postural disorders
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2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
G. V. Tamozhanska ◽  
О. M. Myatyga ◽  
N. O. Zelenenko

Poor posture is a fairly common pathology that often occurs among students of higher educational institutions and negatively affects their physical and functional fitness. Upon entering a higher educational institution the physical activity of students decreases significantly, and it causes deterioration in health, reduces the level of physical and mental performance.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 114-127
Author(s):  
Ketaki Vijay Shinde ◽  
Pradeep Borkar

Musicians performing over an instrument demands repetitive, awkward postures and postural stress from prolonged sitting or standing. Musicians are found to be more prone to the development of Playing-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (PRMDs) due to these factors. PRMDs are defined as ‘pain, weakness, numbness, tingling or other symptoms that interfere with their ability to play an instrument’. There is an increasing interest seen in the medical issues faced by the musicians performing over an instrument. There are different type of musicians playing different instruments which means different instrumentalists face different musculoskeletal disorders depending upon many factors. There are intrinsic and extrinsic factors involved which contribute to the development of PRMDs in musicians. Development of PRMDs is seen to be a cause of early termination of musician’s career. The purpose of study is to review the epidemiology of musculoskeletal disorders in musicians. Key words: Musculoskeletal disorders, Musculoskeletal problems, Prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries, Postural disorders, Playing-related strain in instrumentalists and musicians.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Оксана Владимировна Токарь

В статье представлены в кратком изложении результаты исследования телесного «Образа-Я» у подростков, имеющих нарушение осанки (сколиоз) и намечены основные направления психологического сопровождения данной категории подростков. The article summarizes the results of the study of the bodily "Image-I" in adolescents with postural disorders (scoliosis) and outlines the main directions of psychological support for this category of adolescents.


BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e052086
Author(s):  
Aurélien Hugues ◽  
Amandine Guinet-Lacoste ◽  
Sylvie Bin ◽  
Laurent Villeneuve ◽  
Marine Lunven ◽  
...  

IntroductionPatients with right stroke lesion have postural and balance disorders, including weight-bearing asymmetry, more pronounced than patients with left stroke lesion. Spatial cognition disorders post-stroke, such as misperceptions of subjective straight-ahead and subjective longitudinal body axis, are suspected to be involved in these postural and balance disorders. Prismatic adaptation has showed beneficial effects to reduce visuomotor disorders but also an expansion of effects on cognitive functions, including spatial cognition. Preliminary studies with a low level of evidence have suggested positive effects of prismatic adaptation on weight-bearing asymmetry and balance after stroke. The objective is to investigate the effects of this intervention on balance but also on postural disorders, subjective straight-ahead, longitudinal body axis and autonomy in patients with chronic right stroke lesion.Methods and analysisIn this multicentre randomised double-blind sham-controlled trial, we will include 28 patients aged from 18 to 80 years, with a first right supratentorial stroke lesion at chronic stage (≥12 months) and having a bearing ≥60% of body weight on the right lower limb. Participants will be randomly assigned to the experimental group (performing pointing tasks while wearing glasses shifting optical axis of 10 degrees towards the right side) or to the control group (performing the same procedure while wearing neutral glasses without optical deviation). All participants will receive a 20 min daily session for 2 weeks in addition to conventional rehabilitation. The primary outcome will be the balance measured using the Berg Balance Scale. Secondary outcomes will include weight-bearing asymmetry and parameters of body sway during static posturographic assessments, as well as lateropulsion (measured using the Scale for Contraversive Pushing), subjective straight-ahead, longitudinal body axis and autonomy (measured using the Barthel Index).Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the ethical review board in France. Findings will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals relative to rehabilitation or stroke.Trial registration numberNCT03154138.


2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 106-114
Author(s):  
N. N. Nezhkina ◽  
E. N. Kuzina ◽  
M. S. Yesayan ◽  
L. V. Timofeeva

This review analyzes the 20-year application of psychophysical training in pediatrics. The mechanisms of its positive influence on the functional state of the body in children and adolescents are revealed. The role of this health-strengthening technology in the process of pre-school training of graduates of kindergarten preparatory groups and in the adaptation of first-graders to school educational environment is highlighted. The effectiveness of psychophysical training in vegetative dystonia syndrome, postural disorders, arterial hypertension, overweight and tobacco smoking in children and adolescents is analyzed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-719
Author(s):  
Thanh Tuan Nguyen ◽  
Ngoc Tai Tran ◽  
Truc Dung Nguyen ◽  
Thi Hung Nguyen

Background & Objective: Spasmodic dysphonia is idiopathic focal dystonia characterized by irregular contractions or postural disorders of the laryngeal muscles, resulting in abnormal speech. Progress in laryngoscopy has resulted in development of a precise technique of botulinum toxin (BTX) injection into the thyroarytenoid muscle under visual control. Methods: We used EMG and endoscopic guidance for BTX injection in adductor spasmodic dysphonia (AdSD). Results: Thirty eight patients with AdSD were injected with BTX in 84 treatment sessions. The voice handicap index (VHI) level of the patients were: severe (73.8%), moderate (26.2%) and mild (none). The average VHI score was 74.6 points. After 8 weeks of BTX treatment, the VHI level was: Severe (3.6%), moderate (10.8%), and mild (85.7%). The average VHI score was 27.7 points. The average values of jitter, shimmer and harmonic to noice ratio (HNR) improved statistically (p < 0.05). The incidence of side effects were: breathiness (17.9%), choking (15.5%); hoarseness (8.5%), and dysphagia (4.7%). Conclusions: Injection of BTX under both EMG and laryngoscopy guidance for treatment of adductor spasmodic dysphonia is an effective and safe treatment.


Author(s):  
Valentyn Lukiianchuk

The article substantiates the need to assess the success of junior high school students in physical education classes. The system of pedagogical control of coordination abilities of junior schoolchildren with postural disorders is presented, which objectively reflects the health effectiveness of physical education lessons in grades 1-4 and determines the quality of the process of motor training of students with musculoskeletal pathology. Given that coordination abilities and posture are interrelated, because since the mechanism of their development involves the same morphofunctional and psychophysiological indicators of the body, and informative strength and flexibility in forming a stereotype of posture, criteria for assessing the development of coordination skills, and as well as control tests and standards for assessing the strength of the muscular corset and flexibility of the spine of primary school children with posture defects. The choice of motor tests is related to the focus of exercise on the development of coordination skills, and also takes into account the informativeness of the strength of the muscular corset and the mobility of the spine. Objective criteria for assessing the academic achievements of students with postural disorders in physical education classes: in the motivational, cognitive and activity spheres are determined. There are three levels of academic achievement of student youth: low, medium, high. In an effort to achieve complete certainty in the establishment of a particular level, qualitative characteristics have been developed that allow to objectively assess the health effects of physical education lessons for students with posture defects.


Author(s):  
Larysa Ruban ◽  
Stanislav Vlasko ◽  
Oleksiy Honcharov ◽  
Andriy Litovchenko ◽  
Oleksandr Piven

The required level of complexity of the arm wrestlers’ competitive activities demands high requirements for the functional state of the spine. Irrational approach to the training process without taking into account the biogeometric profile prevents the improvement of physical qualities, which leads to a violation of the training cycle, reduced athletic performance and efficiency. One of the most important conditions for postural disorders in athletes is the relative muscle weakness in some parts of the musculoskeletal system, the manifestations of which occur as a result of heavy training loads. The aim of the study was to assess the biogeometric profile of the musculoskeletal system in arm wrestlers. Posture examinations have been performed in the frontal and sagittal planes according to the REEDCO posture scale. The rounded shoulder index has been calculated as a percentage of the ratio of shoulder width to the shoulder arch. Measurement of the depth of physiological curves of the spine has been performed according to the method of Z.P. Kovalkova. Two groups of arm wrestlers have been examined: Gr. 1 comprised of 16 athletes aged 18 to 24, Gr. 2 included 14 athletes aged 25 to 32. According to the REEDCO posture scale for arm athletes, Gr. 2 revealed more significant changes in posture. When calculating the rounded shoulder index, similar changes have been observed. That is, physical activity of large amount and intensity in arm wrestling leads to existing changes in the biogeometric profile of athletes. More reduction of the curvature of the spine in the cervical and lumbar regions according to the method of Z.P. Kovalkova has been observed in a group of arm wrestlers aged 25 to 32 years. According to the data obtained, in course of time arm wrestlers have more significant changes in posture, which, in our opinion, is a consequence of physical activity of large amount and intensity without taking into account the changes in the biogeometric profile of athletes. Thus, the study confirms that it is necessary to integrate correctional and preventive program aimed at treating impaired biogeometric profile, in the training process of arm wrestlers.


Author(s):  
T. Kozlova ◽  
G. Boyko

The article describes the method of individual correction of the morphofunctional state of students engaged in shaping. It is noted that the main content of classes in groups is the implementation of specially designed programs in which the duration of classes in classical shaping is 60 minutes: warm-up (4-5 minutes), main (45-50 minutes) and final (3-5 minutes) parts. It was found that the peculiarity of the beginning of shaping classes is a change in the nature of music and exercises performed in different parts of the class: different in pace, rhythmic pattern. This helps to maintain emotional mood, interest in classes. Harmonious physical development is an important condition for human health. Chronic diseases are often the cause of various disorders of physical development, especially in children and adolescents, leading to a decrease in total body size, defects of the musculoskeletal system, postural disorders, the shape of the chest, legs, feet. At the same time, favorable socio-economic and sanitary-hygienic living conditions improve physical development, reduce the incidence of both children and adults. Physical education classes, in particular shaping classes, are also important. In addition, it is known that the best way to form a culture of body and movement - is athletic gymnastics, shaping, aerobics and dancing. Especially wide direction. Athletic gymnastics in shaping is an integral part of the training system. In contrast to the conventional, athletic gymnastics in shaping solves problems that are aimed mainly at the problem parts of the body of those involved.


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