Features of distal lesion of the peripheral nerves in the upper extremities in vibration disease due to local vibration
Introduction. The relevance of the study is dictated by the difficulties of differential diagnosis of neural lesions of the upper extremities in vibration disease induced by local vibration. The most frequent involvement of the distal nerves of the upper extremities can be due to both a polyneuropathic diffuse disturbance without compression and a compression tunnel lesion. Taken into account the different approaches to the treatment of these conditions, there is a need to study the features of distal nerve damage in the case of vibration damage.Aim of the study was to investigate the macrostructural and functional features of distal lesions of the peripheral nerves of the upper extremities in vibration disease patients.Material and methods. 57 men aged 40-60 years were examined at the clinic of the Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases in Novokuznetsk, 30 patients with a proven diagnosis of vibration disease were included in the main group, 27 cases who had never worked in contact with industrial vibration were included in the control group. An electroneuromyographic and ultrasound study of the median and ulnar nerve were performed in all cases.Results. A significant increase in the distal latency of the median nerves and a decrease in the speed of sensory conduction along the nerves of the upper extremities in the main group were revealed. According to the ultrasound examination of the nerves, there was no statistical difference in the nerve cross-sectional area at the level of the wrist in the main and control groups. The frequency of compression lesions of the median nerve in the carpal canal in the main group accounted for 16%.Conclusions. With prolonged exposure to local vibration, a distal polyneuropathic diffuse lesion of the nerves of the upper extremities often develops. A combination of vibration disease due to local vibration and carpal tunnel syndrome occurs in 16% of cases.