scholarly journals β2-agonists in sports: prevalence and impact on athletic performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
A. A. Derevoedov ◽  
A. V. Zholinsky ◽  
V. S. Feshchenko ◽  
I. T. Vykhodets ◽  
A. A. Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Bronchial Obstruction ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Industrial Pollutants ◽  
Asthma Symptoms ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Β2 Agonists ◽  
Unambiguous Conclusion

Respiratory disorders caused by exercise are expressed in the development of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) and exercise-induced asthma (EIA), which are observed in athletes, especially in cyclic sports, much more often than in the population. Ventilation impairments are exacerbated by inhaled allergens, industrial pollutants and adverse environmental conditions, which increase the risk of EIB and asthma symptoms in athletes. The use of β2-agonists can prevent or eliminate ventilation disorders, however, it requires taking into account current anti-doping rules, which allow the use of certain substances in sports without a request for therapeutic use. The studies of the influence of β2-agonists on functional indicators of athletes and sports performance do not allow to make an unambiguous conclusion about its results. Medications with β2-agonists, approved for use in sports in the form of inhalation, do not have a significant effect on the performance of athletes at major sports competitions. At the same time, the systemic use of these substances and the use of any form of terbutaline caused a positive dynamics in functional indicators, which could lead to an illegal increase in the effectiveness of sports performance. Most of the conclusions about the effect of β2-agonists on outcome are based on a small number of studies, their heterogeneity, and an insignificant number of observations. It is necessary to continue studying the effects of β2-agonists in the course of randomized clinical trials in order to individualize therapy and prevent bronchial obstruction in athletes

scholarly journals Impact of Nutrition-Based Interventions on Athletic Performance during Menstrual Cycle Phases: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6294
Author(s):  
Macy M. Helm ◽  
Graham R. McGinnis ◽  
Arpita Basu
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Exercise Induced

Despite the steady increase in female participation in sport over the last two decades, comprehensive research on interventions attenuating the influence of female menstrual physiology on performance remains scarce. Studies involving eumenorrheic women often only test in one menstrual phase to limit sex hormone variance, which may restrict the application of these findings to the rest of the menstrual cycle. The impacts of nutrition-based interventions on athletic performance throughout the menstrual cycle have not been fully elucidated. We addressed this gap by conducting a focused critical review of clinical studies that reported athletic outcomes as well as menstrual status for healthy eumenorrheic female participants. In total, 1443 articles were identified, and 23 articles were included. These articles were published between 2011 and 2021, and were retrieved from Google Scholar, Medline, and PubMed. Our literature search revealed that hydration-, micronutrient-, and phytochemical-based interventions can improve athletic performance (measured by aerobic capacity, anaerobic power, and strength performance) or attenuate exercise-induced damage (measured by dehydration biomarkers, muscle soreness, and bone resorption biomarkers). Most performance trials, however, only assessed these interventions in one menstrual phase, limiting the application throughout the entire menstrual cycle. Improvements in athletic performance through nutrition-based interventions may be contingent upon female sex hormone variation in eumenorrheic women.

Possibilities of cardiovascular events in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and newly diagnosed tuberculosis, including those associated with HIV infection, when prescribing long-acting β2-agonists

MedAlliance ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Bronchial Obstruction ◽  
External Respiration ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Β2 Agonists

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) are a common pathology among respiratory diseases. Both conditions may have common risk factors, aggravating each other, accom-panied by the development of bronchial obstructive syndrome, requiring mandatory medical correction to increase the effectiveness of therapy for both the main and concomitant pathologies. The aim of the study was to study the effectiveness of treatment of TB in patients with COPD first diagnosed with tuberculosis, including those associated with HIV when prescribing long-acting β2-agonists. Materials and methods. A simple com-parative study included 60 patients of a TB dispensary aged 30–65 years. Patients were divided into 2 groups of 30 people (TB+COPD and TB+COPD+HIV), each of whom for 2 months received a long-acting β-agonist (indacaterol) as an accompanying therapy for the cor-rection of bronchial obstructive syndrome (BOS), with subsequent assessment of the effectiveness of therapy. Results. Subjectively, patients of both groups noted the rapid development of positive dynamics (short-ness of breath decreased from 1–3 days of taking the drug, coughing — within a week, tolerance to physical exertion improved), which was confirmed by indica-tors of the function of external respiration (FEV1). The state of the cardiovascular system was assessed by the results of daily monitoring of blood pressure (BPM). In the COPD+TB group, there is a certain average daily systolic blood pressure (SBP) with a tendency to nor-malize indicators, which is possibly associated with a decrease in the severity of hypoxia during bronchodi-lator therapy. In the COPD+TB+HIV group, the average daily level of SBP increased by 1 mm Hg, but given the very low starting rates, the increase in blood pressure had a positive effect on the patients' condition. The average heart rate (HR) during bronchodilator thera-py did not tend to increase. The best TB treatment re-sults were obtained in the TB+COPD group. In terms of the closure rate of TB+COPD decay cavities — 26.6%, TB+COPD+HIV — 20.0%), the TB+COPD+HIV group had longer periods of abacillation and closure of decay cav-ities, which is associa ted with the severity of the under-lying and associated diseases. The drug was well toler-ated in both groups. Conclusion. The use of 300 mcg long-acting β-adrenomimetics in the complex therapy of β2-adrenergic agonists for patients with TB+COPD and TB+ COPD+HIV can reduce the severity of bronchial obstruction syndrome, improve quality of life, increase adherence to TB treatment, thereby shortening hospi-talization and reduce the likelihood of disability of pa-tients, without the development of side effects from other organs and systems.

scholarly journals Correlation of spirometry and body plethysmography during exercise-induced bronchial obstruction

2019 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Schulze ◽  
Hans-Jürgen Smith ◽  
Celine Eichhorn ◽  
Emilia Salzmann-Manrique ◽  
Melanie Dreßler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Obstruction ◽  
Body Plethysmography ◽  
Exercise Induced

scholarly journals Exercise-Induced Asthma Symptoms and Nighttime Asthma: Are They Similar to AHR?

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Backer ◽  
L. M. Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Airway Hyperresponsiveness ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Asthma Symptoms ◽  
Exercise Induced

Background. Asthma experienced during exercise and during the night is based on the presence of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). The aim of the present study was to examine whether AHR is a predictor of exercise-induced asthma (EIA) and nighttime symptoms. Material. We included 793 asthmatics subjects with symptoms and a positive asthma test. Results. Mean (SD) FEV1 was 93% (15), 71% had rhinitis, and 62% had atopy. Both EIA and nighttime symptoms were associated with AHR; however, when including other factors of importance in a multivariate analysis, logRDR was eliminated, whereas FEV1% pred (P<.001), smoking (P<.05), atopy (P<.001), sex (P<.001), and treatment (P<.01) were associated with having EIA while dyspnoea (P<.001), cough (P<.001), and eosinophils (P<.01) were associated with frequent night symptoms. The risk of having nighttime awakenings due to asthma was more than twofold higher among those with EIA symptoms than among those without symptoms (OR (CI95%) 2.77 (2.0–3.8) (P<.001)). In Conclusion. EIA and night symptoms are associated with AHR, but other factors of importance eliminated this close association. Night asthma is more closely associated with airway inflammation than AHR.

Reduced hyperpnea-induced bronchospasm following repeated cold air challenge

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 210-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Haas ◽  
N. Levin ◽  
S. Pasierski ◽  
M. Bishop ◽  
K. Axen
Keyword(s):  
Base Line ◽  
Maximum Heart Rate ◽  
Cold Air ◽  
Asthma Symptoms ◽  
Rest Periods ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Inflammatory Changes ◽  
Training Protocol

This study assessed reduction in expiratory function in 12 asthmatic subjects both after 5 min of cold air provocation (CAP) with dry air conditioned to approximately 0 degrees C and after exercise (to 85% of predicted maximum heart rate) while breathing ambient room air (approximately 21 degrees C and 40% relative humidity). These assessments were done both before and after the following training protocol. Three 5-min periods of isocapnic cold air hyperpnea separated by 5-min rest periods were performed breathing 0 degrees to -10 degrees C air, for 36 sessions over 12 wk. As expected, pretraining expiratory function was significantly reduced (P less than 0.001) after both CAP and exercise. The posttraining reduction in expiratory function after CAP and exercise, however, was significantly less pronounced (largest P less than 0.05). These data support our hypothesis that repeated bouts of cold air challenge result in airway acclimatization to cold air and consequent decrease in exercise-induced bronchospasm. Acclimatization may result directly either by habituation of the airways or by vasodilation leading to increased bronchial blood flow and consequent reduced airway cooling. An unanticipated finding, though, is that repeated cold air challenge may also cause long-term inflammatory changes in the airways. A significant percentage of subjects experienced reduced base-line pulmonary function and overall exacerbation of asthma symptoms during the training period.

Ingestion of soy–whey blended protein augments sports performance and ameliorates exercise-induced fatigue in a rat exercise model

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 670-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangxu Ren ◽  
Suqing Yi ◽  
Hongru Zhang ◽  
Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Exercise Induced

This study sought to determine the effects of soy–whey blended protein supplementation on sports performance and related biochemical parameters after long-term training.

The heart remains the core: cardiac causes of poor performance in horses compared to human athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.D. Wijnberg ◽  
S.H. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Cardiac Remodelling ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Core ◽  
Equestrian Sports ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Response To Exercise

Cardiac remodelling occurs in response to exercise and is generally beneficial for athletic performance due to the increase in cardiac output. However, this remodelling also may lead to an increased prevalence of cardiac murmurs and arrhythmias. In most cases, these are not considered to be significant. However, in some cases, there may be potentially deleterious consequences. Whilst sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a rare occurrence, the consequences are catastrophic for both the horse and potentially the rider or driver. Furthermore, the sudden death of a horse in the public arena has negative connotations in regards to public perception of welfare during equestrian sports. Prediction of which individuals might be susceptible to potential deleterious effects of exercise is a focus of interest in both human and equine athletes but remains a challenge because many athletes experience cardiac murmurs and exercise-induced arrhythmias that are clinically irrelevant. This review summarises the effects of exercise on cardiac remodelling in the horse and the potential effects on athletic performance and SCD. The use of biomarkers and their future potential in the management of athletic horses is also reviewed.

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