of latex agglutination was 100% and 94.57%, respectively. Conclusion: Latex agglutination test can be employed as rapid and reliable diagnostic technique in MRSA isolates for mecA gene detection, where resources for molecular methods are inadequate. This can effectually lessen the misdiagnosis of resistant strains, and over/ ill-use of antibiotics.

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